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Esophageal cancer (EC) is a type of aggressive cancer without clinically relevant molecular subtypes, hindering the development of effective strategies for treatment. To define molecular subtypes of EC, we perform mass spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomics profiling of EC tumors and adjacent non-tumor tissues, revealing a catalog of proteins and phosphosites that are dysregulated in ECs. The EC cohort is stratified into two molecular subtypes—S1 and S2—based on proteomic analysis, with the S2 subtype characterized by the upregulation of spliceosomal and ribosomal proteins, and being more aggressive. Moreover, we identify a subtype signature composed of ELOA and SCAF4, and construct a subtype diagnostic and prognostic model. Potential drugs are predicted for treating patients of S2 subtype, and three candidate drugs are validated to inhibit EC. Taken together, our proteomic analysis define molecular subtypes of EC, thus providing a potential therapeutic outlook for improving disease outcomes in patients with EC. Proteomics can aid in the identification of molecular subtypes in cancers. Here, the authors perform proteomic profiling of 124 paired oesophageal cancer and adjacent non-tumour tissues and identify two subtypes that are associated with patient survival for therapeutic targeting.

With cardiovascular diseases standing as a leading cause of mortality worldwide, the interplay between diet-induced inflammation, as quantified by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and heart failure biomarker NT-proBNP has not been investigated in the general population. This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004, encompassing 10,766 individuals. The relationship between the DII and NT-proBNP levels was evaluated through multivariable-adjusted regression models. To pinpoint crucial dietary components influencing NT-proBNP levels, the LASSO regression model was utilized. Stratified analyses were then conducted to examine the associations within specific subgroups to identify differential effects of the DII on NT-proBNP levels across diverse populations. In individuals without heart failure, a unit increase in the DII was significantly associated with an increase in NT-proBNP levels. Specifically, NT-proBNP levels rose by 9.69 pg/mL (95% CI: 6.47, 12.91; p < 0.001) without adjustments, 8.57 pg/mL (95% CI: 4.97, 12.17; p < 0.001) after adjusting for demographic factors, and 5.54 pg/mL (95% CI: 1.75, 9.32; p = 0.001) with further adjustments for health variables. In participants with a history of heart failure, those in the second and third DII quartile showed a trend towards higher NT-proBNP levels compared to those in the lowest quartile, with increases of 717.06 pg/mL (95% CI: 76.49-1357.63, p = 0.030) and 855.49 pg/mL (95% CI: 156.57-1554.41, p = 0.018). Significant interactions were observed in subgroup analyses by age (<50: β = 3.63, p = 0.141; 50-75: β = 18.4, p<0.001; >75: β = 56.09, p<0.001), gender (men: β = 17.82, p<0.001; women: β = 7.43, p = 0.061),hypertension (β = 25.73, p<0.001) and diabetes (β = 38.94, p<0.001). This study identified a positive correlation between the DII and NT-proBNP levels, suggesting a robust link between pro-inflammatory diets and increased heart failure biomarkers, with implications for dietary modifications in cardiovascular risk management.

Chemoradiotherapy is one of the most effective and extensively used strategies for cancer treatment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates vital biological processes, such as cell proliferation and cell growth. It is constitutively activated in various cancers and limits the application of chemoradiotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that STAT3 regulates resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and thereby impairs therapeutic efficacy by mediating its feedback loop and several target genes. The alternative splicing product STAT3β is often identified as a dominant-negative regulator, but it enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy and offers a new and challenging approach to reverse therapeutic resistance. We focus here on exploring the role of STAT3 in resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors and radiotherapy, outlining the potential of targeting STAT3 to overcome chemo(radio)resistance for improving clinical outcomes, and evaluating the importance of STAT3β as a potential therapeutic approach to overcomes chemo(radio)resistance. In this review, we discuss some new insights into the effect of STAT3 and its subtype STAT3β on chemoradiotherapy sensitivity, and we explore how these insights influence clinical treatment and drug development for cancer.

Using first-principles calculations, we have investigated the adsorption of NHx (x =1, 2 or 3) on the FeS2 (100) surface. The adsorption configurations and adsorption energies were determined. Our calculations showed that the NHx prefers to adsorb on the surface Fe site via N atom. The NH molecule displays the strongest interaction with the FeS2 (100) surface among the three adsorbates, while NH3 is bound relatively weak to the surface. The analysis of the density of states (DOS) showed a strong hybridization between N 2p and Fe 3d states, especially for NH and NH2 adsorption. The NH3 adsorption at full coverage was found to be less favoured than at partial coverage because of the steric repulsion among the adsorbates, in agreement with the experiment.

A new wireless and passive surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based chemical sensor for organophosphorous compound (OC) detection is presented. A 434 MHz reflective delay line configuration composed by single phase unidirectional transducers (SPUDTs) and three shorted reflectors was fabricated on YZ LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate as the sensor element. A thin fluoroalcoholpolysiloxane (SXFA) film acted as the sensitive interface deposited onto the SAW propagation path between the second and last reflectors of the SAW device. The first reflector was used for the temperature compensation utilizing the difference method. The adsorption between the SXFA and OC molecules modulates the SAW propagation, especially for the time delay of the SAW, hence, the phase shifts of the reflection peaks from the corresponding reflectors can be used to characterize the target OC. Prior to the sensor fabrication, the coupling of modes (COM) and perturbation theory were utilized to predict the SAW device performance and the gas adsorption. Referring to a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW)-based reader unit, the developed SAW chemical sensor was wirelessly characterized in gas exposure experiments for dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) detection. Sensor performance parameters such as phase sensitivity, repeatability, linearity, and temperature compensation were evaluated experimentally.

Since there is an incompatibility of simultaneously nonlinear breaking the superconformal symmetry and the dilatation symmetry with the dilaton taken as the compensator field, in the present paper is shown an alternative mechanism of spontaneous breaking the N =2 superconformal symmetry to the N =0 case. By using the approach of nonlinear transformations one finds that it leads to a space-filling brane theory with Weyl scale W (1,3) symmetry. The dynamics of the resulting Weyl scale invariant brane, along with that of other Nambu–Goldstone fields, is derived in terms of the building blocks of the vierbein and the covariant derivative from the Maurer–Cartan one-forms. A general coupling of the matter fields localized on the brane world volume to these NG fields is also constructed.

The facile fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-doping molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanocomposite-based binary green porogen system, room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was developed for drug delivery system. With fenbufen (FB) as template molecule, 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) was used as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linking monomer, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate and choline chloride/ethylene glycol as binary green solvent, in the presence of SWCNTs. The imprinting effect of the SWCNT–MIP composites was optimized by regulation of the amount of SWCNTs, ratio of RTILs and DES, and the composition of DES. Blue shifts of UV bands strongly suggested that interaction between 4-VP and FB can be enhanced due to SWCNT doping in the process of self-assembly. The reinforced imprinted effect of CNT-doping MIP can provide superior controlled release characteristics. Compared with the control MIP prepared without SWCNTs, the imprinting factor of the SWCNT–MIP composites exhibited a twofold increase. In the analysis for the FB release kinetics from all samples, the SWCNT-reinforced MIP produced the lowest value of drug diffusivity. The relative bioavailability of the SWCNT–MIP composites ( F %) displayed the highest value of 143.3% compared with the commercial FB tablet, whereas the control MIP and SWCNT–non-MIP composites was only 48.3% and 44.4%, respectively. The results indicated that the SWCNT–MIP nanocomposites developed here have potentials as the controlled-release device.

The local conformal symmetry is spontaneously broken down to the Local Lorentz invariance symmetry through the approach of nonlinear realization. The resulting effective Lagrangian, in the unitary gauge, describes a cosmological vector field non-minimally coupling to the gravitational field. As a result of the Higgs mechanism, the vector field absorbs the dilaton and becomes massive, but with an independent energy scale. The Proca type vector field can be modelled as dark energy candidate. The possibility that it further triggers Lorentz symmetry violation is also pointed out.

A novel barium(II) ion-selective polymeric membrane electrode based on a macrocyclic tetrabasic ligand that derived from the reaction of 4,6-diacetylresorcinol and ethylenediamine in the molar ratio 1:1 as neutral carrier was described. The electrode, with optimum membrane composition, exhibited an excellent near-Nernstian response for Ba²⁺ ion ranging from 3.6 x 10⁻⁶ to 1.0 x 10⁻¹ mol/L with a detection limit of 1.9 x 10⁻⁶ mol/L and a slope of 29.7 ± 0.2 mV/dec in pH 4.0 nitrate buffer solution at 25 °C. It had a relatively fast response time (10 s), good selectivity towards Ba²⁺ ion, and could be used over a wide pH range of 2.5-7.5. Then, the response mechanism was discussed in view of UV-visible spectroscopy and the A.C. impedance technique. Finally, the proposed electrode was successfully applied to the detection of Ba²⁺ ions in real samples as well as in sulfate(II) ions in water.

Several sec-aromatic THP acetal compounds have been found to be suitable substrates for the [1,2]-Wittig rearrangement in the absence of an external electrophile, which resulted in the generation of new carbon-carbon bond and the facile synthesis of aromatic tertiary alcohols. More interestingly, an unexpected effect of chlorotrimethylsilane on this [1,2]-Wittig rearrangement of sec-aromatic THP acetal compounds was found, in which two different products involving oxidative procedure were obtained due to the competitive [1,4]-Sigmatropic rearrangement versus [1,2]-Wittig rearrangement