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Narrative mapping, an advanced geographic information visualization technology, presents spatial information episodically, enhancing readers’ spatial understanding and event cognition. However, during 3D scene construction, viewpoint selection is heavily reliant on the cartographer’s subjective interpretation of the event. Even with fixed-angle settings, the task of ensuring that selected viewpoints align with the narrative theme remains challenging. To address this, an automated viewpoint selection method constrained by narrative relevance and visual information is proposed. Narrative relevance is determined by calculating spatial distances between each element and the thematic element within the scene. Visual information is quantified by assessing the visual salience of elements as the ratio of their projected area on the view window to their total area. Pearson’s correlation coefficient is used to evaluate the relationship between visual salience and narrative relevance, serving as a constraint to construct a viewpoint fitness function that integrates the visual salience of the convex polyhedron enclosing the scene. The chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm is utilized to locate the viewpoint position while maximizing the fitness function, identifying a viewpoint meeting narrative and visual salience requirements. Experimental results indicate that, compared to the maximum projected area method and fixed-value method, a higher viewpoint fitness is achieved by this approach. The narrative views generated by this method were positively recognized by approximately two-thirds of invited professionals. This process aligns effectively with narrative visualization needs, enhances 3D narrative map creation efficiency, and offers a robust strategy for viewpoint selection in 3D scene-based narrative mapping.

Region of interest (ROI) recommendation is essential for delivering personalized suggestions and optimizing resource allocation. This process involves analyzing users’ historical check-in data within location networks, which helps capture spatial activity preferences and predict regional movement patterns. To address challenges such as the limited diversity in behavioral distances between user regions, the lack of spatio-temporal correlation in non-contiguous regions, and an inadequate understanding of the variety of user preferences, we examine these preferences from three perspectives: spatio-temporal, social, and category. We then propose a multi-dimensional adaptive fusion method for personalized ROI recommendation. Firstly, the spatial intervals between potential ROIs are calculated by incorporating the shortest paths from geographic maps, directionality preferences, and regional activity patterns. These spatial intervals are then combined with time intervals to derive spatio-temporal preferences, utilizing a two-layer attention mechanism. Next, the social preferences are determined by assessing the influence of social connections and the impact of social networks on the likelihood of a user visiting a region, using a convolutional neural network. In addition, category features are extracted from the users’ historical check-in trajectories, and category preferences are calculated by evaluating the semantic similarity between the Point of Interest (POI) categories and user category features within a region using a multi-layer perceptron. Finally, an adaptive weighting model is introduced to integrate the spatio-temporal, social, and category preferences, assigning individual preference weights to different users to facilitate personalized ROI recommendation. We evaluated the proposed method using Foursquare and Sina Weibo datasets, in conjunction with the state-of-the-art baseline models. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly enhances the critical performance metrics, including Recall, F1-score, and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG).

Background The residents of both the agricultural and pastoral areas of Tibet share the same iodine deficiency and iodine nutrition, but the rate of thyroid goiter was significantly higher in the agricultural areas than in the pastoral areas. This project sought to determine why the populations in the iodine-deficient pastoral areas show a lower rate of thyroid goiter. Methods Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24 h history recalls were adopted to investigate the dietary patterns of the residents of the agricultural and pastoral areas. Meat and milk samples were collected to measure their inorganic iodine, total iodine and thyroid hormone contents using ICP-MS, As III -Ce 4+ catalytic spectrophotometry and the Siemens’ chemiluminescence method, respectively. The intake of protein, and the microelements, selenium and iron, was calculated according to their content in the food. Results The per capita daily intake of meat, dairy, and cereal in the pastoral areas was 116.7, 216.7, and 433.3 g, respectively, which are significantly higher than those in the agricultural areas (50.0, 72.2, and 375.0 g, respectively) ( p < 0.05). The content of thyroid hormone in dried beef and milk in the pastoral areas was 62.6 and 13.5 μg/kg, respectively, which was significantly higher than those in the agricultural areas (25.1 and 4.1 μg/kg, respectively) ( p < 0.05). The daily intake of thyroid hormone, protein and microelements, selenium and iron from foods by the residents of the pastoral areas were 10.5 μg, 99.6 g, 30.0 μg and 15.8 mg respectively, which was significantly higher than those in the agricultural areas (1.79 μg, 56.5 g, 23.8 μg and 13.2 mg, respectively) ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The significantly high intake of the food-borne thyroid hormone by the residents of the pastoral area could be the main reason the residents in the pastoral areas show a lower rate of thyroid goiter than those in the agricultural area. Moreover, the relatively high intake of protein and trace elements, selenium and iron by residents in the pastoral area could be another important factor for reducing the goiter rates.

Amino acid metabolism is essential for cell survival, while the byproduct ammonia is toxic and can injure cellular longevity. Here we show that CD8 + memory T (T M ) cells mobilize the carbamoyl phosphate (CP) metabolic pathway to clear ammonia, thus promoting memory development. CD8 + T M cells use β-hydroxybutyrylation to upregulate CP synthetase 1 and trigger the CP metabolic cascade to form arginine in the cytosol. This cytosolic arginine is then translocated into the mitochondria where it is split by arginase 2 to urea and ornithine. Cytosolic arginine is also converted to nitric oxide and citrulline by nitric oxide synthases. Thus, both the urea and citrulline cycles are employed by CD8 + T cells to clear ammonia and enable memory development. This ammonia clearance machinery might be targeted to improve T cell-based cancer immunotherapies. Ammonia detoxification is generally thought to occur exclusively in the liver. Here the authors show that ammonia detoxification via the urea and citrulline cycles is utilized by memory CD8 + T cells to maintain the longevity.

Zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) has been shown to be a major sulfur intermediate in the deep-sea cold seep of the South China Sea based on our previous work, however, the microbial contribution to the formation of ZVS in cold seep has remained unclear. Here, we describe a novel thiosulfate oxidation pathway discovered in the deep-sea cold seep bacterium Erythrobacter flavus 21–3, which provides a new clue about the formation of ZVS. Electronic microscopy, energy-dispersive, and Raman spectra were used to confirm that E. flavus 21–3 effectively converts thiosulfate to ZVS. We next used a combined proteomic and genetic method to identify thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) and thiosulfohydrolase (SoxB) playing key roles in the conversion of thiosulfate to ZVS. Stoichiometric results of different sulfur intermediates further clarify the function of TsdA in converting thiosulfate to tetrathionate ( − O 3 S–S–S–SO 3 − ), SoxB in liberating sulfone from tetrathionate to form ZVS and sulfur dioxygenases (SdoA/SdoB) in oxidizing ZVS to sulfite under some conditions. Notably, homologs of TsdA, SoxB, and SdoA/SdoB widely exist across the bacteria including in Erythrobacter species derived from different environments. This strongly indicates that this novel thiosulfate oxidation pathway might be frequently used by microbes and plays an important role in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle in nature.

Water ice becomes a superionic phase under the high pressure and temperature conditions of deep planetary interiors of ice planets such as Neptune and Uranus, which affects interior structures and generates magnetic fields. The solid Earth, however, contains only hydrous minerals with a negligible amount of ice. Here we combine high pressure and temperature electrical conductivity experiments, Raman spectroscopy and first-principles simulations to investigate the state of hydrogen in the pyrite-type FeO2Hx (x ≤ 1), which is a potential H-bearing phase near the core–mantle boundary. We find that when the pressure increases beyond 73 GPa at room temperature, symmetric hydroxyl bonds are softened and the H+ (or proton) becomes diffusive within the vicinity of its crystallographic site. Increasing temperature under pressure, the diffusivity of hydrogen is extended beyond the individual unit cell to cover the entire solid, and the electrical conductivity soars, indicating a transition to the superionic state, which is characterized by freely moving protons and a solid FeO2 lattice. The highly diffusive hydrogen provides fresh transport mechanisms for charge and mass, which dictate the geophysical behaviours of electrical conductivity and magnetism, as well as geochemical processes of redox, hydrogen circulation and hydrogen isotopic mixing in Earth’s deep mantle.Under conditions of Earth’s deep lower mantle, hydrogen ions diffuse freely through the FeOOH lattice framework and electrical conductivity increases rapidly, according to electrical conductivity experiments and first-principles simulations.

Background Early assessment of the risk of nonunion in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is beneficial to early clinical decision making. However, a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for OVCF nonunion is lacking. Methods We conducted a case–control study to investigate risk factors for OVCF nonunion. Patients who underwent surgery for nonunited OVCFs between January 2011 and December 2021 were eligible for inclusion as cases. Patients with successful OVCF healing confirmed by MRI over the same period were identified as controls. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and fasting blood test data were extracted for analysis. Results A total of 201 patients with nonunited OVCFs and 1044 controls were included to evaluate the risk factors for nonunited OVCFs. There were statistically significant differences in sex, age, number of patients with hypertension, number of patients on bed rest after OVCF and T-score of BMD between the two groups. Logistic regression showed that female patients had a higher risk of OVCF nonunion than male patients and that smoking, drinking, diabetes, and hypertension were risk factors for nonunion of OVCFs, while bed rest and spinal support were protective factors against nonunion of OVCFs. We also found that age, BMD, FBG, and β-CTX were positively correlated with nonunited OVCFs, and that HGB and 1,25-(OH)2VitD3 level were negatively correlated with nonunited OVCFs. Conclusion Smoking, drinking, diabetes and hypertension were risk factors for nonunion of OVCFs, while bed rest and spinal support were protective factors against nonunion of OVCFs. Age, BMD, FBG and β-CTX were positively correlated with nonunited OVCFs, while HGB and 1,25-(OH)2VitD3 level were negatively correlated with nonunited OVCFs. Based on the results of our study, we suggest that bed rest or spinal support for at least 3 consecutive weeks is necessary to reduce the risk of OVCFs nonunion.

The Shendong mining area, a pivotal coal production base in China, faces considerable challenges due to extensive mining activities. The significant development of overlying rock fractures and the widespread occurrence of surface cracks present a major challenge to mining safety and ecological preservation in China and other mining nations. This study focuses on the Panel 12,401 fully mechanized longwall face at Shangwan Coal Mine to systematically investigate overburden movement and the evolution of surface fractures. By combining UDEC discrete element modeling with a computational framework that links subsurface strata subsidence and surface settlement, this research examines the spatial and mechanical properties of fracture propagation. Experimental results show that surface fractures continue to develop as the working face advances, with their horizontal apertures gradually decreasing and eventually closing after the face passes. Both the maximum surface subsidence and the maximum fracture aperture exhibit a strong positive correlation with mining height. In contrast, increased mining depth leads to reductions in maximum surface subsidence, the subsidence factor, and the size of surface fracture apertures. These findings provide a theoretical basis for reducing mining-induced damage and promoting ecological restoration in mining areas.

Majority of Mn4+ activated oxide phosphors have the wavelength of excitation and emission suitable for acceleration of plant growth as light converter from sunlight to deep red. Here, it is observed that 60% increase of red emission of Sr4Al14O25:0.01Mn4+ is found by substituting 0.1Ga3+. It is clarified that the increase is originated from a unique mechanism of breaking parity forbidden transition under the substitution of cation in d–d transition by using the tool of special aberration corrected transmission electron microscope(AC‐STEM), pre‐edge peak (1s→3d) Mn K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), Rietveld analysis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and reflection spectra. Further, a combination of substituted Ga, Mg, and special double flux H3BO3/AlF3 is found to tremendously increase the emission intensity (355% up). Actual growth of chlorella and rose is examined by a combination of the cheap Sr4Al14O25:0.01Mn4+,0.007Mg2+,0.1Ga3+ and a unique reflection typed phosphor‐film system as sunlight converting system. Optical density of chlorella and height of rose grass is increased by 36±14% and 174±80% compared with nonphosphor‐film, respectively. An oxide phosphor for plant growth with excellent luminescence is prepared by changing the local structure of the luminescence center by Ga ion substitution method and breaking the mechanism of parity prohibition of conversion. And a new type of highly efficient reflective light conversion film is prepared by mixing it with PDMS to promote plant growth.

BackgroundNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 signaling induce tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, but most patients with NSCLC exhibit resistance to ICIs therapy. NSCLC shapes the potent tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) that underlies tumor immune tolerance and acquired resistance. Therefore, elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which NSCLC establishes and sustains the TIME is essential for developing novel strategies to overcome immune resistance and enhance the clinical benefit of ICIs.MethodsThe correlation between sterile alpha motif domain and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) expression and ICIs was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Cell migration assay was performed to assess the effect of SAMHD1 on macrophage recruitment. Multicolor flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effect of SAMHD1 knockdown on the tumor microenvironment. SAMHD1 regulation of the dual specificity phosphatase 6-extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (DUSP6-ERK1/2) pathway was verified by RNA sequencing and western blotting.ResultsHere, we identify the SAMHD1 as a potential therapeutic target and a major determinant of poor response to ICIs in patients with NSCLC. Tumors with high SAMHD1 expression show resistance to anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD-1) treatment, whereas tumors with low SAMHD1 expression are highly sensitive. SAMHD1-dependent resistance to αPD-1 is characterized by increased tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration and reduced CD8+T cell numbers. Mechanistically, SAMHD1 regulates the expression of macrophage-associated chemokines by influencing the activation of the DUSP6-ERK1/2 pathway, which contributes to TAMs aggregation within NSCLC tumors to shape an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The HIV accessory protein viral protein-x (VPX) specifically degrades SAMHD1 to promote HIV replication. Similarly, the vpx-engineered oncolytic adenovirus (oAd-vpx) targets SAMDH1 degradation to enhance oncolytic adenovirus replication and weaken the hostile immune microenvironment shaped by TAMs, thereby triggering a CD8+T-cell-dependent antitumor immune response. The combination of oAd-vpx and αPD-1 inhibits tumor growth and enhances sensitivity to ICIs in both mouse and human NSCLC.ConclusionsThis research identifies a key mechanism of SAMHD1-driven immunosuppression and highlights its important role in oncolytic adenovirus therapy. This study provides a theoretical basis for targeting SAMHD1 as a drug therapy strategy in patients with NSCLC.