Explore the vast range of titles available.

Cognitive bias modification (CBM), a set of techniques for modifying bias in information processing-is considered a novel intervention for social anxiety disorder (SAD), which has drawn considerable interest from researchers. However, the effects of CBM on SAD are not consistent. Some studies have demonstrated significant positive effects compared to control groups, while others have found no such effects. We conducted a meta-analysis aimed at quantitatively assessing the effects of CBM on SAD at post-test. Through a systematic literature search by two independent raters, 34 articles (36 randomized studies) including 2,550 participants were identified. A multilevel modeling approach was employed to assess the effects of CBM on SAD, and to explore the potentially crucial procedures and sample characteristics that enhance the effectiveness of benign training. In general, there were small but significant effects of CBM on the primary symptoms of SAD (g = 0.17), cognitive bias (CB) toward threat (g = 0.32), and reactivity in stressful situations (g = 0.25), but non-significant effects on secondary symptoms. However, the interpretation modification program was more effective than was attentional bias modification in reducing SAD primary symptoms and negative CB. Laboratory training procedures produced larger primary symptom reductions compared to Internet-based training, whereas the percentage of contingency and feedback about training performance boosted cognitive effects only. Finally, the following groups were more likely to benefit from CBM: younger participants (primary symptoms and cognitive effects), women (primary symptom effects), and samples with stronger CB (stressor effects). The quality of the randomized controlled trials was less than desirable, as there was some indication of publication bias in our study. Current findings broadly supported cognitive theories of SAD that consider a bidirectional or mutually reinforcing relationship between symptoms and CBs. However, the small therapeutic effect observed here indicates that it is necessary to develop more reliable and efficient CBM interventions that are specific to SAD.

Background The ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) has been reported to play an oncogenic role in breast cancer (BRCA). This work further investigates the effect of UBE3C on the radioresistance of BRCA cells. Methods Molecules linking to radioresistance in BRCA were identified by analyzing two GEO datasets, GSE31863 and GSE101920. UBE3C overexpression or knockdown was induced in parental or radioresistant BRCA cells, followed by irradiation treatment. The malignant properties of cells in vitro, and the growth and metastatic activity of cells in nude mice, were analyzed. Downstream target proteins, as well as upstream transcriptional regulators of UBE3C, were predicted by bioinformatics tools. Molecular interactions were confirmed by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. Furthermore, artificial alterations of TP73 and FOSB were induced in the BRCA cells for functional rescue assays. Results According to bioinformatics analyses, UBE3C expression was linked to radioresistance in BRCA. UBE3C knockdown in radioresistant BRCA cells reduced while its overexpression in parental BRCA cells increased the radioresistance of cells in vitro and in vivo. UBE3C, which induced ubiquitination-dependent protein degradation of TP73, was transcriptionally activated by FOSB. The radioresistance of cancer cells was blocked by TP73 overexpression or FOSB knockdown. Additionally, LINC00963 was found to be responsible for the recruitment of FOSB to the UBE3C promoter for transcription activation. Conclusion This work demonstrates that LINC00963 induces nuclear translocation of FOSB and the consequent transcription activation of UBE3C, which enhances radioresistance of BRCA cells by inducing ubiquitination-dependent protein degradation of TP73. Graphical Abstract

New research has shown that the development of osteoarthritis (OA) is regulated by different mechanisms of cell death and types of cytokines. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism of action among various cytokines, cell death processes and OA is important towards better understanding the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of OA in relation to different types of cytokine-triggered cell death. We describe the cell morphological features and molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, and summarize the current research findings defining the molecular mechanisms of action between different cell death types and OA.

Timely and rapidly mapping impervious surface area (ISA) and monitoring its spatial-temporal change pattern can deepen our understanding of the urban process. However, the complex spectral variability and spatial heterogeneity of ISA caused by the increased spatial resolution poses a great challenge to accurate ISA dynamics monitoring. This research selected Jinan City as a case study to boost ISA mapping performance through integrating the dual-attention CBAM module, SE module and focal loss function into the Deeplabv3+ model using Sentinel-2 data, and subsequently examining ISA spatial-temporal evolution using the generated annual time-series ISA data from 2017 to 2021. The experimental results demonstrated that (a) the improved Deeplabv3+ model achieved satisfactory accuracy in ISA mapping, with Precision, Recall, IoU and F1 values reaching 82.24%, 92.38%, 77.01% and 0.87, respectively. (b) In a comparison with traditional classification methods and other state-of-the-art deep learning semantic segmentation models, the proposed method performed well, qualitatively and quantitatively. (c) The time-series analysis on ISA distribution revealed that the ISA expansion in Jinan City had significant directionality from northeast to southwest from 2017 to 2021, with the number of patches as well as the degree of connectivity and aggregation increasing while the degree of fragmentation and the complexity of shape decreased. Overall, the proposed method shows great potential in generating reliable times-series ISA data and can be better served for fine urban research.

SIRT7, a sirtuin family member implicated in aging and disease, is a regulator of metabolism and stress responses. It remains elusive how human somatic stem cell populations might be impacted by SIRT7. Here, we found that SIRT7 expression declines during human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aging and that SIRT7 deficiency accelerates senescence. Mechanistically, SIRT7 forms a complex with nuclear lamina proteins and heterochromatin proteins, thus maintaining the repressive state of heterochromatin at nuclear periphery. Accordingly, deficiency of SIRT7 results in loss of heterochromatin, de-repression of the LINE1 retrotransposon (LINE1), and activation of innate immune signaling via the cGAS-STING pathway. These agingassociated cellular defects were reversed by overexpression of heterochromatin proteins or treatment with a LINE1 targeted reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. Together, these findings highlight how SIRT7 safeguards chromatin architecture to control innate immune regulation and ensure geroprotection during stem cell aging.

Salmonella Typhimurium establishes systemic infection by replicating in host macrophages. Here we show that macrophages infected with S . Typhimurium exhibit upregulated glycolysis and decreased serine synthesis, leading to accumulation of glycolytic intermediates. The effects on serine synthesis are mediated by bacterial protein SopE2, a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector encoded in pathogenicity island SPI-1. The changes in host metabolism promote intracellular replication of S . Typhimurium via two mechanisms: decreased glucose levels lead to upregulated bacterial uptake of 2- and 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate (carbon sources), while increased pyruvate and lactate levels induce upregulation of another pathogenicity island, SPI-2, known to encode virulence factors. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of host glycolysis, activation of host serine synthesis, or deletion of either the bacterial transport or signal sensor systems for those host glycolytic intermediates impairs S . Typhimurium replication or virulence. Salmonella Typhimurium establishes systemic infection by replicating in host macrophages. Here, Jiang et al. show that infected macrophages exhibit upregulated glycolysis and decreased serine synthesis, leading to accumulation of glycolytic intermediates that promote intracellular replication and virulence of S . Typhimurium.

The ecological environment of Yellow River Delta High-efficiency Ecological Economic Zone (YRDHEEZ) is adjacent to the Bohai Sea. The unique geographical location makes it highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. As an important land surface biophysical parameter, the impervious surface area (ISA) can characterize the level of urbanization and measure the intensity of human activities, and hence, the timely understanding of ISA dynamic changes is of great significance to protect the ecological safety of the YRDHEEZ. Based on the multi-source and multi-modal Sentinel-1/2 remotely sensed data provided by Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform, this study developed a novel approach for the extraction of time-series ISA in the YRDHEEZ through a combination of random forest algorithm and numerous representative features extracted from Sentinel-1/2. Subsequently, we revealed the pattern of the ISA spatial-temporal evolution in this region over the past five years. The results demonstrated that the proposed method has good performance with an average overall accuracy of 94.84% and an average kappa coefficient of 0.9393, which verified the feasibility of the proposed method for large-scale ISA mapping with 10 m. Spatial-temporal evolution analysis revealed that the ISA of the YRDHEEZ decreased from 5211.39 km2 in 2018 to 5147.02 km2 in 2022 with an average rate of −16.09 km2/year in the last 5 years, suggesting that the ISA of YRDHEEZ has decreased while its overall pattern was not significantly changed over time. The presented workflow can provide a reference for large-scale ISA mapping and its evolution analysis, especially in regions on estuarine deltas.

Ferritin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis in macrophages, has been reported to confer host defenses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) was recently identified as a cargo receptor in ferritin degradation. Here, we show that Mtb infection enhanced NCOA4-mediated ferritin degradation in macrophages, which in turn increased the bioavailability of iron to intracellular Mtb and therefore promoted bacterial growth. Of clinical relevance, the upregulation of FTH1 in macrophages was associated with tuberculosis (TB) disease progression in humans. Mechanistically, Mtb infection enhanced NCOA4-mediated ferritin degradation through p38/AKT1- and TRIM21-mediated proteasomal degradation of HERC2, an E3 ligase of NCOA4. Finally, we confirmed that NCOA4 deficiency in myeloid cells expedites the clearance of Mtb infection in a murine model. Together, our findings revealed a strategy by which Mtb hijacks host ferritin metabolism for its own intracellular survival. Therefore, this represents a potential target for host-directed therapy against tuberculosis.

Measuring regional differences in agricultural green total factor productivity (AGTFP) provides a basis for policy guidance on agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. By constructing a two-period Malmquist–Luenberger index under the carbon emission constraint, we measure the AGTFP of cities in the YRD region from 2001 to 2019. Furthermore, adopting the Moran index method and the hot spot analysis method, this paper analyzes the global spatial correlation and local spatial correlation of AGTFP in this region. Moreover, we investigate its spatial convergence. The results show that the AGTFP of 41 cities in the YRD region is on an increasing trend; the growth of AGTFP in the eastern cities is mainly driven by green technical efficiency, while this growth in the southern cities is mainly stimulated by green technical efficiency and green technological progress. We also find a significant spatial correlation between cities’ AGTFP in the YRD region from 2001 to 2019, but with certain fluctuations, showing a U-shaped trend of \"strong-weak-strong\". In addition, absolute β convergence of the AGTFP exists in the YRD region, and this convergence speed is accelerated with the addition of spatial factors. This evidence provides support for implementing the regional integration development strategy and optimizing the regional agricultural spatial layout. Our findings offer implications for promoting the transfer of green agricultural technology to the southwest of the YRD region, strengthening the construction of agricultural economic belts and agricultural economic circles, and improving the efficiency of agricultural resource use.

Background Inmate suicide is a serious problem faced by society. Evidence shows that nature exposure is closely related to the mental health of inmates, yet its relationship with suicidal tendency remains unclear. Our study explores the relationship between nature exposure and suicidal tendency among inmates by establishing a moderated mediation model. Methods We conducted a survey from May to June 2022 in six Chinese prisons, utilizing tools including the Nature Exposure Scale, the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Suicide Orientation Subscale, and the Prison Group Climate Instrument, resulting in the collection of 1048 valid data. The study employed path analysis, implementing linear regression via the PROCESS program, to assess the mediation and moderation effects within our study variables. Results This study found that loneliness mediates the relationship between nature exposure and suicidal tendency among inmates. Additionally, the group atmosphere played a moderating role. Specifically, the more positive the group atmosphere in prisons, the better the mitigating effect of nature exposure on loneliness, and the weaker the promoting effect of loneliness on suicidal tendency. Conclusions Our findings offer valuable perspectives on mitigating suicide among prison populations. Prisons should consider increasing natural elements in inmates’ living, working, and activity spaces, and regularly evaluate and intervene in their loneliness. Additionally, improving the group atmosphere within the prison can help alleviate suicidal tendency.