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"Liu, Lydia He"
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The clash of empires : the invention of China in modern world making
This book illuminates the cultural legacy of sovereign thinking that emerged from the violent meetings between the British Empire and the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Liu demonstrates how the collision of imperial will and competing interests led to the invention of \"China,\" \"the East,\" \"the West,\" and the notion of \"the world\" in recent history.
eBook
The politics of first-person narrative in modern Chinese fiction
The first-person tradition in modern Chinese fiction began with the publication of Lu Xun's \"Diary of a Madman\" in 1918, an event that marked the beginning of modern literature itself. The subsequent proliferation of I-narratives corresponded to an intense period of sociopolitical and ideological shifts that eventually transformed traditional China into a modern nation. Under the influence of Western literary traditions (in some cases via Japan) and the Western notions of the self, the first-person mode became a formal correlative of individualism and pluralism that modern writers embraced with enthusiasm. They sought to bring into literature those people whose subjectivity had been denied by the classics. Subjectivity in writing was thus translated into political reality and acquired an ideological significance that responded to a historical need: the reconfiguration of modern Chinese men and women as self-conscious subjects. As the narrative mode helps the modern writer rewrite the stories of self, gender, and class in a modern context, it also mirrors his/her deeply-felt uneasiness with regard to the relation of the elite to the underprivileged. In seeking to give voice to the experience of the \"other\" (gender or class), writers find their own legitimacy problematized. The confrontation between the educated subject and the \"other\" is effectively dramatized by the use of the first person, as in the stories by Lu Xun and Yu Dafu. But even more problematized than that is the notion of subjectivity itself, for first-person narrative poses the question of self-knowledge through the very ambivalence of self-reflexive writing. The works of Ding Ling, Zhang Tianyi, and others exemplify the subject's difficult quest for the identity of self, whereas those of Xiao Hong, Wu Zuxiang, and Shen Congwen focus on the subject's ironic incapacity for self-understanding. Situating the subject in the problematic discourses of first-person narrative, modern writers critique the bourgeois individualism that originally inspired their rebellion against the classics. In so doing, their works achieve a high degree of self-consciousness and narrative sophistication.
Dissertation
Probable Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Quarantine Hotel, Hong Kong, China, November 2021
We report detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) in an asymptomatic, fully vaccinated traveler in a quarantine hotel in Hong Kong, China. The Omicron variant was also detected in a fully vaccinated traveler staying in a room across the corridor from the index patient, suggesting transmission despite strict quarantine precautions.
Journal Article
Molecular landmarks of tumor hypoxia across cancer types
Many primary-tumor subregions have low levels of molecular oxygen, termed hypoxia. Hypoxic tumors are at elevated risk for local failure and distant metastasis, but the molecular hallmarks of tumor hypoxia remain poorly defined. To fill this gap, we quantified hypoxia in 8,006 tumors across 19 tumor types. In ten tumor types, hypoxia was associated with elevated genomic instability. In all 19 tumor types, hypoxic tumors exhibited characteristic driver-mutation signatures. We observed widespread hypoxia-associated dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) across cancers and functionally validated miR-133a-3p as a hypoxia-modulated miRNA. In localized prostate cancer, hypoxia was associated with elevated rates of chromothripsis, allelic loss of
PTEN
and shorter telomeres. These associations are particularly enriched in polyclonal tumors, representing a constellation of features resembling tumor nimbosus, an aggressive cellular phenotype. Overall, this work establishes that tumor hypoxia may drive aggressive molecular features across cancers and shape the clinical trajectory of individual tumors.
Analysis of signatures of hypoxia in more than 8,000 tumors from 19 cancer types identifies hypoxia-driven mutation signatures and dysregulation of microRNAs.
Journal Article
Within-host genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals
Viral and host factors can shape SARS-CoV-2 evolution. However, little is known about lineage-specific and vaccination-specific mutations that occur within individuals. Here, we analysed deep sequencing data from 2,820 SARS-CoV-2 respiratory samples with different viral lineages to describe the patterns of within-host diversity under different conditions, including vaccine-breakthrough infections. In unvaccinated individuals, variant of Concern (VOC) Alpha, Delta, and Omicron respiratory samples were found to have higher within-host diversity and were under neutral to purifying selection at the full genome level compared to non-VOC SARS-CoV-2. Breakthrough infections in 2-dose or 3-dose Comirnaty and CoronaVac vaccinated individuals did not increase levels of non-synonymous mutations and did not change the direction of selection pressure. Vaccine-induced antibody or T cell responses did not appear to have significant impact on within-host SARS-CoV-2 sequence diversification. Our findings suggest that vaccination does not increase exploration of SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence space and may not facilitate emergence of viral variants.
There is limited data on within-host SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity and how it is affected by vaccination. The authors analysed intra-host sequence diversity and found that VOCs may have more sequence variations than non-VOCs and that breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals do not seem to increase non-silent mutations.
Journal Article
SARS-CoV-2 Superspread in Fitness Center, Hong Kong, China, March 2021
To investigate a superspreading event at a fitness center in Hong Kong, China, we used genomic sequencing to analyze 102 reverse transcription PCR-confirmed cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Our finding highlights the risk for virus transmission in confined spaces with poor ventilation and limited public health interventions.
Journal Article