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The authors prove the long time stability of KAM tori (thus quasi-periodic solutions) for nonlinear Schrödinger equation \\sqrt{-1}\\, u_{t}=u_{xx}-M_{\\xi}u+\\varepsilon|u|^2u, subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions u(t,0)=u(t,\\pi)=0, where M_{\\xi} is a real Fourier multiplier. More precisely, they show that, for a typical Fourier multiplier M_{\\xi}, any solution with the initial datum in the \\delta-neighborhood of a KAM torus still stays in the 2\\delta-neighborhood of the KAM torus for a polynomial long time such as |t|\\leq \\delta^{-\\mathcal{M}} for any given \\mathcal M with 0\\leq \\mathcal{M}\\leq C(\\varepsilon), where C(\\varepsilon) is a constant depending on \\varepsilon and C(\\varepsilon)\\rightarrow\\infty as \\varepsilon\\rightarrow0.

Active electronic states in transition metal dichalcogenides are able to prompt hydrogen evolution by improving hydrogen absorption. However, the development of thermodynamically stable hexagonal 2H-MoS 2 as hydrogen evolution catalyst is likely to be shadowed by its limited active electronic state. Herein, the charge self-regulation effect mediated by tuning Mo−Mo bonds and S vacancies is revealed in metastable trigonal MoS 2 (1T'''-MoS 2 ) structure, which is favarable for the generation of active electronic states to boost the hydrogen evolution reaction activity. The optimal 1T'''-MoS 2 sample exhibits a low overpotential of 158 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and a Tafel slope of 74.5 mV dec −1 in acidic conditions, which are far exceeding the 2H-MoS 2 counterpart (369 mV and 137 mV dec −1 ). Theoretical modeling indicates that the boosted performance is attributed to the formation of massive active electronic states induced by the charge self-regulation effect of Mo−Mo bonds in defective 1T'''-MoS 2 with rich S vacancies. Metal chalcogenides have shown promising performances for renewable hydrogen evolution and such activities are sensitive to the material electronic structures. Here, authors modulate the electronic properties of molybdenum sulfide in 1T'''-MoS 2 for hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis.

The quality of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which plays a very important role in the health system of China, is determined by the active substances produced by the plants. The type, content, and proportion of these substances may vary depending on ecological factors in areas where the plants are grown. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying, an endangered plant species with great medical value, was investigated in eight production locations representative of its natural geographical distribution range in China. The correlation between the contents of the active ingredients extracted from the roots and rhizomes of S. hexandrum and the ecological factors were evaluated step-by-step using a series of computational biology methodologies. The results showed that ecological factors had significant effects on the contents but not on the types of the active ingredients in eight production locations. The primary ecological factors influencing the active substances included the annual average precipitation, July mean temperature, frost-free period, sunshine duration, soil pH, soil organic matter, and rapidly available potassium in the soil. The annual average precipitation was the most important determinant factor and was significantly and negatively correlated with the active ingredient contents (P < 0.001). In contrast, organic matter was the most important limiting factor and was significantly and positively correlated with the active substances. These ecological factors caused 98.13% of the total geographical variation of the active ingredient contents. The climate factors contributed more to the active ingredient contents than did the soil factors. It was concluded that from the view of the contents of the secondary metabolites and ecological factors of each growing location, in Jingyuan, Ningxia Province, and Yongdeng, Gansu Province, conditions were favorable to the production of podophyllotoxin and lignans, whereas in Shangri-La, Yunnan Province, and Nyingchi, Tibet, conditions were favorable to the production of quercetin and kaempferol.

Background Colon cancer is the second leading cancer worldwide. Recurrent disease and chemotherapeutic drug resistance are very common in the advanced stage of colon cancer. ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), the first-step rate-controlling enzyme in lipid synthesis, is elevated in colon cancer. However, it remains unclear about the exact role of ACLY in the development of colon cancer metastasis. Methods To evaluate the role of ACLY in colon cancer metastasis, we performed cell migration and invasion assays in two ACLY-deficient colon cancer cell lines. Colon cancer mouse model is used to examine ACLY’s effects on colon metastasis potentials in vivo. We analyzed the correlation between ACLY and CTNNB1 protein in 78 colon cancer patients by Pearson correlation. To finally explore the relationship of ACLY and CTNNB1, we used western blots, migration and invasion assays to confirm that ACLY may regulate metastasis by CTNNB1. Results Our data showed that the abilities of cell migration and invasion were attenuated in ACLY-deficient HCT116 and RKO cell lines. Furthermore, we describe the mechanism of ACLY in promoting colon cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. ACLY could stabilize CTNNB1 (beta-catenin 1) protein by interacting, and the complex might promote CTNNB1 translocation through cytoplasm to nucleus, subsequently promote the CTNNB1 transcriptional activity and migration and invasion abilities of colon cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of 78 colon cancer patients showed that the high expression levels of ACLY and CTNNB1 protein was positively correlated with metastasis of colon cancer. Conclusions These results shed new light on the molecular mechanism underlying colon cancer metastasis, which might help in improving therapeutic efficacy.

In this paper, a terahertz (THz) biosensor based on all-metal metamaterial is theoretically investigated and experimentally verified. This THz metamaterial biosensor uses stainless steel materials that are manufactured via laser-drilling technology. The simulation results show that the maximum refractive index sensitivity and the figure of merit of this metamaterial sensor are 294.95 GHz/RIU and 4.03, respectively. Then, bovine serum albumin was chosen as the detection substance to assess this biosensor’s effectiveness. The experiment results show that the detection sensitivity is 72.81 GHz/(ng/mm2) and the limit of detection is 0.035 mg/mL. This THz metamaterial biosensor is simple, cost-effective, easy to fabricate, and has great potential in various biosensing applications.

With the continuous development of social economy, information resources have become more and more valued resources. Based on the intelligent monitoring architecture of the multimedia sensor network, this article proposes a nonline-of-sight positioning method that can fit the characteristics of autonomous movement for the object of intelligent terminal, that is, first draw the corresponding position trajectory according to the speed attribute of the node. On this basis, according to the relative position trajectory and radio frequency signal positioning, the two-by-two positioning of position and direction is comprehensively realized, and the positioning result is obtained; the positioning accuracy is evaluated according to the positioning of the radio frequency signal, and the false positioning result of the distorted radio frequency signal is stripped out to reduce the error influences. Practical results show that the method is effective and can meet the needs of positioning accuracy.

HighlightsHigh-performance Zn||I2 batteries were established by coating zeolite protecting layers.The Zn2+-conductive layer suppresses I3− shuttling, Zn corrosion/dendrite growth.The Zeolite-Zn||I2 batteries achieve long lifespan (91.92% capacity retention after 5600 cycles), high coulombic efficiencies (99.76% in average) and large capacity (203–196 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) simultaneously.The intrinsically safe Zn||I2 battery, one of the leading candidates aiming to replace traditional Pb-acid batteries, is still seriously suffering from short shelf and cycling lifespan, due to the uncontrolled I3−-shuttling and dynamic parasitic reactions on Zn anodes. Considering the fact that almost all these detrimental processes terminate on the surfaces of Zn anodes, modifying Zn anodes’ surface with protecting layers should be one of the most straightforward and thorough approaches to restrain these processes. Herein, a facile zeolite-based cation-exchange protecting layer is designed to comprehensively suppress the unfavored parasitic reactions on the Zn anodes. The negatively-charged cavities in the zeolite lattice provide highly accessible migration channels for Zn2+, while blocking anions and electrolyte from passing through. This low-cost cation-exchange protecting layer can simultaneously suppress self-discharge, anode corrosion/passivation, and Zn dendrite growth, awarding the Zn||I2 batteries with ultra-long cycle life (91.92% capacity retention after 5600 cycles at 2 A g−1), high coulombic efficiencies (99.76% in average) and large capacity (203–196 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1). This work provides a highly affordable approach for the construction of high-performance Zn-I2 aqueous batteries.

PurposeImmunotherapy aimed at inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint has been approved and used successfully for the treatment of bladder cancer. The identification of markers predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors is critical to advancing the success of this therapy. 18F-FDG PET/CT is a molecular imaging technique that can provide phenotypic information on malignant tumours. It is currently unknown whether there is a relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in bladder cancer. In this study, we investigated whether PD-1/PD-L1 expression is associated with 18F-FDG uptake in bladder cancer, and whether 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging can be used to predict the PD-1/PD-L1 status of bladder cancer.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 63 patients with bladder cancer who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT before surgical resection. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were determined.ResultsSUVmax was significantly higher in PD-1-positive patients than in PD-1-negative patients (33.0 ± 13.9 and 19.6 ± 14.2, respectively; P = 0.032), and in PD-L1-positive patients than in PD-L1-negative patients (29.1 ± 15.6 and 15.8 ± 11.4, respectively; P < 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis SUVmax was significantly associated with both PD-1 expression and PD-L1 expression (P = 0.021 and P = 0.003, respectively). Using a SUVmax cut-off value of 22.7, PD-1 status and PD-L1 status could be predicted with accuracies of 71.4% and 77.8%, respectively.ConclusionHigher 18F-FDG uptake by bladder cancer is associated with elevated PD-1/PD-L1 expression. 18F-FDG PET/CT may be useful for predicting the PD-1/PD-L1 status of bladder cancer and for determining the optimal therapeutic strategy.

Rapid urban expansion and climate change have prompted further investigations into urban thermal climates and the development of local climate zone (LCZ) classification systems. LCZs, proposed 10 years ago, comprise a new and systematic classification of field sites for heat island studies to provide a reference for future LCZ research, so that scholars can understand what research has been done and identify future research trends. We analyzed LCZ studies in a database from 2012 to the present, and identified recurring themes using VOSviewer software, including LCZ mapping, measurement methods, thermal environments, and outdoor thermal comfort, among others. A systematic evaluation was performed using bibliometric analysis in the PRISMA framework—190 relevant studies were selected for subsequent analysis. Descriptive analysis showed that LCZ research has received increasing attention, particularly in China, where more than 60% of the LCZ studies were conducted. The results showed that the maximum number of articles on all themes was 57 articles on LCZ mapping, followed by studies of the thermal environment (UHI/SLT). It is hoped that this article will provide scholars in this area with an understanding of the research that has been conducted and the methods used, and provide insight into future research directions.

Non-noble transition metal oxides are abundant in nature. However, they are widely regarded as catalytically inert for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their scarce active electronic states near the Fermi-level. How to largely improve the HER activity of these kinds of materials remains a great challenge. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, we design a non-solvent strategy to achieve phosphate substitution and the subsequent crystal phase stabilization of metastable β-NiMoO 4 . Phosphate substitution is proved to be imperative for the stabilization and activation of β-NiMoO 4 , which can efficiently generate the active electronic states and promote the intrinsic HER activity. As a result, phosphate substituted β-NiMoO 4 exhibits the optimal hydrogen adsorption free energy (−0.046 eV) and ultralow overpotential of −23 mV at 10 mA cm −2 in 1 M KOH for HER. Especially, it maintains long-term stability for 200 h at the large current density of 1000 mA cm −2 with an overpotential of only −210 mV. This work provides a route for activating transition metal oxides for HER by stabilizing the metastable phase with abundant active electronic states. Non-noble transition metal oxides are common yet typically poor hydrogen evolution catalysts due to scarce active electronic states. This work provides a route for achieving hydrogen evolution at high current densities by stabilizing a metastable NiMoO 4 phase with abundant active electronic states.