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Objective The prognostic value of tumor size in neuroblastoma (NB) patients has not been fully evaluated. Our purpose is to elucidate the prognostic significance of tumor size in surgery performed on neuroblastoma patients. Methods Neuroblastoma patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) for the study. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify risk factors and the independent prognostic influences of tumor size on NB patients. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed through univariate Cox regression analysis. To determine the optimal cutoff value of tumor size, we first divided the cohort into three groups (≤5 cm, 5–10 cm, >10 cm). Subsequently, the patients were divided into two groups repeatedly, with tumor size at 1 cm intervals. The cutoff value that maximized prognostic outcome difference was selected. Furthermore, we performed the Kaplan–Meier methods to visually present differences in prognosis between the optimal tumor size cutoff value in different subgroups. Results A total of 591 NB patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the SEER database in this study. Cox analysis showed that age >1 year (HR = 2.42, p < 0.0001), originate from adrenal site (HR = 1.7, p = 0.014), distant stage (HR = 6.4, p < 0.0001), undifferentiated grade (HR = 1.94, p = 0.002), and large tumor size (HR = 1.5, p < 0.0001) independently predicted poor prognosis. For tumor size, there were significant differences in tumor size distribution in different ages, tumor grade, disease stage, and primary site subgroup but not in sex, race, and histology subgroup. Furthermore, both univariate (HR = 4.96, 95% CI 2.31–10.63, p < 0.0001) and multivariable analysis (HR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.29–6.08, p < 0.0001) indicated the optimal cutoff value of tumor size was 4 cm for overall survival of NB patients. Using a 4 cm of tumor size cutoff in subgroups, we found that it can identify poor prognosis patients whatever their age or primary site. Interestingly, tumor size of 4 cm cutoff can only identify unfavorable NB patients with diagnosis at distant‐stage disease, or differentiated grade tumor, but not with regional and local or undifferentiated tumor. Conclusions Tumor size is first to be recognized as a key prognostic factor of neuroblastoma patients and a cutoff value >4 cm might predict poor prognosis, which should be included in the evaluation of prognostic factors for NB. we found that tumor size could independently predict prognosis in NB patients, and a single cut‐off at 4 cm that maximized prognostic discrimination of NB children was essential for identify the poor prognosis subgroup.

Ferumoxytol, an iron replacement product, is a new type of superparamagnetic iron oxide ap- proved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we assessed the feasibility of tracking transplanted human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol in middle cerebral artery occlusion-injured rats by 3.0 T MRI in vivo. 1 × 104 human adipose-derived stem cells labeled with ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine were transplanted into the brains of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurologic impairment was scored at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. T2-weighted imaging and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography were used to observe transplanted cells. Results of imaging tests were compared with results of Prussian blue staining. The modified neurologic impairment scores were significantly lower in rats transplanted with cells at all time points except I day post-transplantation compared with rats without transplantation. Regions with hypointense signals on T2-weighted and enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography images corresponded with areas stained by Prussian blue, suggesting the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles within the engrafted cells. Enhanced susceptibility-weighted angiography image exhibited better sensitivity and contrast in tracing ferumoxytol-heparin-protamine-labeled human adipose-derived stem ceils compared with T2-weighted imaging in routine MRI.

Background Scrotal and retroperitoneal lymphangioma (SRL) in children is relatively rare and its clinical symptoms are usually difficult to distinguish from other conditions such as hydrocele and incarcerated inguinal oblique hernia. This study aimed to explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of abdominal scrotal lymphangioma in children, and thus, to increase our understandings of this disease in clinical practice. Method This study enrolled nine boys, aged 1–10, who were admitted to Shanghai Children’s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 and who were finally confirmed with lymphangioma in the inguinal area. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of these children were analyzed retrospectively. The length of diagnostic process ranged from 3 weeks to 20 months. We also reviewed other cases of initially misdiagnosed cases of SRL in English publications from 2000 to 2022. Results The nine cases were misdiagnosed as hydrocele, hematoma, or inguinal hernia. Three patients received intracystic injection of bleomycin, three underwent laparoscopic mass resection, and three underwent resection of the inguinal lymphangioma under direct vision. Postoperative pathological analysis of the surgical specimens confirmed the diagnosis of benign cystic lesions and lymphangioma. Meanwhile, among the 14 cases of SRL in literature review, eight were misdiagnosed. Six were initially diagnosed as hydrocele, one as inguinal oblique hernia, and one as testicular tumor, all of which underwent ultrasonography scans. All cases were confirmed as lymphangioma after pathological examination. Conclusion The non-specific clinical manifestations may contribute to the misdiagnosis of scrotal masses in children. A detailed and accurate medical history, careful physical examination, and imaging findings are important factors contributing to the preoperative differential diagnosis of scrotal lumps in children, but the final diagnosis is based on pathological examination.

The grain growth retardation mechanism and the effect of cooling rate on VC-doped WC–Co cemented carbides were investigated in this work.WC–30Co and WC–30Co–VC were prepared by powder metallurgy,liquid-phase sintering at 1400 ℃ and followed by water quenching（[150 ℃/s） or furnace cooling（＊0.083 ℃/s）.Based on the results of electron probe microanalysis（EPMA）,we found that WC concentration in the Co binder was independent of VC doping during liquid-phase sintering,hence barely contributing to the retardation of WC grain growth.In contrast,the（W,V）Cx phase formed at the WC/Co interfaces played a major role in retarding WC grain growth during liquid-phase sintering.The effect of cooling rate on the morphology of（W,V）Cxwas revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM） and energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）.In the water-quenched WC–30Co–VC,（W,V）Cxprecipitates were found as thin layers at the WC/Co interfaces.In contrast,both thin layers of similar thickness and nanoparticles of（W,V）Cx were observed in the furnace-cooled counterpart.These observations listed above suggested that thin（W,V）Cxlayers were stable structures effectively suppressing the growth of WC grains and their thickness remained independent of the cooling rate.The（W,V）Cxnanoparticles,however,may be inhibited through rapid cooling,ensuring the VC-doped WC–Co cemented carbides desired toughness.

Copper-clad aluminum （CCA） flat bars produced by the continuous casting-rolling process were subjected to continuous induction heating annealing （CIHA）, and the effects of induction heating temperature and holding time on the microstructure, interface, and mechanical properties of the fiat bars were investigated. The results showed that complete recrystallization of the copper sheath occurred under CIHA at 460℃ for 5 s, 480℃ for 3 s, or 500℃ for 1 s and that the average grain size in the copper sheath was approximately 10.0 μm. In the case of specimens subjected to CIHA at 460-500℃ for longer than 1 s, complete recrystallization occurred in the aluminum core. In the case of CIHA at 460-500℃ for 1-5 s, a continuous interracial layer with a thickness of 2.5-5.5 μm formed and the thickness mainly increased with increasing annealing temperature. After CIHA, the interracial layer consisted primarily of a Cu9A14 layer and a CuA12 layer; the average interface shear strength of the CCA flat bars treated by CIHA at 460-500℃ for 1-5 s was 45-52 MPa. After full softening annealing, the hardness values of the copper sheath and the aluminum core were HV 65 and HV 24, respectively, and the hardness along the cross section of the CCA flat bar was uniform.

Previous studies of animal models of chronic mechanical compression of the spinal cord have mainly focused on cervical and thoracic lesions, but few studies have investigated thoracolumbar injury. The specific pathophysiological mechanism of chronic thoracolumbar cord injury has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to improve animal models of chronic thoracolumbar cord compression using the progressive screw. A custom-designed flat plastic screw was implanted in the spinal cord between thoracic vertebrae 12 and lumbar 1 of rats. The screw was tightened one complete turn（0.5 mm） every 7 days for 4 weeks to create different levels of chronic spinal cord compression. Following insertion of the screw, there was a significant decline in motor function of the hind limbs, and severe stenosis of micro-computed tomography parameters in the spinal cord. Cortical somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes were reduced remarkably, and latencies were prolonged at 30 minutes after surgery. The loss of motor neurons in the gray matter was marked. Demyelination and cavitation were observed in the white matter. An appropriate rat model of chronic thoracolumbar cord compression was successfully created using the progressive screw compression method, which simulated spinal cord compression injury.

To enhance the microwave absorption performance of silicon carbide nanowires（SiCNWs）, SiO2 nanoshells with a thickness of approximately 2 nm and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were grown on the surface of SiCNWs to form SiC@SiO2@Fe3O4 hybrids. The microwave absorption performance of the SiC@SiO2@Fe3O4 hybrids with different thicknesses was investigated in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz using a free-space antenna-based system. The results indicate that SiC@SiO2@Fe3O4 hybrids exhibit improved microwave absorption. In particular, in the case of an SiC@SiO2 to iron（III） acetylacetonate mass ratio of 1:3, the microwave absorption with an absorber of 2-mm thickness exhibited a minimum reflection loss of-39.58 d B at 12.24 GHz. With respect to the enhanced microwave absorption mechanism, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated on SiC@SiO2 nanowires are proposed to balance the permeability and permittivity of the materials, contributing to the microwave attenuation.

The oxidation kinetics and composition of oxide scales on low carbon steel （SPHC） were studied during i- sothermal oxidation. Thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） was used to simulate isothermal oxidation process of SPHC for 240 min under air condition, and the temperature range was from 500 to 900 ℃. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） was used to observe cross-sectional scale morphology and analyze composition distribution of oxide scales. The morphology of oxide scale was classical three-layer structure. Fe2 03 developed as whiskers at the outermost lay- er, and interlayer was perforated-plate Fe3 04 while innermost layer was pyramidal FeO. From the oxidation curves, the oxidation mass gain per unit area with time was of parabolic relation and oxidation rate slowed down. On the ba- sis of experimental data, the isothermal oxidation kinetics model was derived and oxidation activation energy of SPHC steel was 127. 416 kJ/mol calculated from kinetics data.

To enhance the microwave absorption performance of silicon carbide nanowires（SiCNWs）, SiO_2 nanoshells with a thickness of approximately 2 nm and Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles were grown on the surface of SiCNWs to form SiC@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 hybrids. The microwave absorption performance of the SiC@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 hybrids with different thicknesses was investigated in the frequency range from 2 to 18 GHz using a free-space antenna-based system. The results indicate that SiC@SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 hybrids exhibit improved microwave absorption. In particular, in the case of an SiC@SiO_2 to iron（III） acetylacetonate mass ratio of 1：3, the microwave absorption with an absorber of 2-mm thickness exhibited a minimum reflection loss of-39.58 d B at 12.24 GHz. With respect to the enhanced microwave absorption mechanism, the Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles coated on SiC@SiO_2 nanowires are proposed to balance the permeability and permittivity of the materials, contributing to the microwave attenuation.

Background：Compound anisodine （CA） is a compound preparation made from hydrobromide anisodine and procaine hydrochloride.The former is an M-choline receptor blocker with the function of regulating the vegetative nervous system,improving microcirculation,and so on.The latter is an antioxidant with the activities ofneuroprotection.This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotection of CA,which affects the degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） in an animal model with chronic ocular hypertension.Methods：Female C57BL/6J mice （n =24） were divided randomly into four groups：Normal control group without any treatment （Group A,n =6）;CA control group with feeding the CA solution （Group B,n =6）;microbeads （MBs） control group with injecting MB into the anterior chamber （Group C,n =6）;CA study group with MB injection and with feeding the CA solution （Group D,n =6）.Intraocular pressure （IOP） was measured every 3 days after MB injection.At the 21st day,neurons were retrograde-labeled by Fluoro-Gold （FG）.Animals were sacrificed on the 27th day.Retinal flat mounts were stained immunohistologically by β-Ⅲ-tubulin.FG-retrograde-labeled RGCs,β-Ⅲ-tubulin-positive RGCs,and β-Ⅲ-tubulin-positive nerve fibers were quantified.Results：Mice of Groups C and D expressed the incidence of consistent IOP elevation,which is above the IOP level of Group A with the normal one.There is no significant difference in IOP between Groups A and B （P ＞ 0.05）.On the 27th day,there were distinct loss in stained RGCs and nerve fibers from Groups C and D compared with Group A （all P ＜ 0.00l）.The quantity was significantly higher in Group D as compared to Group C （all P ＜ 0.00l） but lower than Group A （all P ＜ 0.001）.There was no significant difference in the quantity of RGCs and nerve fibers between Groups A and B （all P ＞ 0.05）.Conclusions：These findings suggest that CA plays an importantly neuroprotective role on RGCs in a mouse model with chronic ocular hypertension.