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"Liu, Qi"
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World-class universities : towards a global common good and seeking national and institutional contributions
In the era marked by globalization and its profound impacts on individuals, societies, states and markets, world-class universities need to position themselves in the forefront of seeking conceptual and practical solutions to daunting challenges by paying greater attention to their roles in serving local society and contributing to global common goods. Based on the findings of the Seventh International Conference on World-Class Universities, World-Class Universities: Towards a Global Common Good and Seeking National and Institutional Contributions provides updated insights and debates on how world-class universities will contribute to the global common good and balance their global, national and local roles in doing so.
Book
A truncated nuclear norm and graph-Laplacian regularized low-rank representation method for tumor clustering and gene selection
Background
Clustering and feature selection act major roles in many communities. As a matrix factorization, Low-Rank Representation (LRR) has attracted lots of attentions in clustering and feature selection, but sometimes its performance is frustrated when the data samples are insufficient or contain a lot of noise.
Results
To address this drawback, a novel LRR model named TGLRR is proposed by integrating the truncated nuclear norm with graph-Laplacian. Different from the nuclear norm minimizing all singular values, the truncated nuclear norm only minimizes some smallest singular values, which can dispel the harm of shrinkage of the leading singular values. Finally, an efficient algorithm based on Linearized Alternating Direction with Adaptive Penalty is applied to resolving the optimization problem.
Conclusions
The results show that the TGLRR method exceeds the existing state-of-the-art methods in aspect of tumor clustering and gene selection on integrated gene expression data.
Journal Article
Red ginseng polysaccharide exhibits anticancer activity through GPX4 downregulation-induced ferroptosis
Red ginseng polysaccharide (RGP) is an active component of the widely used medicinal plant Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae), which has displayed promising activities against cancer cells. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of RGP in ferroptosis is still unknown.
This study evaluates the effects of RGP in cancer cells.
A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells were used. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay after being treated with RGP at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 μg/mL at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h. Lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed by C11-BODIPY assay. The control group was treated with PBS.
RGP inhibited human A549 (IC
50
: 376.2 μg/mL) or MDA-MB-231(IC
50
: 311.3 μg/mL) proliferation and induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, promoted ferroptosis and suppressed the expression of GPX4. Moreover, the effects of RGP were enhanced by the ferroptosis inducer erastin, while abolished by ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1.
Our study is the first to demonstrate (1) the anticancer activity of RGP in human lung cancer and breast cancer. (2) RGP presented the anti-ferroptosis effects in lung and breast cancer cells via targeting GPX4.
Journal Article
Matching visibility and performance : a standing challenge for world-class universities
World-class universities (WCU) are regarded as cornerstone institutions of any academic system and imperative to develop a nation?s competitiveness in the global knowledge economy. Visibility and performance are among the most watched concepts in relation to develop WCUs, but remain complicated in nature and with no agreed upon definitions. Existing literature have focused on how to raise universities? prestige, status, impact and rankings in the global and regional arena on the one hand, and how to enhance universities? quality, efficiency, effectiveness and academic output on the other. However, whether visibility is a legitimate indicator of performance, or vice versa, is yet to be answered. This book provides insights of developing academic excellence from global, national and institutional perspectives, and intends to stimulate discussion on how universities can be?globally visible and locally engaged? and how visibility and performance can be integrated and balanced in practice.
Book
Electron delocalization triggers nonradical Fenton-like catalysis over spinel oxides
Nonradical Fenton-like catalysis offers opportunities to overcome the low efficiency and secondary pollution limitations of existing advanced oxidation decontamination technologies, but realizing this on transition metal spinel oxide catalysts remains challenging due to insufficient understanding of their catalytic mechanisms. Here, we explore the origins of catalytic selectivity of Fe–Mn spinel oxide and identify electron delocalization of the surface metal active site as the key driver of its nonradical catalysis. Through fine-tuning the crystal geometry to trigger Fe–Mn superexchange interaction at the spinel octahedra, ZnFeMnO₄ with high-degree electron delocalization of the Mn–O unit was created to enable near 100% nonradical activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) at unprecedented utilization efficiency. The resulting surface-bound PMS* complex can efficiently oxidize electron-rich pollutants with extraordinary degradation activity, selectivity, and good environmental robustness to favor water decontamination applications. Our work provides a molecule-level understanding of the catalytic selectivity and bimetallic interactions of Fe–Mn spinel oxides, which may guide the design of low-cost spinel oxides for more selective and efficient decontamination applications.
Journal Article
How world-class universities affect global higher education : influences and responses
World-class universities, commonly recognized as global research universities or flagship universities, are cornerstone institutions embedded in any academic system and play an important role in developing a nation?s competitiveness in the global knowledge economy. The development of world-class universities is high on the policy agenda of various stakeholders across the globe. In the past few years, an increasing number of nations, regions and higher education institutions in both developed and developing countries have joined the same race for academic excellence and have adopted a range of development strategies and implemented various reforms. From a comparative perspective, How World-Class Universities Affect Global Higher Education intends to provide an in-depth picture of excellence initiatives and relevant policies adopted in various nations and regions, and to reflect opportunities and challenges of developing excellence.
Book
Lactate‐induced protein lactylation: A bridge between epigenetics and metabolic reprogramming in cancer
Lactate is not only an endpoint of glycolysis but is gradually being discovered to play the role of a universal metabolic fuel for energy via the ‘lactate shuttle’ moving between cells and transmitting signals. The glycolytic‐dependent metabolism found in tumours and fast‐growing cells has made lactate a pivotal player in energy metabolism reprogramming, which enables cells to obtain abundant energy in a short time. Moreover, lactate can provide favourable conditions for tumorigenesis by shaping the acidic tumour microenvironment, recruiting immune cells, etc. and the recently discovered lactate‐induced lactylation moves even further on pro‐tumorigenesis mechanisms of lactate production, circulation and utilization. As with other epigenetic modifications, lactylation can modify histone proteins to alter the spatial configuration of chromatin, affect DNA accessibility and regulate the expression of corresponding genes. What's more, the degree of lactylation is inseparable from the spatialized lactate concentration, which builds a bridge between epigenetics and metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review the important role of lactate in energy reprogramming, summarize the latest finding of lactylation in tumorigenesis and try to explore therapeutic strategies in oncotherapy that can kill two birds with one stone.
Journal Article
Population aging and trends of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in the elderly
Background
To explore population aging and the epidemic trend of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the elderly, and provide a basis for the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly.
Methods
We collected clinical information of 239,707 newly active PTB patients in Shandong Province from 2005 to 2017. We analyzed and compared the clinical characteristics, reported incidence and temporal trend of PTB among the elderly group (≥60 years) and the non-elderly group (< 60 years) through logistic model and Join-point regression model.
Results
Among the total PTB cases, 77,192(32.2%) were elderly. Compared with non-elderly patients, newly active elderly PTB patients account for a greater proportion of male cases (OR 1.688, 95% CI 1.656–1.722), rural population cases (OR 3.411, 95% CI 3.320–3.505) and bacteriologically confirmed PTB cases (OR 1.213, 95%CI 1.193–1.234). The annual reported incidence of total, elderly, pulmonary bacteriologically confirmed cases were 35.21, 68.84, 35.63 (per 100,000), respectively. The annual reported incidence of PTB in the whole population, the elderly group and the non-elderly group has shown a slow downward trend since 2008. The joinpoint regression model showed that the overall reported incidence of PTB in the elderly significantly decreased from 2007 to 2017 (APC = -5.3,
P
< 0.05). The reported incidence of bacteriologically confirmed PTB among elderly patients declined rapidly from 2005 to 2014(2005–2010 APC = -7.2%,
P
< 0.05; 2010–2014 APC = -22.6%,
P
< 0.05; 2014–2017 APC = -9.0%,
P
= 0.1). The reported incidence of clinically diagnosed PTB among elderly patients from 2005 to 2017 (11.48–38.42/100,000) increased by about 235%. It rose significantly from 2007 to 2014 (APC = 9.4,
P
<0.05).
Conclusions
Compared with the non-elderly population, the reported incidence of PTB in the elderly population is higher. The main burden of PTB will shift to the elderly, men, rural population, and clinically diagnosed patients. With the intensification of aging, more researches on elderly PTB prevention and treatment will facilitate the realization of the global tuberculosis (TB) control targets.
Journal Article