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In this paper, we investigate some characteristics of phantom Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter (RN-dS) black holes. The peculiar features of phantom field render this kind of black holes quite different from their counterparts. We can only find at most two horizons in this spacetime, i.e. event horizon and cosmological horizon. For the black hole charge parameter, we find that it is not bounded from below. We calculate quasinormal modes (QNMs) frequencies of massless neutral scalar field perturbation in this black hole spacetime, and some properties related to the large charge parameter are disclosed.

Background To systematically review the epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Four electronic databases were searched up until December 2018. The manual search included the reference lists of the included studies and relevant journals. Observational studies evaluating the relationship between T2DM and periodontitis were included . Meta-analyses were conducted using STATA. Results A total of 53 observational studies were included. The Adjusted T2DM prevalence was significantly higher in periodontitis patients (OR = 4.04, p  = 0.000), and vice versa (OR = 1.58, p = 0.000). T2DM patients had significantly worse periodontal status, as reflected in a 0.61 mm deeper periodontal pocket, a 0.89 mm higher attachment loss and approximately 2 more lost teeth (all p  = 0.000), than those without T2DM. The results of the cohort studies found that T2DM could elevate the risk of developing periodontitis by 34% ( p  = 0.002). The glycemic control of T2DM patients might result in different periodontitis outcomes. Severe periodontitis increased the incidence of T2DM by 53% ( p  = 0.000), and this result was stable. In contrast, the impact of mild periodontitis on T2DM incidence (RR = 1.28, p  = 0.007) was less robust. Conclusions There is an evident bidirectional relationship between T2DM and periodontitis. Further well-designed cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding. Our results suggest that both dentists and physicians need to be aware of the strong connection between periodontitis and T2DM. Controlling these two diseases might help prevent each other’s incidence.

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) ranks among the most common autoimmune disorders globally. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle may substantially offset the risk conferred by a high transcriptomic risk profile. Immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs) were first identified based on data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (N =13, N =10) and a cross-sectional dataset from Anhui Province (N =5, N =5). Feature selection was then performed using LASSO regression and random forest algorithms to pinpoint key IRDEGs. These key genes were subsequently validated in a large, multi-province Chinese cross-sectional dataset (N = 902). Within this validation dataset, an RNA sequencing-based risk score (RSR score) was developed, and lifestyle factors were evaluated via structured questionnaires. The associations between the RSR score, lifestyle, and AIT were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Through a multi-stage screening and validation process, three key genes were identified: IFI16, CASP4, and BKT. The study included 902 participants with a mean age of 39.17 ± 10.70 years, 56.32% of whom were female. Among them, 126 cases of AIT were identified (13.97%). The prevalence of AIT showed significant differences across strata of gender, lifestyle, and the RSR score. Logistic regression identified a high RSR score (OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.72-3.89), along with intermediate (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.18-4.79) and unfavorable (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.43-5.62) lifestyles, as significant risk factors for AIT. The robustness of these associations was confirmed in stratified analyses by age and gender. This study suggests independent and interactive roles of transcriptomic risk and lifestyle in AIT etiology. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle may substantially offset the risk conferred by high transcriptomic susceptibility.

Carbon dots (CDs), as one new class of carbon nanomaterials with various structure and extraordinary physicochemical properties, have attracted tremendous interest for their potential applications in tumor theranostics, especially in targeted bioimaging and therapy. In these areas, CDs and its derivatives have been employed as highly efficient imaging agent for photoluminescence bioimaging of tumors cells. With unique structure, optical and/or dose attention properties, CDs have been harnessed in various nanotheranostic strategies for diverse tumors through integrating with other functional nanoparticles or utilizing their inherent physical properties. Up to now, CDs have been approved as novel biomaterials by their excellent performances in precise targeted bioimaging and therapy for tumors. Herein, the latest progress in the development of CDs in targeted bioimaging and tumor therapy are reviewed. Meanwhile, the challenges and future prospects of the application of CDs in promising nanotheranostic strategies are discussed and proposed.

In this paper, we adopt continued fraction method (CFM) associated with VBK approach, which is recently developed by Vieira, Bezerra and Kokkotas, to investigate the spectrum of quasibound states (QBS) and superradiant instability of massive scalar perturbation imposed on analog rotating black hole in photon-fluid model. We analyze the effects of black hole angular velocity Ω H and scalar field mass μ on QBS spectrum with positive and negative winding number m = ± 1 , respectively. In addition to the fundamental frequency, we also investigate the overtones in order to disclose more distinctions of spectrum between the states of m = ± 1 . We show that the sign of winding number can produce notable impacts on the spectrum, particularly to the imaginary part of the spectrum. We study the superradiant instability and find that the maximum instability for a given Ω H is not in monotonic relationship with angular velocity, which is in contrast to the case in Kerr black hole spacetime. As expected, the strength of superradiant instability can be significantly weakened by increasing the winding number. These findings imply that there exists a critical angular velocity under which the instability is strongest in parameter space, and we are supposed to find it out at m = 1 . Indeed, this max instability is found to be ω Imax ≈ 1.13374 × 10 - 5 related to the critical angular velocity Ω H ≈ 1.22 .

The various crop species are major agricultural products and play an indispensable role in sustaining human life. Over a long period, breeders strove to increase crop yield and improve quality through traditional breeding strategies. Today, many breeders have achieved remarkable results using modern molecular technologies. Recently, a new gene-editing system, named the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology, has also succeeded in improving crop quality. It has become the most popular tool for crop improvement due to its versatility. It has accelerated crop breeding progress by virtue of its precision in specific gene editing. This review summarizes the current application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in crop quality improvement. It includes the modulation in appearance, palatability, nutritional components and other preferred traits of various crops. In addition, the challenge in its future application is also discussed.

Realizing the immense clinical potential of mRNA-based drugs will require continued development of methods to safely deliver the bioactive agents with high efficiency and without triggering side effects. In this regard, lipid nanoparticles have been successfully utilized to improve mRNA delivery and protect the cargo from extracellular degradation. Encapsulation in lipid nanoparticles was an essential factor in the successful clinical application of mRNA vaccines, which conclusively demonstrated the technology's potential to yield approved medicines. In this review, we begin by describing current advances in mRNA modifications, design of novel lipids and development of lipid nanoparticle components for mRNA-based drugs. Then, we summarize key points pertaining to preclinical and clinical development of mRNA therapeutics. Finally, we cover topics related to targeted delivery systems, including endosomal escape and targeting of immune cells, tumors and organs for use with mRNA vaccines and new treatment modalities for human diseases.

Throughout the twenty-first century, robotic surgery has been used in multiple oral surgical procedures for the treatment of headand neck tumors and non-malignant diseases. With the assistance of robotic surgical systems, maxillofacial surgery is performedwith less blood loss, fewer complications, shorter hospitalization and better cosmetic results than standard open surgery.However, the application of robotic surgery techniques to the treatment of head and neck diseases remains in an experimentalstage, and the long-lasting effects on surgical morbidity, oncologic control and quality of life are yet to be established. Morewell-designed studies are needed before this approach can be recommended as a standard treatment paradigm. Nonetheless,robotic surgical systems will inevitably be extended to maxillofacial surgery. This article reviews the current clinical applicationsof robotic surgery in the head and neck region and highlights the benefits and limitations of current robotic surgical systems.

The genesis of Earth’s largest rare earth element (REE) deposit, Bayan Obo (China), has been intensely debated, in particular whether the host dolomite marble is of sedimentary or igneous origin. The protracted (Mesoproterozoic to Paleozoic) and intricate (magmatic to metasomatic) geological processes complicate geochemical interpretations. In this study, we present a comprehensive petrographic and in situ, high-spatial resolution Sr-Pb isotopic and geochemical investigation of the host dolomite from the Bayan Obo marble. Based on petrographic evidence, the dolomite marble is divided into three facies including coarse-grained (CM), fine-grained (FM), and heterogeneous marble (HM). All carbonates are ferroan dolomite with high SrO and MnO contents (> 0.15 wt.%), consistent with an igneous origin. Trace element compositions of these dolomites are highly variable both among and within individual samples, with CM dolomite displaying the strongest LREE enrichment. In situ 206Pb/204Pb and 207Pb/204Pb ratios of the dolomite are generally consistent with mantle values. However, initial 208Pb/204Pb ratios define a large range from 35.45 to 39.75, which may result from the incorporation of radiogenic Pb released from decomposition of monazite and/or bastnäsite during Early Paleozoic metasomatism. Moreover, in situ Sr isotope compositions of dolomite indicate a large range (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70292–0.71363). CM dolomite is characterized by a relatively consistent, unradiogenic Sr isotope composition (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70295–0.70314), which is typical for Mesoproterozoic mantle. The variation of 87Sr/86Sr ratios together with radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb signatures for dolomite within FM and HM possibly represents recrystallization during Early Paleozoic metasomatism with the contribution of radiogenic Sr and Pb from surrounding host rocks. Therefore, our in situ geochemical data support a Mesoproterozoic igneous origin for the ore-bearing dolomite marble in the Bayan Obo deposit, which subsequently underwent intensive metasomatism during the Early Paleozoic.