Explore the vast range of titles available.

Atomically dispersed Ru-Cu dual-atom catalysts (DACs) with asymmetric coordination are critical for sustainable ammonia production via electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO 3 RR), but their rational synthesis remains challenging. Here, we report a pulsed discharge strategy that injects a microsecond pulse current into ruthenium (Ru) and copper (Cu) precursors supported by nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels (NGA). The atomically dispersed Ru and Cu dual atoms anchor onto nanopore defects of NGA (RuCu DAs/NGA) through explosive decomposition of the metal salt nanocrystals. The catalyst achieves 95.7% Faraday efficiency and 3.1 mg h −1 cm −2 NH 3 yield at −0.4 V vs. RHE. In situ studies reveal an asymmetric RuN 2 -CuN 3 active-site dynamic evolution during NO 3 RR. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that asymmetric RuN 2 CuN 3 /C structure synergistically optimizes intermediate adsorption and reduces energy barriers of key steps. The pulsed discharge enables ultrafast synthesis of various DACs (e.g., PtCu, AgCu, PdCu, FeCu, CoCu, NiCu) with tailored coordination environments, offering a general-purpose strategy for the precise preparation of atomically dispersed dual-atom catalysts, which are traditionally challenging to synthesize. Nitrate electroreduction to ammonia offers a sustainable route, but designing efficient catalysts remains challenging. Here, the authors develop a pulsed discharge strategy to synthesize dual atom catalysts with asymmetric active sites, achieving high ammonia production efficiency and stability.

HighlightsA facile one‐step hydrothermal method for producing gram‐scale 1T@2H-MoS2 by imbedding the guest molecules and ions was developed.The influence of different MoS2 phase for electromagnetic absorbing properties was explored by analyzing electromagnetic parameters of 1T/2H MoS2 and 2H MoS2 with 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, and 10% filler loading.Taking the advantage of 1T/2H MoS2, the flexible CF@1T/2H MoS2 was also synthesized to mind the request of flexible portable microwave absorption electronic devices.Phase engineering is an important strategy to modulate the electronic structure of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). MoS2-based composites are usually used for the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber, but the effect of different phases on the EMW absorbing performance, such as 1T and 2H phase, is still not studied. In this work, micro-1T/2H MoS2 is achieved via a facile one-step hydrothermal route, in which the 1T phase is induced by the intercalation of guest molecules and ions. The EMW absorption mechanism of single MoS2 is revealed by presenting a comparative study between 1T/2H MoS2 and 2H MoS2. As a result, 1T/2H MoS2 with the matrix loading of 15% exhibits excellent microwave absorption property than 2H MoS2. Furthermore, taking the advantage of 1T/2H MoS2, a flexible EMW absorbers that ultrathin 1T/2H MoS2 grown on the carbon fiber also performs outstanding performance only with the matrix loading of 5%. This work offers necessary reference to improve microwave absorption performance by phase engineering and design a new type of flexible electromagnetic wave absorption material to apply for the portable microwave absorption electronic devices.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has plagued human society for a long time since its discovery, causing a large number of patients to suffer and costing hundreds of millions of medical services every year. Scientists have found that HIV and antiretroviral therapy accelerate immune aging by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and that terminal effector memory T cells (TEMRA cells) are crucial in immune aging. This specific subset of effector memory T cells has terminally differentiated properties and exhibits high cytotoxicity and proinflammatory capacity. We therefore explored and described the interplay between exhaustion features, essential markers, functions, and signaling pathways from previous studies on HIV, antiretroviral therapy, immune senescence, and TEMRA cells. Their remarkable antiviral capacity is then highlighted by elucidating phenotypic changes in TEMRA cells during HIV infection, describing changes in TEMRA cells before, during, and after antiretroviral therapy and other drug treatments. Their critical role in complications and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-HIV superinfection is highlighted. These studies demonstrate that TEMRA cells play a key role in the antiviral response and immune senescence during HIV infection. Finally, we review current therapeutic strategies targeting TEMRA cells that may be clinically beneficial, highlight their potential role in HIV-1 vaccine development, and provide perspectives and predictions for related future applications.

The relationship between physical activity (PA) and the risk of frailty has not reached a conclusive result. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of PA on the onset of frailty in the community-dwelling middle and older age adults by pooling data from cohort studies. A systematic literature search was performed via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to June 01, 2021. Pooled adjusted effect estimates (ES) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by using the random-effect model and by comparing the highest with lowest levels of PA. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 statistic and Q-test. The quality of evidence was evaluated by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A total of ten cohort studies with 14 records were selected, and the GRADE approach classified the quality of evidence as low. In comparison with the lowest level of PA, the highest level of PA was associated with 41% decreased odds of frailty (ES: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.51-0.67; I2 = 70.0%, P-heterogeneity < 0.001) after pooling results from included studies. In stratified analysis by frailty assessment approach, the highest level of PA was significantly associated with 37% (ES 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.77, 49% (ES: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.41-0.63), and 30% (ES: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.65-0.75) reduced odds of frailty when pooling studies using criteria of physical frailty, multidimensional model, and accumulation of disability, respectively. Stratified analyses further by PA indicators and PA assessment tools yielded similar protective effects in any subgroups. This study with moderate-certainty evidence shows that a higher level of PA was associated with lower odds of frailty, and the benefits of PA for frailty prevention were independent of frailty assessment tools, PA indicators, and PA assessment methods. Findings from this study may help implement active exercise strategies to prevent frailty.

Resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant challenge in the treatment of this disease. The mechanisms of resistance are multifactorial and include molecular target alterations and activation of alternative pathways, tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment change, immune evasion, and immunosuppression. Promising strategies for overcoming resistance include the development of combination therapies, understanding the resistance mechanisms to better use novel drug targets, the identification of biomarkers, the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and so on. Ongoing research into the mechanisms of resistance and the development of new therapeutic approaches hold great promise for improving outcomes for patients with NSCLC. Here, we summarize diverse mechanisms driving resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in NSCLC and the latest potential and promising strategies to overcome the resistance to help patients who suffer from NSCLC.

Terahertz modulators with high tunability of both intensity and phase are essential for effective control of electromagnetic properties. Due to the underlying physics behind existing approaches there is still a lack of broadband devices able to achieve deep modulation. Here, we demonstrate the effect of tunable Brewster angle controlled by graphene, and develop a highly-tunable solid-state graphene/quartz modulator based on this mechanism. The Brewster angle of the device can be tuned by varying the conductivity of the graphene through an electrical gate. In this way, we achieve near perfect intensity modulation with spectrally flat modulation depth of 99.3 to 99.9 percent and phase tunability of up to 140 degree in the frequency range from 0.5 to 1.6 THz. Different from using electromagnetic resonance effects (for example, metamaterials), this principle ensures that our device can operate in ultra-broadband. Thus it is an effective principle for terahertz modulation. Low-dimensional materials show promise for applications in imaging, spectroscopy and ultra-broadband communications. Here, the authors report an effect of Brewster angle control at graphene-quartz interface for applications in terahertz modulation over a broadband range from 0.5 to 1.6 THz.

Aging is an inevitable process influenced by genetics, lifestyles, and environments. With the rapid social and economic development in recent decades, the proportion of the elderly has increased rapidly worldwide, and many aging-related diseases have shown an upward trend, including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. The rising burden of aging-related diseases has become an urgent global health challenge and requires immediate attention and solutions. Natural products have been used for a long time to treat various human diseases. The primary cellular pathways that mediate the longevity-extending effects of natural products involve nutrient-sensing pathways. Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. Several studies have reviewed the effects of individual natural compounds on aging and aging-related diseases along with the underlying mechanisms. Natural products from food sources, such as polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, are classified as antiaging compounds that promote health and prolong life via various mechanisms. In this article, we have reviewed several recently identified natural products with potential antiaging properties and have highlighted their cellular and molecular mechanisms. The discovery and use of dietary supplements and natural products that can prevent and treat multiple aging-related diseases in humans will be beneficial. Thus, this review provides theoretical background for existing dietary supplements and natural products as potential antiaging agents.

Background This study aimed to investigate the midterm effect of surgical treatment on sexual function in patients with acetabular fracture. Additionally, we explored the predictors of the postoperative sexual function impairment in this patient population. Methods Patients treated for acetabular fracture at our facility between 2018 and 2021 were enrolled. All participants were followed up for a minimum of 12 months postoperatively. Sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function 15 (IIEF-15) questionnaire for male patients and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for female patients. Data on patient demographics, fracture classification, injury severity score (ISS), comorbidity, treatment details (duration of operation and surgical approach), and Harris hip score (HHS) were collected from institutional registry. Multiple stepwise linear regression was used to identify predictors of sexual function impairment. Results A total of 94 patients consented to participate, with a mean follow-up duration of 19.4 ± 3.1 months. The mean age of patients were 45.7 ± 12.3 years. A significant decrease of total sexual function score were observed in both male ( P  < 0.0001) and female ( P  < 0.0001) patients. Among six FSFI domains, sexual desire, orgasm, satisfaction and pain scores showed statistical reductions, while the decrease in arouse and lubrication did not show statistically significant change. In male patients, four IIEF-15 domains, including erectile function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction were significantly decreased, whereas sexual desire was not significantly affected. In male patients, older age and lower HHS were independently associated with greater sexual dysfunction ( P  < 0.001 and P  = 0.02, respectively; R 2  = 0.53). The corresponding predictive equation was: Y(IIEF15 score) = 34.41–0.59×age (years old) + 0.62 ×HSS (score). In female patients, the older age and lower HHS were also significantly related to worse sexual function( P  < 0.001 and P  < 0.001, respectively; R 2  = 0.69). A predictive equation derived as follows: Y(FSFI score) = 6.64 − 0.1×age (years old) + 0.31 ×HSS (score). Conclusion Patients undergoing surgical treatment for acetabular fracture experience sexual function impairment at a minimum of one year postoperatively. Age and Harris Hip Scores are independent predictors of postoperative sexual function impairment.

In this paper, we present PRIME-BSPre, a template-based genome-wide method for predicting protein-RNA binding sites that incorporates the RNA sequence and secondary structure as well as the tertiary structure of corresponding RBPs. We are pioneers in introducing low Shannon entropy algorithm in PRIME-BSPre to describe the binding preferences of RBPs on RNA motifs. The LS-PEAK derived from LS-Scores in PRIME-BSPre is utilized to optimize the alignments screening. PRIME-BSPre has been successfully benchmarked on the human genome, demonstrating its excellent prediction performance on independent RBP datasets and its robustness across different cell lines.

Active vibration control in flexible structures remains a critical challenge in engineering applications. This study proposes an optimization framework for piezoelectric sensor and actuator configurations in cantilever beams using a genetic algorithm. An objective function based on controllability and observability criteria was formulated, integrating modal strain and natural frequency analyses. A small-habitat genetic algorithm was employed to determine optimal sensor/actuator positions, validated through frequency- and time-domain simulations. Comparative experiments with three alternative control methods demonstrated improved vibration suppression, achieving amplitude rejection rates as low as 1.2% under random and sinusoidal excitations. The method was further extended to a vehicle suspension model, where the proposed system achieved near-zero suspension dynamic travel under step inputs, outperforming the other three control methods in terms of vibration suppression effectiveness. Results highlight the framework’s adaptability for enhancing structural resilience in aerospace, automotive, and robotic systems, providing a systematic approach for optimizing smart material configurations in vibration-sensitive applications.