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In this paper, we study strong convergence of the algorithm for solving classical variational inequalities problem with Lipschitz-continuous and monotone mapping in real Hilbert space. The algorithm is inspired by Tseng’s extragradient method and the viscosity method with a simple step size. A strong convergence theorem for our algorithm is proved without any requirement of additional projections and the knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the mapping. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to show the efficiency and advantage of the proposed algorithm.

Plant disease outbreaks pose significant risks to global food security and environmental sustainability worldwide, and result in the loss of primary productivity and biodiversity that negatively impact the environmental and socio-economic conditions of affected regions. Climate change further increases outbreak risks by altering pathogen evolution and host–pathogen interactions and facilitating the emergence of new pathogenic strains. Pathogen range can shift, increasing the spread of plant diseases in new areas. In this Review, we examine how plant disease pressures are likely to change under future climate scenarios and how these changes will relate to plant productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems. We explore current and future impacts of climate change on pathogen biogeography, disease incidence and severity, and their effects on natural ecosystems, agriculture and food production. We propose that amendment of the current conceptual framework and incorporation of eco-evolutionary theories into research could improve our mechanistic understanding and prediction of pathogen spread in future climates, to mitigate the future risk of disease outbreaks. We highlight the need for a science–policy interface that works closely with relevant intergovernmental organizations to provide effective monitoring and management of plant disease under future climate scenarios, to ensure long-term food and nutrient security and sustainability of natural ecosystems.In this Review, Singh et al. explore the impact of future climate scenarios on plant pathogen burden and biogeography, their interaction with the plant microbiome and the consequences on plant disease and productivity in different ecosystems. They propose different approaches to ensure long-term global food security.

In order to analyze the application effect of bridge pile foundation in Yushu permafrost area, this paper uses the research methods of theoretical analysis, model testing, and numerical simulation to collect soil samples in the Yushu area, study various indicators of frozen soil, simulate different frozen soil foundations in the Yushu area, and study different seismic waves under the influence of different temperatures. The seismic response mechanism of bridge pile foundations in the Yushu permafrost region under the influence of loading mode, soil material, and single pile in different permafrost regions is analyzed, and the dynamic response and mechanical nonlinear characteristics of displacement and deformation under different seismic forces are obtained. The simulation results show that under the influence of different temperatures, different seismic wave loading methods, and different soil quality single piles, the bridge pile foundation in the Yushu permafrost area has obvious seismic response laws and obvious mechanical nonlinear characteristics. Under the influence of permafrost material, most single piles have response coefficients of between 0 and 1.

While strategies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy have become the first-line standard therapies for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer, acquired resistance is still inevitable in most cases. The introduction of antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) provides a novel alternative. ADCs are a new class of anticancer drugs comprising the coupling of antitumor mAbs with cytotoxic drugs. Compared with chemotherapeutic drugs, ADCs have the advantages of good tolerance, accurate target recognition, and small effects on noncancerous cells. ADCs occupy an increasingly important position in the therapeutic field. Currently, there are 13 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‒approved ADCs and more than 100 ADC drugs at different stages of clinical trials. This review briefly describes the efficacy and safety of FDA-approved ADCs, and discusses the related problems and challenges to provide a reference for clinical work.

With the development of flexible electronic materials, as well as the wide development and application of smartphones, the cloud, and wireless systems, flexible wearable sensor technology has a significant and far-reaching impact on the realization of personalized medical care and the reform of the consumer market in the future. However, due to the high requirements for accuracy, reliability, low power consumption, and less data error, the development of these potential areas is full of challenges. In order to solve these problems, this review mainly searches the literature from 2008 to May 2020, based on the PRISMA process. Based on them, this paper reviews the latest research progress of new flexible materials and different types of sensors for monitoring vital signs (including electrophysiological signals, body temperature, and respiratory frequency) in recent years. These materials and sensors can help realize accurate signal detection based on comfortable and sustainable observation, and may likely be applied to future daily clothing.

Overall artificial photosynthesis, as a promising approach for sunlight-driven CO 2 recycling, requires photocatalysts with efficient light adsorption and separate active sites for coupling with H 2 O oxidation. Here we show a In-based metal–organic framework (MOF) heterostructure, i.e., In-porphyrin (In-TCPP) nanosheets enveloping an In-NH 2 -MIL-68 (M68N) core, via a facile one-pot synthesis that utilises competitive nucleation and growth of two organic linkers with In nodes. The coherent interfaces of the core@shell MOFs assure the structural stability of heterostructure, which will function as heterojunctions to facilitate the efficient transfer of photogenerated charge for overall photosynthesis. The In-TCPP shell in MOFs heterostructure improves CO 2 adsorption capabilities and visible light absorption to enhance the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Simultaneously, In-O sites in M68N core efficiently catalyze H 2 O oxidation, achieving high yields of HCOOH (397.5 μmol g −1 h −1 ) and H 2 O 2 (321.2 μmol g −1 h −1 ) under focused sunlight irradiation. The superior performance of this heterostructure in overall photosynthesis, coupled with its straightforward synthesis, shows great potential for mitigating carbon emissions and producing valuable chemicals using solar energy. Developing efficient catalysts for artificial photosynthesis brings promise but challenges for limited light absorption and sluggish H 2 O oxidation. Here, the authors report an indium-organic framework heterostructure that facilitates the conversion of CO 2 and H 2 O into HCOOH and H 2 O 2 under sunlight.

Hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steel is an obstacle for using these steels in sustainable energy production. Hydrogen embrittlement involves hydrogen-defect interactions at multiple-length scales. However, the challenge of measuring the precise location of hydrogen atoms limits our understanding. Thermal desorption spectroscopy can identify hydrogen retention or trapping, but data cannot be easily linked to the relative contributions of different microstructural features. We used cryo-transfer atom probe tomography to observe hydrogen at specific microstructural features in steels. Direct observation of hydrogen at carbon-rich dislocations and grain boundaries provides validation for embrittlement models. Hydrogen observed at an incoherent interface between niobium carbides and the surrounding steel provides direct evidence that these incoherent boundaries can act as trapping sites. This information is vital for designing embrittlement-resistant steels.

In this study, a new type of N2-inhibitor-water mist (NIWM) technology was proposed to resolve the problem of fire prevention and extinguishing in the goaf of coal mine. The corresponding equipment was designed and manufactured. Under the condition that both gas pressure and liquid pressure were 0.5-2MPa, the NIWM equipment produced the water mist with Sauter mean diameter (SMD) range of 166-265μm. The experimental results of the operating parameters of NIWM equipment were in agreement with the theoretical derivation. The theory of two-phase flow atomisation can be used as theoretical guide for this technology. After that, on the basis of the NIWM equipment, the experiments of inhibiting low temperature (30-100°C) oxidation and extinguishing high temperature combustion of large dosage of coal sample were carried out. Water mist with SMD = 188μm had good diffusivity in the container. The inhibiting effect of N2-inhibitor-water mist on low temperature oxidation of coal was obviously greater than that of single material. N2-water mist extinguished the burning coal completely in 20 minutes. The addition of water mist solved the shortcoming of poor cooling effect of N2. In different stages of coal-oxygen reaction, N2, inhibitor and water mist play very different role in controlling the process of coal-oxygen reaction, which was not simple accumulation of the three. The combination of N2, inhibitor and water mist should be determined according to the state of the coal mine goaf fire. On the basis of the research conclusions, the onsite arrangement diagram of the NIWM fire prevention and extinguishing equipment in the goaf was designed. The research results proved the feasibility and effectiveness of this technology, and it is of great significance to the prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion in goaf.

• An emerging experimental framework suggests that plants under biotic stress may actively seek help from soil microbes, but empirical evidence underlying such a ‘cry for help’ strategy is limited. • We used integrated microbial community profiling, pathogen and plant transcriptive gene quantification and culture-based methods to systematically investigate a three-way interaction between the wheat plant, wheat-associated microbiomes and Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp). • A clear enrichment of a dominant bacterium, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (SR80), was observed in both the rhizosphere and root endosphere of Fp-infected wheat. SR80 reached 3.7 × 10⁷ cells g−1 in the rhizosphere and accounted for up to 11.4% of the microbes in the root endosphere. Its abundance had a positive linear correlation with the pathogen load at base stems and expression of multiple defence genes in top leaves. Upon re-introduction in soils, SR80 enhanced plant growth, both the below-ground and above-ground, and induced strong disease resistance by boosting plant defence in the above-ground plant parts, but only when the pathogen was present. • Together, the bacterium SR80 seems to have acted as an early warning system for plant defence. This work provides novel evidence for the potential protection of plants against pathogens by an enriched beneficial microbe via modulation of the plant immune system.

Prebiotics are compounds that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms. The use of prebiotics is a well-established strategy for managing human gut health. This concept can also be extended to plants where plant rhizosphere microbiomes can improve the nutrient acquisition and disease resistance. However, we lack effective strategies for choosing metabolites to elicit the desired impacts on plant health. In this study, we target the rhizosphere of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) suffering from wilt disease (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum ) as source for potential prebiotic metabolites. We identify metabolites (ribose, lactic acid, xylose, mannose, maltose, gluconolactone, and ribitol) exclusively used by soil commensal bacteria (not positively correlated with R . solanacearum ) but not efficiently used by the pathogen in vitro. Metabolites application in the soil with 1 µmol g −1 soil effectively protects tomato and other Solanaceae crops, pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) and eggplant ( Solanum melongena ), from pathogen invasion. After adding prebiotics, the rhizosphere soil microbiome exhibits enrichment of pathways related to carbon metabolism and autotoxin degradation, which were driven by commensal microbes. Collectively, we propose a novel pathway for mining metabolites from the rhizosphere soil and their use as prebiotics to help control soil-borne bacterial wilt diseases. Prebiotics can be used to encourage beneficial organisms. Here, the authors select rhizosphere metabolites that can be used as prebiotics to reduce the effect of the plant pathogen Ralstonia .