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Motivated by unique topological semimetals in condensed matter physics, we propose an effective Hamiltonian with four degrees of freedom to describe evolutions of photonic double Weyl nodal line semimetals in one-dimensional hyper-crystals, which supports the energy bands translating or rotating independently in the form of Weyl quasiparticles. Especially, owing to the unit cells without inversion symmetry, a pair of reflection-phase singularities carrying opposite topological charges emerge near each nodal line, and result in a unique bilateral drumhead surface state. After reducing radiation leakages and absorption losses, these two singularities gather together gradually, and form a quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) ring at the nodal line ultimately. Our work not only reports the first realization of controllable photonics Weyl nodal line semimetals, establishes a bridge between two independent topological concepts−BICs and Weyl semimetals, but also heralds new possibilities for unconventional device applications, such as dual-mode schemes for highly sensitive sensing and switching. One-dimensional photonic crystals provide a platform to modulate Weyl quasiparticles with properties of bound states in the continuum both dynamically (transition and rotation) and topologically (singularities in bilateral drumhead surface states).

Background Adolescent depression is becoming one of the major public health concerns, because of its increased prevalence and risk of significant functional impairment and suicidality. Clinical depression commonly emerges in adolescence; therefore, the prevention and intervention of depression at this stage is crucial. Recent evidence supports the importance of the gut microbiota (GM) in the modulation of multiple functions associated with depression through the gut-brain axis (GBA). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to screen the microbiota out from healthy and depressive adolescents, delineate the association of the targeted microbiota and the adolescent depression, address the salutary effects of the targeted microbiota on anti-depressive behaviors in mice involving the metabolism of the tryptophan (Trp)-derived neurotransmitters along the GBA. Results Here, we found the gut microbiota from healthy adolescent volunteers, first diagnosis patients of adolescent depression, and sertraline interveners after first diagnosis displayed significant difference, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium , Roseburia , Collinsella , Blautia , Phascolarctobacterium , Lachnospiraceae-unclassified decreased in adolescent depressive patients, while restored after sertraline treatment. Of note, the Roseburia abundance exhibited a high efficiency in predicting adolescent depression. Intriguingly, transplantation of the fecal microbiota from healthy adolescent volunteers to the chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced adolescent depressed mice significantly ameliorated mouse depressive behaviors, in which the Roseburia exerted critical roles, since its effective colonization in the mouse colon resulted in remarkably increased 5-HT level and reciprocally decreased kynurenine (Kyn) toxic metabolites quinolinic acid (Quin) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) levels in both the mouse brain and colon. The specific roles of the Roseburia were further validated by the target bacteria transplantation mouse model, Roseburia intestinalis ( Ri .) was gavaged to mice and importantly, it dramatically ameliorated CRS-induced mouse depressive behaviors, increased 5-HT levels in the brain and colon via promoting tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) or -1 (TPH1) expression. Reciprocally, Ri. markedly restrained the limit-step enzyme responsible for kynurenine (indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase 1, IDO1) and quinolinic acid (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3,4-dioxygenase, 3HAO) generation, thereby decreased Kyn and Quin levels. Additionally, Ri . administration exerted a pivotal role in the protection of CRS-induced synaptic loss, microglial activation, and astrocyte maintenance. Conclusions This study is the first to delineate the beneficial effects of Ri . on adolescent depression by balancing Trp-derived neurotransmitter metabolism and improving synaptogenesis and glial maintenance, which may yield novel insights into the microbial markers and therapeutic strategies of GBA in adolescent depression. 5cVo2w5j9eyh76CmRyRzSQ Video Abstract

Optical information transmission is vital in modern optics and photonics due to its concurrent and multi-dimensional nature, leading to tremendous applications such as optical microscopy, holography, and optical sensing. Conventional optical information transmission technologies suffer from bulky optical setup and information loss/crosstalk when meeting scatterers or obstacles in the light path. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally realize the simultaneous manipulation of the coherence lengths and coherence structures of the light beams with the disordered metasurfaces. The ultra-robust optical information transmission and self-reconstruction can be realized by the generated partially coherent beam with modulated coherence structure even 93% of light is recklessly obstructed during light transmission, which brings new light to robust optical information transmission with a single metasurface. Our method provides a generic principle for the generalized coherence manipulation on the photonic platform and displays a variety of functionalities advancing capabilities in optical information transmission such as meta-holography and imaging in disordered and perturbative media.We propose a scheme for simultaneous manipulation of the coherence lengths and coherence structures of the light beams with the disordered metasurfaces, which further carry ultra-robust optical information.

Traditional optical lenses and the corresponding imaging systems, which are based on the optical paths when light propagates inside the bulky media, usually suffer from the bulky size, Abbe-Rayleigh diffraction restricted resolution, and limited responses to different kinds of incident light. Recently, the burgeoning development of metasurfaces comprised of artificial micro- or nano-structures at the subwavelength scale has drawn more and more attentions of the scientific community due to the intriguing abilities such as efficient light-matter interactions and multi-dimensional manipulation of optical waves, which provide profound potentials to realize functional metalens with an ultrahigh numerical aperture (NA) and with super-resolution focal spots on a compact size. Here, the research motivations, the broad outline and the recent advances of planar diffractive metalens are summarized, including the principles of metalens design, the basic components of metalens, and the development of metalens systems. Various approaches to remove the focusing aberrations are presented, which is the essential condition to realize metalens objectives and microscopy. Different types of novel metalenses are revealed, such as label-free sub-resolution metalens, nonlinear metalens, artificial intelligence-aided metalens, multifunctional metalens and reconfigurable metalens. Challenges and future goals are also presented at the end the review.

Over the past few decades, metasurfaces have revolutionized conventional bulky optics by providing an effective approach to manipulate optical waves at the subwavelength scale. This advancement holds great potential for compact, multifunctional, and reconfigurable optical devices. Notably, metasurfaces constructed with anisotropic nanostructures have exhibited remarkable capability in manipulating the polarization state of optical waves. Furthermore, they can be employed to achieve independent control of the amplitude and phase of optical waves in different polarization channels. This capability has garnered significant attention from the photonics community due to its unprecedented potential for polarization-selective and -multiplexed optical wave manipulation, offering versatile applications in optical imaging, communication, and detection. This paper reviews the design principles, representative works, and recent advancements in anisotropic nanostructures for optical polarization manipulation, detection, as well as polarization-selective and -multiplexed optical wave manipulation. Personal insights into further developments in this research area are provided.

Chirality is a nearly ubiquitous natural phenomenon. Its minute presence in most naturally occurring materials makes it incredibly difficult to detect. Recent advances in metasurfaces indicate that they exhibit devisable chirality in novel forms; this finding offers an effective opening for studying chirality and its features in such nanostructures. These metasurfaces display vast possibilities for highly sensitive chirality discrimination in biological and chemical systems. Here, we show that two-layer metasurfaces based on twisted nanorods can generate giant spin-selective transmission and support engineered chirality in the near-infrared region. Two designed metasurfaces with opposite spin-selective transmission are proposed for treatment as enantiomers and can be used widely for spin selection and enhanced chiral sensing. Specifically, we demonstrate that the chirality in these proposed metasurfaces can be adjusted effectively by simply changing the orientation angle between the twisted nanorods. Our results offer simple and straightforward rules for chirality engineering in metasurfaces and suggest intriguing possibilities for the applications of such metasurfaces in spin optics and chiral sensing.

In practical scenarios, the advanced intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) technology of gearboxes is urgently needed. Recently, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have shown good application effects in fault diagnosis. However, they still face two major technical challenges: (1) Noise-polluted vibration signals increase the difficulty of precise IFD; (2) CNNs can only capture local data features and cannot extract global features. To deal with these challenges, this study proposes a multiscale pyramidal convolutional attention network (MPCANet) for the IFD of gearboxes. MPCANet can extract pyramid-type features, endowing it with strong noise robustness. In addition, multiple attention mechanism methods are employed in MPCANet. These methods enable the network to capture local and globle features of input data simultaneously, further improving feature richness. Two fault diagnosis experimental cases on wind turbine gearboxes are conducted, and the indicator values of the average diagnostic accuracy, recall, and F1 score for MPCANet are 99.71 %, 99.70 %, and 99.70 % in case I and 99.19 %, 99.20 %, and 99.19 % in case II; these values are better than those of other multiscale models. Furthermore, a noise robustness experiment shows that the proposed approach can work effectively in various noisy environments.

Although the appropriateness of hospital utilization of adults and the elderly in China was audited by several studies, the appropriateness of hospital use by children in Shanghai remains to be determined. This study aims to assess the level of inappropriate hospital admissions and hospital days, to detect factors associated with inappropriateness, and to elucidate reasons for inappropriateness. A retrospective review of the records of 291 admissions and 1449 hospital days of children inpatients from a secondary hospital in Shanghai was performed by two reviewers using the Chinese version Pediatric Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (C-PAEP). Demographics, socio-economic characteristics, and other admission- or hospital stay-related information were collected and analyzed to determine factors associated with inappropriateness utilizing multivariate regression models. 38.5% (n = 112) of admissions and 9.5% (n = 137) of hospital days were categorized as inappropriate, according to the C-PAEP. Children who were non-Shanghai residents (p < 0.001), admitted through the emergency sector (p = 0.030), and/or received services in a surgical ward (p < 0.001) had a higher risk of being admitted inappropriately. Payment method (p = 0.006), service type (p < 0.001), comorbidity (p = 0.016), length of stay (p = 0.007), and appropriateness of admission (p < 0.001) were found to be associated with prevalence of inappropriate hospital days. Approximately three-fourths of the inappropriate admissions were premature admissions (75.9%, n = 85). The most frequent reasons for inappropriate hospital days were awaiting test results (34.3%, n = 47), awaiting surgery (19.7%, n = 27), awaiting test execution (10.9%, n = 15), and family unprepared for home care (10.9%, n = 15). Although the extent of inappropriate hospital days was moderate compared with that found by previous investigations, the prevalence of inappropriateness of admission was considerable. To enhance the appropriateness of hospital care for children, interventions could be implemented according to the associated factors and identified causes.

Background In order to make optimal long-term care-related decisions, it is important to take a societal perspective. Shanghai is one of the pilot cities of social long-term care insurance in China. However, little knowledge exists about the economic value of the informal care provided to dependent elderly people in China. This paper aims to evaluate the economic value of informal caregiving in Shanghai using the contingent valuation method by their least-preferred care tasks, and identify the associated factors of willingness-to-pay (WTP) and willingness-to-accept (WTA) of the informal caregivers. Methods This study employed the contingent valuation method to elicit 371 informal caregivers’ WTP and WTA for 1 hour of reduction or increase of least-preferred caring tasks in Shanghai. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the associated factors with the WTP and WTA values. Results The average WTP and WTA were 25.31 CNY and 38.66 CNY, respectively. The associated factors with WTP include caregiver’s income and caregiver’s relationship to the recipient. Care recipient’s age, income, least-preferred task by the caregiver, and subscales of Caregiver Reaction Assessment were found to be associated with WTA. The non-responsiveness rates were 26.1 and 33.2% for WTP and WTA questions, respectively. Conclusions The findings of the current study demonstrated that decision-makers and researchers should take the economic valuation results of informal care into account to make more informed and effective long-term care-related policies and analyses.

Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been proved to play crucial roles in the development of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of circGLIS3 involved in gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. Methods The higher expression level of circGLIS3 was identified in GC through RNA sequencing and subsequent tissue verification using Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A series of functional experiments in vitro and in vivo were performed to evaluated the effects of circGLIS3 on tumor growth and metastasis in GC. The interaction and regulation of circGLIS3/miR-1343-3p/PGK1 axis was confirmed by RNA pulldown, western blot, and rescue experiments. RIP and western blot were performed to demonstrate the role of circGLIS3 in regulating phosphorylation of VIMENTIN. We then used qRT-PCR and co culture system to trace circGLIS3 transmission via exosomal communication and identify the effect of exosomal circGLIS3 on gastric cancer and macrophages. Finally, RIP experiments were used to determine that EIF4A3 regulates circGLIS3 expression. Results CircGLIS3(hsa_circ_0002874) was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and high circGLIS3 expression was associated with advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in GC patients. We discovered that overexpression of circGLIS3 promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and in vivo, while suppression of circGLIS3 exhibited the opposite effect. Mechanistically, circGLIS3 could sponge miR-1343-3p and up-regulate the expression of PGK1 to promote GC tumorigenesis. We also found that circGLIS3 reduced the phosphorylation of VIMENTIN at ser 83 site by binding with VIMENTIN. Moreover, it was proven that exosomal circGLIS3 could promote gastric cancer metastasis and the M2 type polarization of macrophages. In the final step, the mechanism of EIF4A3 regulating the generation of circGLIS3 was determined. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that circGLIS3 promotes GC progression through sponging miR-1343-3p and regulating VIMENTIN phosphorylation. CircGLIS3 is a potential therapeutic target for GC patients.