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Electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction is a promising alternative to the energy-intensive and high-pollution anthraquinone oxidation process. However, developing advanced electrocatalysts with high H 2 O 2 yield, selectivity, and durability is still challenging, because of the limited quantity and easy passivation of active sites on typical metal-containing catalysts, especially for the state-of-the-art single-atom ones. To address this, we report a graphene/mesoporous carbon composite for high-rate and high-efficiency 2e − oxygen reduction catalysis. The coordination of pyrrolic-N sites -modulates the adsorption configuration of the *OOH species to provide a kinetically favorable pathway for H 2 O 2 production. Consequently, the H 2 O 2 yield approaches 30 mol g −1 h −1 with a Faradaic efficiency of 80% and excellent durability, yielding a high H 2 O 2 concentration of 7.2 g L −1 . This strategy of manipulating the adsorption configuration of reactants with multiple non-metal active sites provides a strategy to design efficient and durable metal-free electrocatalyst for 2e − oxygen reduction. A graphene/mesoporous carbon composite presents rapid and efficient H2O2 electrosynthesis capability by two-electron oxygen reduction catalysis which is facilitated by the presence of multiple pyrrolic nitrogen dopants within the material.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new human infectious disease. The etiology for this outbreak is a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus far, related research on COVID-19 is still in preliminary stage. This paper summarized the latest outcomes of corresponding study from Chinese centers and clarified the hematopoietic abnormality caused by SARS-CoV-2 and potential mechanism. Lymphopenia was common in the early stage after the onset of COVID-19. A significant decrease was observed in peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. As the illness progressed, neutrophilia emerged in several cases, and patients with severe critical pulmonary conditions showed higher neutrophils than common type. Thrombocytopenia was resulting from the consumption and/or the reduced production of platelets in damaged lungs. Anemia was not observed notably, but the decrease in hemoglobin was frequent. The activation of monocyte-macrophage system aggravates the immune damage of lung and other tissues, which leads to the increase of D-dimer, prothrombin time, and platelet consumption.

Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) gradients influence South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) strength. Middle Miocene proxy records show reversed Arabian Sea zonal gradients (warmer west than east) and reduced Indian Ocean meridional gradients compared to today—patterns coupled models cannot reproduce, hindering accurate SASM simulation. To assess these impacts, we conducted three prescribed‐SST experiments with mid‐Miocene boundary conditions: a control using coupled‐model SSTs and two cases imposing reversed zonal and reduced meridional gradients based on proxy‐derived SSTs. Reversed zonal gradients decreased SASM rainfall; reduced meridional gradients showed minimal impact. Since most mid‐Miocene simulations with modern‐like zonal SST gradients overestimate Indian precipitation, capturing zonal gradients is critical for reducing model–data discrepancies. These zonal gradient shifts from reversed mid‐Miocene toward modern‐like late mid‐Miocene conditions, likely driven by high‐latitude cooling, represent key precursors to the modern SASM. Model biases in simulating warm‐climate polar amplification likely underlie their inability to reproduce Miocene monsoon transitions.

From the perspective of ecology, traditional English teaching in colleges and universities is an ecologically balanced system. After a long time of running, each ecological factor in this ecosystem slowly reaches a relatively compatible and stable state. However, with the development of information technology and the leap of people’s thought, English teaching in higher education is constantly reformed. These changes will inevitably lead to the corresponding changes in traditional teaching objectives, models, teaching materials, courses, and other factors, thus breaking the original ecological balance and causing many imbalance phenomena. From the perspective of ecology of education, this paper discusses the deep causes of the imbalance in the ecosystem of college English teaching, and then puts forward the optimization strategy. By advocating the collaborative development of teachers and students, the college English teaching ecosystem of foreign language talent training can be developed soundly.

Zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) have garnered increasing attention as promising energy storage devices in recent years, as they combine the advantages of high‐energy Zn‐ion batteries and high‐power supercapacitors. However, the development of ZHSCs is still in its infancy and there are many bottlenecks to overcome. In particular, the challenge induced by the limited ion adsorption capability of carbon‐positive electrodes severely restricts the energy density of ZHSCs. Therefore, it has become a key issue to design novel carbon‐positive electrodes that enable high energy density yet do not deteriorate the intrinsic power capability and long‐term durability. This study focuses on recent achievements in synthesis, morphology, and electrochemical performance of various carbon materials applied in ZHSCs. The modification strategies to optimize their electrochemical performance are briefly summarized. In addition, current challenges and future opportunities in this field are also outlined. This review will be beneficial to provide an organized framework for the research systems of carbon‐positive electrodes and develop novel ZHSCs with high energy density. This review provides an overview on the recent progress of carbon materials as positive electrodes in zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors. The electrochemical performance of different types of carbon materials is compared and the relevant modification strategies are summarized.

Understanding ion transport kinetics and electrolyte-electrode interactions at electrode surfaces of batteries in operation is essential to determine their performance and state of health. However, it remains a challenging task to capture in real time the details of surface-localized and rapid ion transport at the microscale. To address this, a promising approach based on an optical fiber plasmonic sensor capable of being inserted near the electrode surface of a working battery to monitor its electrochemical kinetics without disturbing its operation is demonstrated using aqueous Zn-ion batteries as an example. The miniature and chemically inert sensor detects perturbations of surface plasmon waves propagating on its surface to rapidly screen localized electrochemical events on a sub-μm-scale thickness adjacent to the electrode interface. A stable and reproducible correlation between the real-time ion insertions over charge-discharge cycles and the optical plasmon response has been observed and quantified. This new operando measurement tool will provide crucial additional capabilities to battery monitoring methods and help guide the design of better batteries with improved electro-chemistries.

Zinc (Zn) holds great promise as a desirable anode material for next‐generation rechargeable batteries. However, the uncontrollable dendrite growth and low coulombic efficiency of the Zn plating/stripping process severely impede further practical applications of Zn‐based batteries. Here, these roadblocks are removed by using in situ grown zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) as the ion modulation layer to tune the diffusion behavior of Zn2+ ions on Zn anodes. The well‐ordered nanochannels and N species of ZIF‐8 can effectively homogenize Zn2+ flux distribution and modulate the plating/stripping rate, ensuring uniform Zn deposition without dendrite growth. The Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution are also alleviated by the insulating nature of ZIF‐8, resulting in high coulombic efficiency. Therefore, the Zn@ZIF anode shows highly reversible, dendrite‐free Zn plating/stripping behavior under a broad range of current densities, and a symmetric cell using this anode can work correctly up to 1200 h with a low polarization at 2 mA cm−2. Moreover, this ultrastable Zn@ZIF anode also enables a full Zn ion battery with outstanding cyclic stability (10 000 cycles). Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) is in situ grown on Zn surface as Zn2+ modulation layers to achieve a dendrite‐free Zn plating behavior. Benefiting from the well‐ordered nanochannels and abundant N species, the ZIF‐8 can effectively homogenize Zn2+ flux and moderate plating/stripping rate, contributing to a high‐efficiency and long‐life Zn@ZIF anode.

Wound management is an important issue that places enormous pressure on the physical and mental health of patients, especially in cases of infection, where the increased inflammatory response could lead to severe hypertrophic scars (HSs). In this study, a hydrogel dressing was developed by combining the high strength and toughness, swelling resistance, antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities. The hydrogel matrix was composed of a double network of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and agarose with excellent mechanical properties. Hyperbranched polylysine (HBPL), a highly effective antibacterial cationic polymer, and tannic acid (TA), a strong antioxidant molecule, were added to the hydrogel as functional components. Examination of antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the hydrogel confirmed the full play of the efficacy of HBPL and TA. In the in vivo studies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, the hydrogel had shown obvious promotion of wound healing, and more profoundly, significant suppression of scar formation. Due to the common raw materials and simple preparation methods, this hydrogel can be mass produced and used for accelerating wound healing while preventing HSs in infected wounds. [Display omitted] •A double physical network hydrogel with robust, anti-fatigue and anti-swelling properties was fabricated.•Hydrogel loaded with hyperbranched polylysine and tannic acid exhibited remarkable antibacterial and antioxidant effects.•Hydrogel treatment promoted infected wound healing, reduced inflammation and accelerated vascularization.•Strategies to mitigate bacterial infection and oxidative stress inhibited hypertrophic scars formation.

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) has an annual mean location north of the equator today. The factors determining this location and the evolution to its modern state are actively debated. Here we investigate how the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) influences the ITCZ during the early‐to‐middle Miocene. By conducting a sensitivity study with an open Canadian Arctic Archipelago gateway, we show that North Atlantic Deep‐Water formation strengthens the AMOC, in alignment with Miocene North Atlantic ventilation proxies. A vigorous AMOC increases northward Atlantic Ocean heat transport and cross‐equatorial atmospheric energy transport shifts southwards to compensate, pushing the ITCZ northwards. Our study supports AMOC development as a strong contributor to the ITCZ's northern location today. Existing proxy‐based interpretations of ITCZ history are too sparse to strongly confirm these results. We predict a strong in‐phase relationship between AMOC strength and ITCZ's northward location, which should be testable in high resolution paleoclimate records. Plain Language Summary The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a narrow tropical region where tropical rainfall is concentrated. Its annual mean position is predominantly north of the equator in the modern climate, especially in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans. The position of the ITCZ varies seasonally and over long‐time scales. One hypothesis is that Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) energy transport displaces the ITCZ north of the Equator. We test this hypothesis in a paleoclimate simulation with realistic early‐to‐middle Miocene (20–11.6 million years ago) configurations. By opening the Canadian Arctic Archipelago gateway, a crucial connection between the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic, we find that a strong AMOC transports more heat northward in the ocean, and in compensation, the flow of atmospheric energy across the equator shifts southward, consequently pushing the ITCZ north of the equator. More Miocene proxy records are required to empirically support this model result. Key Points Opening an Arctic Ocean gateway in Miocene climate simulations generates a strong Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and increases northward ocean heat transport To compensate, atmospheric energy transport across the equator shifts southward, pushing the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) north of the equator AMOC strengthening is a mechanism in past warm climates for northward ITCZ shifts

Targeting tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment is a crucial strategy in immunotherapy. However, the critical role of the tumour lymph node (LN) immune microenvironment (TLIME) in the tumour immune homoeostasis is often ignored. Here, we present a nanoinducer, NIL-IM-Lip, that remodels the suppressed TLIME via simultaneously mobilizing T and NK cells. The temperature-sensitive NIL-IM-Lip is firstly delivered to tumours, then directed to the LNs following pH-sensitive shedding of NGR motif and MMP2-responsive release of IL-15. IR780 and 1-MT induces immunogenic cell death and suppress regulatory T cells simultaneously during photo-thermal stimulation. We demonstrate that combining NIL-IM-Lip with anti-PD-1 significantly enhances the effectiveness of T and NK cells, leading to greatly suppressed tumour growth in both hot and cold tumour models, with complete response in some instances. Our work thus highlights the critical role of TLIME in immunotherapy and provides proof of principle to combine LN targeting with immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy. The tumour lymph node microenvironment is an important contributor to the immune suppressiveness of tumours. Here authors target the tumours and the lymph node simultaneously via a pH and photothermal therapy targeted nanoparticle, and show mobilisation of anti-tumour cytotoxic T cells and NK cells and synergistic therapeutic effect with immune checkpoint blockade.