Explore the vast range of titles available.

Autophagy plays a crucial role in virus-host interactions, as viral components and particles can be degraded by the host’s autophagic machinery. Additionally, some viruses can hijack autophagy for their own benefit. However, the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of autophagy by arboviruses in insect vectors remain largely unexplored. In this study, we found that rice dwarf virus (RDV) infection activates the autophagy pathway in the leafhopper vector, Nephotettix cincticeps , and this autophagy activation also facilitates viral infection in the leafhopper. We identified that MYC transcription factor regulates the expression of autophagy proteins ATG5 and ATG8 by directly targeting their promoters. A transcription regulator SMARCB1 binds to MYC and impedes its recognition of the ATG5 and ATG8 promoters, thus negatively regulating their expression. Moreover, NcSMARCB1 negatively regulates ATG5 expression by directly binding to its promoter. RDV major outer capsid protein P8 blocks the nuclear translocation of SMARCB1, disrupting the SMARCB1-MYC interaction and thereby relieving the transcriptional inhibition of ATG5 and ATG8, which leads to autophagy activation. Furthermore, major outer capsid protein P8 of rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), same to RDV belonging to plant reoviruses, also interacts with SMARCB1 in leafhopper Recilia dorsalis , preventing its nuclear translocation. Similarly, suppression of SMARCB1 expression enhances autophagy formation and promotes RGDV infection. These findings highlight the critical role of insect vector SMARCB1 and MYC in regulating autophagy in response to arbovirus infection.

Co-infection with symbiotic viruses and arboviruses with synergistic effects in insect vectors are common in nature, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we identify a novel symbiotic virus, leafhopper Recilia dorsalis bunyavirus (RdBV), which enhances the transmission efficiency of cytorhabdovirus rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV, a plant rhabdovirus) in field. RSMV infection activates the expression of R. dorsalis E3 ubiquitin ligase Seven in absentia (RdSina), while RdBV infection suppresses its expression. We show that RdSina directly targets and mediates the degradation of RSMV phosphoprotein (P), thereby attenuating the formation of P-induced viroplasm that are crucial for viral replication. RdSina interacts with nonstructural protein NSs2 of RdBV but does not mediate its ubiquitination. However, NSs2 competes with RSMV P for binding to RdSina, thus neutralizing RdSina’s ability in mediating P degradation. Furthermore, we find that the MYC transcription factor binds to the promoter sequences of RdSina, activating its transcription. However, NSs2 also directly binds to the same promoter sequences of RdSina and competitively suppresses MYC-activated RdSina transcription. Together, NSs2 obstructs the function of RdSina in mediating P degradation, ultimately promoting RSMV propagation in co-infected vectors. These findings elucidate how insect symbiotic viruses negatively regulate E3 ubiquitin ligases to benefit arbovirus transmission by co-infected insect vectors, which potentially is a common phenomenon in nature.

Efficient control over lanthanide luminescence by regulating excitations offers a real-time and reversible luminescence-managing strategy, which is of great importance and highly desirable for various applications, including multicolor display and information encryption. Herein, we studied the crystal structure, luminescence properties, and mechanisms of undoped and Tb3+/Eu3+-doped CaZrO3 in detail. The intrinsic purple-blue luminescence from host CaZrO3 and the introduced green/red luminescence from guest dopants Tb3+/Eu3+ were found to have different excitation mechanisms and, therefore, different excitation wavelength ranges. This enables the regulation of luminescent color through controlling the excitation wavelengths of Tb3+/Eu3+-doped CaZrO3. Furthermore, preliminary applications for information encryption with these materials were demonstrated using portable UV lamps of 254 and 302 nm. This study not only promotes the development of multicolor luminescence regulation in fixed-composition materials, but also advances the practical applications of lanthanide luminescent materials in visually readable, high-level anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.

Insufficient epigenetic reprogramming of donor nuclei is believed to be one of the most important causes of low development efficiency of mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT）. Previous studies have shown that both the in vitro and in vivo development of mouse SCNT embryos could be increased significantly by treat- ment with various histone deacetylase inhibitors （HDACi）, including Trichostatin A, Scriptaid, and m-carboxycin- namic acid bishydroxamide （CBHA）, in which only the effect of CBHA has not yet been tested in other species. In this paper we examine the effect of CBHA treatment on the development of porcine SCNT embryos. We have dis- covered the optimum dosage and time for CBHA treat- ment： incubating SCNT embryos with 2 pmol/L CBHA for 24 h after activation could increase the blastocyst rate from 12.7% to 26.5%. Immunofluorescence results showed that the level of acetylation at histone 3 lysine 9 （AcH3K9）, acetylation at histone 3 lysine 18 （AcH3K18）, and acetylation at histone 4 lysine 16 （AcH4K16） was raised after CBHA treatment. Meanwhile, CBHA treatment improved the expression of development relating genes such as pou5fl, cdx2, and the imprinted genes like igf2. Despite these promising in vitro results and histone reprogramming, the full term development was notsignificantly increased after treatment. In conclusion, CBHA improves the in vitro development of pig SCNT embryos, increases the global histone acetylation and corrects the expression of some developmentally important genes at early stages. As in mouse SCNT, we have shown that nuclear epigenetic reprogramming in pig early SCNT embryos can be modified by CBHA treatment.

In recent years, along with the rapid development of relevant biological fields, there has been a tremendous motivation to combine molecular imprinting technology (MIT) with biosensing. In this situation, bioprobes and biosensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have emerged as a reliable candidate for a comprehensive range of applications, from biomolecule detection to drug tracking. Unlike their precursors such as classic immunosensors based on antibody binding and natural receptor elements, MIPs create complementary cavities with stronger binding affinity, while their intrinsic artificial polymers facilitate their use in harsh environments. The major objective of this work is to review recent MIP bioprobes and biosensors, especially those used for biomolecules and drugs. In this review, MIP bioprobes and biosensors are categorized by sensing method, including optical sensing, electrochemical sensing, gravimetric sensing and magnetic sensing, respectively. The working mechanism(s) of each sensing method are thoroughly discussed. Moreover, this work aims to present the cutting-edge structures and modifiers offering higher properties and performances, and clearly point out recent efforts dedicated to introduce multi-sensing and multi-functional MIP bioprobes and biosensors applicable to interdisciplinary fields.

Yingbin Liu, Yun Liu, Hui Wang and colleagues perform whole-exome and targeted gene sequencing of gallbladder carcinoma. They identify recurrent somatic alterations in components of the ErbB signaling pathway and show that these alterations are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Individuals with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), the most aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract, have a poor prognosis. Here we report the identification of somatic mutations for GBC in 57 tumor-normal pairs through a combination of exome sequencing and ultra-deep sequencing of cancer-related genes. The mutation pattern is defined by a dominant prevalence of C>T mutations at TCN sites. Genes with a significant frequency (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) of non-silent mutations include TP53 (47.1%), KRAS (7.8%) and ERBB3 (11.8%). Moreover, ErbB signaling (including EGFR , ERBB2 , ERBB3 , ERBB4 and their downstream genes) is the most extensively mutated pathway, affecting 36.8% (21/57) of the GBC samples. Multivariate analyses further show that cases with ErbB pathway mutations have a worse outcome ( P = 0.001). These findings provide insight into the somatic mutational landscape in GBC and highlight the key role of the ErbB signaling pathway in GBC pathogenesis.

To meet the design and evaluation requirements of underwater vision-based docking localization, a Webots-based simulation platform for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) visual docking localization was designed and implemented to address the high cost of real sea trials, uncontrollable operating conditions, and the difficulty of systematically covering extreme scenarios. An end-to-end simulation of the docking localization pipeline was provided. Visual components—including fiducial markers, underwater illumination and imaging, and occlusion—were modeled in relatively fine detail, while non-vision-dominant factors such as propulsion and hydrodynamics were treated with approximate models to balance visual realism and simulation efficiency. The platform supported multiple types of visual markers, parameterized configuration of underwater lighting and turbidity, and the generation of diverse occlusion scenarios, enabling unified integration and benchmarking of docking localization algorithms. The results showed that the platform offered tunable scene parameters, repeatable conditions, and broad algorithm compatibility, and it effectively revealed performance differences across algorithms for complex combinations of illumination, turbidity, and occlusion. These capabilities reduced the risk and cost of real underwater docking experiments and supported faster iterative improvement of vision-based localization methods.

Chinese elderly healthcare services face problems of poor service quality, difficulty in eliminating hidden quality risks, and inadequate government supervision, primarily due to information asymmetry and insufficient supervision among providers, users, and regulatory bodies. The study addresses two key questions: How does information asymmetry influence private sector strategies in elderly healthcare public–private partnership (PPP), and what regulatory models can overcome the potential shortcomings? The study examines the influence of information asymmetry, particularly on \"experience\" and \"credence,\" crucial for governance and service quality in elderly healthcare PPPs in China. By developing the novel methodology of evolutionary game theory and employing MATLAB simulations, this study analyzes private sector behavior under two distinct regulatory models. The research findings reveal a significant disparity, under the traditional \"single\" model; private sectors often prioritize low-quality services driven by self-interest or inadequate penalties, while the collaborative model incentivizes them to deliver higher-quality services influenced by factors such as public participation, reputational incentives, and penalties. Therefore, the paper proposed a multifaceted regulatory model based on strengthening third-party evaluation mechanisms, encouraging public participation, and refining reward and penalty systems. This proposed model will not only significantly contribute to regulatory effectiveness and quality services within elderly healthcare PPP projects, but will also serve as a reference point for government decision-makers responsible for quality services within PPP projects.

This paper introduces an innovative artificial neural networks-based analytical solver for fractional partial differential equations (fPDEs), combining neural networks (NNs) with symbolic computation. Leveraging the powerful function approximation ability of NNs and the exactness of symbolic methods, our approach achieves notable improvements in both computational speed and solution precision. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated through four numerical examples, with results visualized using three-dimensional surface plots, contour mappings, and density distributions. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework successfully derives exact solutions for fPDEs without relying on data samples. This research provides a novel methodological framework for solving fPDEs, with broad applicability across scientific and engineering fields.

Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) has been considered the only curative treatment for metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and some locally advanced gallbladder cancers (GBCs). However, HPD has not yet been included in treatment guidelines as a standard surgical procedure in consideration of its morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of HPD in treating biliary malignancies. The medical records of 57 patients with advanced biliary cancer undergoing HPD from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrospectively retrieved. A case-control analysis was conducted at our department. Patients with advanced GBC who underwent HPD (HPD-GBC group) were compared with a control group (None-HPD-GBC group). Baseline characteristics, preoperative treatments, tumor pathologic features, operative results, and prognosis were assessed. Thirteen patients with cholangiocarcinoma and 44 patients with GBC underwent HPD at our department. Significant postoperative complications (grade III or greater) and postoperative pancreatic fistula were observed in 24 (42.1%) and 15 (26.3%) patients, respectively. One postoperative death occurred in the present study. Overall survival (OS) was longer in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma than in those with GBC (median survival time [MST], 31 months vs . 11 months; P   <  0.001). In the subgroup analysis of patients with advanced GBC, multivariate analysis demonstrated that T4 stage tumors ( P  = 0.012), N2 tumors ( P  = 0.001), and positive margin status ( P  = 0.004) were independently associated with poorer OS. Patients with either one or more prognostic factors exhibited a shorter MST than patients without those prognostic factors ( P  < 0.001). HPD could be performed with a relatively low mortality rate and an acceptable morbidity rate in an experienced high- volume center. For patients with advanced GBC without an N2 or T4 tumor, HPD can be a preferable treatment option.