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"Liu, W"
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Association between boarding in the emergency department and in-hospital mortality: A systematic review
Boarding in the emergency department (ED) is a critical indicator of quality of care for hospitals. It is defined as the time between the admission decision and departure from the ED. As a result of boarding, patients stay in the ED until inpatient beds are available; moreover, boarding is associated with various adverse events.
The objective of our systematic review was to determine whether ED boarding (EDB) time is associated with in-hospital mortality (IHM).
A systematic search was conducted in academic databases to identify relevant studies. Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsychInfo were searched. We included all peer-reviewed published studies from all previous years until November 2018. Studies performed in the ED and focused on the association between EDB and IHM as the primary objective were included. Extracted data included study characteristics, prognostic factors, outcomes, and IHM. A search update in PubMed was performed in May 2019 to ensure the inclusion of recent studies before publishing.
From the initial 4,321 references found through the systematic search, the manual screening of reference lists and the updated search in PubMed, a total of 12 studies were identified as eligible for a descriptive analysis. Overall, six studies found an association between EDB and IHM, while five studies showed no association. The last remaining study included both ICU and non-ICU subgroups and showed conflicting results, with a positive association for non-ICU patients but no association for ICU patients. Overall, a tendency toward an association between EDB and IHM using the pool random effect was observed.
Our systematic review did not find a strong evidence for the association between ED boarding and IHM but there is a tendency toward this association. Further well-controlled, international multicenter studies are needed to demonstrate whether this association exists and whether there is a specific EDB time cut-off that results in increased IHM.
Journal Article
Topological states in a ladder-like optical lattice containing ultracold atoms in higher orbital bands
Topological insulators are classified according to their symmetries. Discovery of them in electronic solids is thus restricted by orbital and crystalline symmetries available in nature. Synthetic quantum matter, such as the recent double-well optical lattices loaded with
s
and
p
orbital ultracold atoms, can exploit symmetries and interaction beyond natural conditions. Here we unveil a topological phase of interacting fermionic atoms on a two-leg ladder derived from the above experimental optical lattice by dimension reduction. The topological band structure originates from the staggered phases of
sp
orbital tunnelling, requiring neither spin–orbit coupling nor other known mechanisms like
p
-wave pairing, artificial gauge field or rotation. Upon crossing over to two-dimensional coupled ladders, the edge modes from individual ladder form a parity-protected flat band at zero energy. Experimental signatures are found in density correlations and phase transitions to trivial band and Mott insulators.
Arrays of ultracold gas atoms trapped in an optical lattice can mimic many of the behaviours of conventional matter and give rise to exotic quantum states of matter as well. Li
et al
. suggest that a system of atoms in a two-legged ladder-like lattice could exhibit topological insulator and topological superconductor states.
Journal Article
Synthetic glycolate metabolism pathways stimulate crop growth and productivity in the field
In some of our most useful crops (such as rice and wheat), photosynthesis produces toxic by-products that reduce its efficiency. Photorespiration deals with these by-products, converting them into metabolically useful components, but at the cost of energy lost. South et al. constructed a metabolic pathway in transgenic tobacco plants that more efficiently recaptures the unproductive by-products of photosynthesis with less energy lost (see the Perspective by Eisenhut and Weber). In field trials, these transgenic tobacco plants were ∼40% more productive than wild-type tobacco plants. Science , this issue p. eaat9077 ; see also p. 32 Tobacco plants carrying engineered glycolate metabolic pathways showed as much as 40% greater productivity than wild-type plants in field trials. Photorespiration is required in C 3 plants to metabolize toxic glycolate formed when ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase oxygenates rather than carboxylates ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. Depending on growing temperatures, photorespiration can reduce yields by 20 to 50% in C 3 crops. Inspired by earlier work, we installed into tobacco chloroplasts synthetic glycolate metabolic pathways that are thought to be more efficient than the native pathway. Flux through the synthetic pathways was maximized by inhibiting glycolate export from the chloroplast. The synthetic pathways tested improved photosynthetic quantum yield by 20%. Numerous homozygous transgenic lines increased biomass productivity between 19 and 37% in replicated field trials. These results show that engineering alternative glycolate metabolic pathways into crop chloroplasts while inhibiting glycolate export into the native pathway can drive increases in C 3 crop yield under agricultural field conditions.
Journal Article
Genetic alterations and their clinical implications in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia
A number of patient-specific and leukemia-associated factors are related to the poor outcome in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, comprehensive studies regarding the impact of genetic alterations in this group of patients are limited. In this study, we compared relevant mutations in 21 genes between AML patients aged 60 years or older and those younger and exposed their prognostic implications. Compared with the younger patients, the elderly had significantly higher incidences of
PTPN11
,
NPM1
,
RUNX1
,
ASXL1
,
TET2
,
DNMT3A
and
TP53
mutations but a lower frequency of
WT1
mutations. The older patients more frequently harbored one or more adverse genetic alterations. Multivariate analysis showed that
DNMT3A
and
TP53
mutations were independent poor prognostic factors among the elderly, while
NPM1
mutation in the absence of
FLT3
/ITD was an independent favorable prognostic factor. Furthermore, the status of mutations could well stratify older patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics into three risk groups. In conclusion, older AML patients showed distinct genetic alterations from the younger group. Integration of cytogenetics and molecular mutations can better risk-stratify older AML patients. Development of novel therapies is needed to improve the outcome of older patients with poor prognosis under current treatment modalities.
Journal Article
Cell cycle regulation of the psoriasis associated gene CCHCR1 by transcription factor E2F1
The coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1) was first identified as a candidate gene in psoriasis and has lately been found to be associated with a wide range of clinical conditions including COVID-19. CCHCR1 is located within P-bodies and centrosomes, but its exact role in these two subcellular structures and its transcriptional control remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that CCHCR1 shares a bidirectional promoter with its neighboring gene, TCF19 . This bidirectional promoter is activated by the G1/S-regulatory transcription factor E2F1, and both genes are co-induced during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. A luciferase reporter assay suggests that the short intergenic sequence, only 287 bp in length, is sufficient for the G1/S induction of both genes, but the expression of CCHCR1 is further enhanced by the presence of exon 1 from both TCF19 and CCHCR1 . This research uncovers the transcriptional regulation of the CCHCR1 gene, offering new perspectives on its function. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of diseases associated with CCHCR1 and may serve as a foundational benchmark for future research in these vital medical fields.
Journal Article
Uptake of Toxic Heavy Metals by Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivated in the Agricultural Soil near Zhengzhou City, People's Republic of China
Higher accumulation of toxic heavy metals in rice grown in agricultural soil may lead to health disorder. A field experiment was carried out to investigate uptake and translocation of Cd, Cr, Pb, As, and Hg by different parts of rice plant in various irrigation regions. The results showed the rice grain contained significantly lower amounts of five metals than straw and root in all sampling sites. Rice root accumulated Cd, As, and Hg from the paddy soil. Moreover, the rice plant transported As very weakly, whereas Hg was transported most easily into the straw and grain among studied heavy metals.
Journal Article
Solution Phosphorus‐31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Soils from 2005 to 2013: A Review of Sample Preparation and Experimental Parameters
Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy is an important tool for the study of soil P and has significantly advanced our knowledge of soil P forms, particularly organic P; however, it must be used correctly to provide meaningful results. This review covers the 31P NMR studies of soil published from 2005 to 2013. The first part discusses preparing samples for 31P NMR, including extractants, pre‐ and post‐extraction treatments, the physical state of the soil sample at the time of extraction, extraction length, the soil/extractant ratio, P recovery, P in residues, methods to concentrate extracts, redissolving samples for 31P NMR experiments, the use of the internal standard methylene diphosphonic acid, and the potential for degradation with any of these steps. The second part of this review focuses on NMR experiment parameters, including delay times, proton decoupling, and experiment length. Potential concerns in these areas are noted, and suggestions are given for procedures to optimize the information obtained from a 31P NMR experiment.
Journal Article
Nonlinear Bragg scattering of surface waves over a two-dimensional periodic structure
Bragg scattering of nonlinear surface waves over a wavy bottom is studied using two-dimensional fully nonlinear numerical wave tanks (NWTs). In particular, we consider cases of high nonlinearity which lead to complex wave generation and transformations, hence possible multiple Bragg resonances. The performance of the NWTs is well verified by benchmarking experiments. Classic Bragg resonances associated with second-order triad interactions among two surface (linear incident and reflected waves) and one bottom wave components (class I), and third-order quartet interactions among three surface (linear incident and reflected waves, and second-order reflected/transmitted waves) and one bottom wave components (class III) are observed. In addition, class I Bragg resonance occurring for the second-order (rather than linear) transmitted waves, and Bragg resonance arising from quintet interactions among three surface and two bottom wave components, are newly captured. The latter is denoted class IV Bragg resonance which magnifies bottom nonlinearity. It is also found that wave reflection and transmission at class III Bragg resonance have a quadratic rather than a linear relation with the bottom slope if the bottom size increases to a certain level. The surface wave and bottom nonlinearities are found to play opposite roles in shifting the Bragg resonance conditions. Finally, the results indicate that Bragg resonances are responsible for the phenomena of beating and parasitic beating, leading to a significantly large local free surface motion in front of the depth transition.
Journal Article
All-silicon quantum light source by embedding an atomic emissive center in a nanophotonic cavity
Silicon is the most scalable optoelectronic material but has suffered from its inability to generate directly and efficiently classical or quantum light on-chip. Scaling and integration are the most fundamental challenges facing quantum science and technology. We report an all-silicon quantum light source based on a single atomic emissive center embedded in a silicon-based nanophotonic cavity. We observe a more than 30-fold enhancement of luminescence, a near-unity atom-cavity coupling efficiency, and an 8-fold acceleration of the emission from the all-silicon quantum emissive center. Our work opens immediate avenues for large-scale integrated cavity quantum electrodynamics and quantum light-matter interfaces with applications in quantum communication and networking, sensing, imaging, and computing.
The use of silicon for integrated quantum photonic technologies is currently hindered by the lack of suitable on-demand quantum light sources. Here, the authors fill this gap by demonstrating the creation of single atomic emissive centers in silicon and their efficient coupling with nanophotonic cavities.
Journal Article