Explore the vast range of titles available.

With the rapid development of global renewable energy, the virtual power plant (VPP), as an emerging power management model, has attracted increasing attention. Traditional manual management is difficult to effectively deal with because of the complexity and uncertainty of the VPP. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology provides new solutions for the VPP to cope with these problems. This review presents the research of AI technology in the VPP. Firstly, the basic concepts and theoretical framework of the VPP are presented. Then, the application of AI technology in VPP functional modules is discussed. Finally, the challenges of the VPP in coping with uncertainty, improving algorithmic interpretability and ensuring data security are pointed out, which provides theoretical support for subsequent research in the field of VPPs.

With the continuous development of underground engineering construction in China, it is particularly important to study the identification of structural plane characteristics of rock masses. In this study, three types of pseudo-rock specimens with structural plane interlayers were fabricated to analyze the patterns of drilling parameter changes in rock bodies with structural planes during the drilling process and to explore the characterization and identification methods of rock body structural planes. Gneiss, granite, and sandstone were used as rock materials, with gypsum mortar as the interlayer material for the structural planes in these three types of specimens. The indoor digital drilling equipment was utilized for conducting indoor digital drilling experiments. The variation patterns of drilling parameters in rock bodies with structural surfaces under different interlayer inclinations and thicknesses were analyzed. The relationship between the ratio of the change in rotational speed and drilling speed during the stable phase of the upper rock mass and the peak torque and peak drilling pressure has been established. The relationship between the structural plane inclination angle and the ratio of change in rotational speed and drilling speed has been determined. By utilizing the variation in these ratios, the impacts of the structural plane inclination angle and the thickness of the structural plane on the peak torque and peak drilling pressure have been elucidated. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the stability evaluation of rock masses with structural planes under drilling action.

This study investigates the resolution of accelerator pedal vibration issues during horn activation in vehicle tuning through finite element analysis combined with real-world test data. For certain facelift models experiencing NVH challenges with pedal vibrations upon horn usage, simulation identified a pedal bracket modal frequency of 355.9 Hz, while experimental vibration transfer function (VTF) measurements from horn to pedal mounting points revealed a resonant peak in acceleration response—suggesting coupling between the horn excitation frequency and pedal bracket modal characteristics. Given the prohibitive cost of modifying production-specification horns or retooling existing pedal bracket molds, this research developed an innovative approach: comparative analysis between experimentally measured and simulated VTF curves was conducted to identify structural stiffness deficiencies along the transmission path from front longitudinal beam horn mounting points to firewall accelerator pedal attachments. Simulation-driven optimization pinpointed design improvements which were subsequently validated through physical testing. Most existing studies focus on the structural optimization of the pedal itself, with little discussion on the influence of accessory mounting points (e.g., horn) on pedal vibration. This study fills this gap and introduces how to select appropriate accessory mounting positions to break the vibration transmission path and reduce pedal-induced vibration at the target frequency. The implemented solution achieved an 88.4% vibration reduction (from 544.8 mm/s 2 to 63.3 mm/s 2 ), with significant subjective improvement in pedal vibration perception during horn operation. This simulation-testing integrated methodology demonstrates substantial cost savings and development cycle acceleration for in-production vehicle NVH refinement.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal instigator of neuroinflammation, with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage as a critical intermediary. This review delineates the intricate pathways leading to mtDNA release, which include membrane permeabilization, vesicular trafficking, disruption of homeostatic regulation, and abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics. The escaped mtDNA activates cytosolic DNA sensors, especially cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cGAS) signalling and inflammasome, initiating neuroinflammatory cascades via pathways, exacerbating a spectrum of neurological pathologies. The therapeutic promise of targeting mtDNA leakage is discussed in detail, underscoring the necessity for a multifaceted strategy that encompasses the preservation of mtDNA homeostasis, prevention of membrane leakage, reestablishment of mitochondrial dynamics, and inhibition the activation of cytosolic DNA sensors. Advancing our understanding of the complex interplay between mtDNA leakage and neuroinflammation is imperative for developing precision therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders.

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (M3-mAChR) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Owing to specific cardioprotective effects, M3-mAChR is an ideal diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Growing evidence has linked M3-mAChR to the development of multiple CVDs, in which it plays a role in cardiac protection such as anti-arrhythmia, anti-hypertrophy, and anti-fibrosis. This review summarizes M3-mAChR’s expression patterns, functions, and underlying mechanisms of action in CVDs, especially in ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure, opening up a new research direction for the treatment of CVDs.

Although an ideal bandgap matching with 0.96 eV and 1.62 eV for a double-junction tandem is hard to realize practically, among all mature photovoltaic systems, Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGSe) can provide the closest bandgap of 1.00 eV for the bottom sub-cell by adjusting its composition. However, pure CuInSe 2 (CISe) solar cell suffers strong interfacial carrier recombination. We hereby present approaches to introduce appropriate Ga gradients in both the back and front parts of absorber while maintaining the absorption spectrum close to CISe. With an appropriate front Ga gradient, the open circuit voltage can be enhanced by ~30 mV. With a pre-deposited CIGSe layer and a high copper excess deposition during absorber growth, the Ga diffusion can be well suppressed and a wide U-shaped Ga grading with a minimum bandgap of 1.01 eV has been created. Our optimized narrow-bandgap CIGSe solar cell has achieved a certified record PCE of 20.26%, with a record-low open circuit voltage deficit of 368 mV and a record-high contribution of 10% absolute efficiency to a four-terminal tandem. This work demonstrates the potential of controlling gallium diffusion to improve the performance of narrow bandgap CIGSe solar cells for tandem applications. Pure CuInSe 2 solar cells suffer from strong interfacial carrier recombination. Here, the authors introduce a wide U-shaped double Ga grading with a minimum bandgap of 1.01 eV and achieve certified device efficiency of 20.26%, making it highly suitable for tandem solar cell applications.

Understanding and optimizing the damping behavior of grouted coal gangue under complex cyclic stress conditions is of significant importance for guiding grouting design, improving mine safety, and enhancing the long-term durability of engineering structures. Triaxial multistage cyclic tests were conducted on artificial specimens with varying confining pressures and particle gradations to elucidate the evolution of damping in grouted coal gangue under cyclic loading. The stress and strain response, as well as the variation of dynamic shear modulus, damping ratio, and damping coefficient with the number of loading cycles, were investigated. The results indicate that the grouted coal gangue exhibits a staged loading and steady cyclic response under multistage cyclic loading, with irrecoverable deformation accumulating progressively with increasing stress levels. Confining pressure enhances the cyclic stability and dynamic stiffness of the specimens by suppressing crack opening and particle slippage, thereby improving skeleton interlocking and load-bearing continuity. Within each stress level, the dynamic shear modulus demonstrates a rapid increase followed by fluctuating evolution trend with cycle number but decreases overall with rising stress. Elastic energy density and energy dissipation density evolve in stages, exhibiting an initial rapid decline followed by gradual attenuation during mid-cycles. The dissipation energy density fluctuating more intensely under high stress levels. The damping ratio and damping coefficient generally decay and converge with increasing cycles and display a negative correlation with the dynamic shear modulus. These findings reveal the coupled effects of confining pressure and particle gradation on the damping characteristics of grouted coal gangue, providing an experimental basis for assessing the stability and fatigue damage of grouted structures under cyclic loads.

Temperature is a key factor influencing the growth and distribution of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, which is of high medicinal value. However, there is little information about the changes in rhizosphere bacterial community of Taxus chinensis var. maire under different temperatures. In this study, the rhizosphere bacterial communities of Taxus chinensis var. maire under a series of temperatures [5°C (T5), 15°C (T15), 25°C (T25), 35°C (T35)] were assessed through high-throughput sequencing. And some taxa annotated as Mitochondria were positively correlated with the activity of SOD. Activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased and decreased respectively with increasing incubation temperature, showing that SOD may be the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying enzyme in Taxus chinensis var. maire under low temperature. Taxus chinensis var. maire enriched specific bacterial taxa in rhizosphere under different temperature, and the rhizosphere bacterial diversity decreased with increasing temperature. The results indicated that rhizosphere bacteria may play important role for Taxus chinensis var. maire in coping with temperature changes, and the management of rhizosphere bacteria in a potential way to increase the cold resistance of Taxus chinensis var. mairei, thus improving its growth under low temperature and enlarging its habitats.

In recent years, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been used as a cell replacement therapy and have been shown to effectively overcome some of the disadvantages of cell therapy. However, the specific mechanism of action of EVs is still unclear, and there is no appropriate system for characterizing the differences in the molecular active substances of EVs produced by cells in different physiological states. We used a data-independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics method to identify and quantify the protein composition of two generations EVs from three different donors and analysed the function and possible mechanism of action of the proteins in EVs of hUC-MSCs via bioinformatics. By comparative proteomic analysis, we characterized the different passages EVs. Furthermore, we found that adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit alpha 1 (AP2A1) and adaptor-related protein complex 2 subunit beta 1 (AP2B1) in hUC-MSC-derived EVs may play a significant role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle signalling pathway. Our work provides a direction for batch-to-batch quality control of hUC-MSC-derived EVs and their application in AD treatment.

Severe upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding in children is an uncommon but severe condition, with neonatal cases being rare. Herein, we described a 3-day-old boy with massive UGI bleeding due to diffuse hemorrhagic gastritis that was treated via gastric devascularization with a good outcome. We reviewed the literature on massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding in neonates retrieved from the PubMed database since 1977 and integrated the cases they reported. Based on the literature and our experience, gastric devascularization can serve as an alternative method for neonatal diffuse hemorrhagic gastritis.