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يتناول هذا الكتاب الأحداث التي وقعت في الفترة التاريخية المعروفة باسم \"عصر الدول المتحاربة\" (475 - 221ق.م) ويركز على المناورات والخطط والآراء المنسوبة إلى رجال البلاط وقادة القصور والمفكرين والفلاسفة السياسيين الذين أسسوا اتجاها فكريا سمى بي \"تسون هنغ\" أي مدرسة المناورات السايسية وهو ما أوحى إلى شيانغ بعنوان كتابه إنها فترة مهمة من تاريخ الصين.
Book
Neutrino masses and mixing from double covering of finite modular groups
A
bstract
We extend the even weight modular forms of modular invariant approach to general integral weight modular forms. We find that the modular forms of integral weights and level
N
can be arranged into irreducible representations of the homogeneous finite modular group
Γ
N
′
which is the double covering of Γ
N
. The lowest weight 1 modular forms of level 3 are constructed in terms of Dedekind eta-function, and they transform as a doublet of
Γ
3
′
≅
T′
. The modular forms of weights 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are presented. We build a model of lepton masses and mixing based on
T′
modular symmetry.
Journal Article
Managing the protein folding demands in the endoplasmic reticulum of plants
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs in plants during certain developmental stages or under adverse environmental conditions, as a result of the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER. To minimize the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, a protein quality control (PQC) system monitors protein folding and eliminates misfolded proteins through either ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) or autophagy. ER stress elicits the unfolded protein response (UPR), which enhances the operation in plant cells of the ER protein folding machinery and the PQC system. The UPR also reduces protein folding demands in the ER by degrading mRNAs encoding secretory proteins. In plants subjected to severe or chronic stress, UPR promotes programmed cell death (PCD). Progress in the field in recent years has provided insights into the regulatory networks and signaling mechanisms of the ER stress responses in plants. In addition, novel physiological functions of the ER stress responses in plants for coordinating plant growth and development with changing environment have been recently revealed.
Journal Article
The role of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases with high morbidity and mortality. It has become the fifth most burdened and the third most deadly disease in the global economy and increases year by year. The prevention and treatment of COPD are urgent. Smoking is the main and most common risk factor for COPD. Cigarette smoke (CS) contains a large number of toxic substances, can cause a series of changes in the trachea, lung tissue, pulmonary blood vessels, and promotes the occurrence and development of COPD. In recent years, the development of epigenetics and molecular biology have provided new guidance for revealing the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. The latest research indicates that pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis initiates and participates in the pathogenesis of COPD. In this review, we summarize the current research on the epigenetic mechanisms and molecular biology of CS-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in COPD, providing a new research direction for pathogenesis of COPD and a new target for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COPD.
Journal Article
Essential Role of Granulosa Cell Glucose and Lipid Metabolism on Oocytes and the Potential Metabolic Imbalance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Granulosa cells are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of bidirectional communication among oocytes. Various intercellular material exchange modes, including paracrine and gap junction, are used between them to achieve the efficient delivery of granulosa cell structural components, energy substrates, and signaling molecules to oocytes. Glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism are two basic energy metabolism pathways in granulosa cells; these are involved in the normal development of oocytes. Pyruvate, produced by granulosa cell glycolysis, is an important energy substrate for oocyte development. Granulosa cells regulate changes in intrafollicular hormone levels through the processing of steroid hormones to control the development process of oocytes. This article reviews the material exchange between oocytes and granulosa cells and expounds the significance of granulosa cells in the development of oocytes through both glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. In addition, we discuss the effects of glucose and lipid metabolism on oocytes under pathological conditions and explore its relationship to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A series of changes were found in the endogenous molecules and ncRNAs that are related to glucose and lipid metabolism in granulosa cells under PCOS conditions. These findings provide a new therapeutic target for patients with PCOS; additionally, there is potential for improving the fertility of patients with PCOS and the clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction.
Journal Article
Sensing of Arbitrary-Frequency Fields Using a Quantum Mixer
Quantum sensors such as spin defects in diamond have achieved excellent performance by combining high sensitivity with spatial resolution. Unfortunately, these sensors can only detect signal fields with frequency in a few accessible ranges, typically low frequencies up to the experimentally achievable control field amplitudes and a narrow window around the sensors’ resonance frequency. Here, we develop and demonstrate a technique for sensing arbitrary-frequency signals by using the sensor qubit as a quantum frequency mixer, enabling a variety of sensing applications. The technique leverages nonlinear effects in periodically driven (Floquet) quantum systems to achieve quantum frequency mixing of the signal and an applied bias ac field. The frequency-mixed field can be detected using well-developed sensing techniques such as Rabi and CPMG with the only additional requirement of the bias field. We further show that the frequency mixing can distinguish vectorial components of an oscillating signal field, thus enabling arbitrary-frequency vector magnetometry. We experimentally demonstrate this protocol with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond to sense a 150-MHz signal field, proving the versatility of the quantum mixer sensing technique.
Journal Article
Low‐complexity unsupervised learning‐based hybrid precoding for massive MIMO systems
Hybrid precoding can significantly reduce the number of required radio frequency (RF) chains in massive MIMO systems. However, due to the large number of antennas and the high‐dimensional channel, the existing hybrid precoding algorithms usually require very high complexity. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based hybrid precoding scheme by utilizing unsupervised learning to reduce both the computational complexity and space complexity. Specifically, we first design a low‐complexity CNN structure to achieve the analog precoder, where the size of the convolution kernel and the number of channels are reduced by the further improved inception network. Then, we obtain the digital precoder by the classical zero‐forcing (ZF) algorithm. Simulation results show that, the proposed CNN‐based hybrid precoding can approach the sum‐rate performance of the classical two‐stage hybrid precoding but has much lower complexity. This paper proposes a low‐complexity hybrid precoding scheme by utilizing a convolutional neural network (CNN) for massive MIMO systems. Specifically, the proposed CNN structure inspired by the inception network can achieve the analog precoder with lower computational complexity and space complexity.
Journal Article