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The high price of noble metal resources limits its commercial application and stimulates the potential for developing new catalysts that can replace noble metal catalysts. Tungsten-based catalysts have become the most important substitutes for noble metal catalysts because of their rich resources, friendly environment, rich valence and better adsorption enthalpy. However, some challenges still hinder the development of tungsten-based catalysts, such as limited catalytic activity, instability, difficult recovery, and so on. At present, the focus of tungsten-based catalyst research is to develop a satisfactory material with high catalytic performance, excellent stability and green environmental protection, mainly including tungsten atomic catalysts, tungsten metal nanocatalysts, tungsten-based compound nanocatalysts, and so on. In this work, we first present the research status of these tungsten-based catalysts with different sizes, existing forms, and chemical compositions, and further provide a basis for future perspectives on tungsten-based catalysts.

With the intensification of the global energy crisis, green, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly biomass materials have become the focus of research. Among them, biomass-derived carbon dots (B-CDs), a novel class of sustainable zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, attract significant interest due to their environmental friendliness, low toxicity, and unique optical properties. Research findings indicate that B-CDs, utilizing biomass materials as carbon sources, demonstrate significant potential in numerous application fields through structural design and photo-functionalization. However, the underlying mechanisms and formation processes of B-CDs remain inadequately elucidated, and systematic summarization still requires further refinement. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the synthesis methods, precursor structures, formation mechanisms, luminescent properties, and prevailing applications of B-CDs, with a particular emphasis on recent advances in their use for sensing, anti-counterfeiting, bioimaging, and optronics. In addition, the challenges encountered in performance-oriented controllable preparation and large-scale production were also clarified. This comprehensive review provides a theoretical foundation for further research and multidisciplinary applications of B-CDs, thereby contributing to promoting large-scale commercialization and industrial implementation.

A series of novel Sm 3+ activated yellow–orange-emitting phosphors have been synthesized successfully by the conventional solid-state method. Their phase composition and luminescence properties have been investigated and discussed systematically. Upon excitation at 410 nm, all the studied phosphors showed intense narrow emissions with a prominent peak centered at around 610 nm, corresponding to 4 G 5/2 — 6 H 7/2 transition. The critical concentration of Sm 3+ ions was determined to be 0.02, and the concentration quenching mechanism was verified as dipole–dipole interaction. The investigation of thermal stability revealed that the photoluminescence intensity of Ba 3 Lu 3.92 O 9 :0.08Sm 3+ at 425 K remained around 81.4% of that at 298 K. Besides, when excited at 410 nm, the studied phosphor exhibited high color purity of 99.5% with the CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.5974, 0.4010) and a low Correlation Color Temperature of 2217 K. Consequently, it could be expected that the as-synthesized Ba 3 Lu 4 O 9 :Sm 3+ phosphors would be a promising candidate of yellow–orange component for warm white or amber LEDs.

The Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 :Eu 2+/3+ phosphor was synthesized in air via conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction. Eu 3+ in the host lattice was partially self-reduced to Eu 2+ , and the characteristic excitation and emission of Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ were detected simultaneously. Due to the different temperature quenching mechanisms of Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ , the luminescent performance and fluorescence intensity ratio of Eu 2+/3+ co-activated phosphor presented great temperature dependence. With the increase of the operating temperature, the emitting color of the phosphor can be tuned from bluish green to white. The maximum absolute and relative temperature sensitivity of Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 :Eu 2+/3+ phosphor can be as high as 0.015 K −1 at 525 K and 1.1% K −1 at 375 K, respectively. In addition, the decoupled emission peaks of Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ provide strong signal discrimination for temperature measurement. All the results indicate that the Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 :Eu 2+/3+ phosphor possesses excellent temperature-sensing characteristic and can be a promising candidate for ratiometric optical thermometry applications.

Background Fiber quality is an important economic trait of cotton, and its improvement is a major goal of cotton breeding. To better understand the genetic mechanisms responsible for fiber quality traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study to identify and mine fiber-quality-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes. Results In total, 42 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 31 QTLs were identified as being significantly associated with five fiber quality traits. Twenty-five QTLs were identified in previous studies, and six novel QTLs were firstly identified in this study. In the QTL regions, 822 genes were identified and divided into four clusters based on their expression profiles. We also identified two pleiotropic SNPs. The SNP locus i52359Gb was associated with fiber elongation, strength, length and uniformity, while i11316Gh was associated with fiber strength and length. Moreover, these two SNPs were nonsynonymous and located in genes Gh_D09G2376 and Gh_D06G1908 , respectively. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that these two genes were preferentially expressed at one or more stages of cotton fiber development, which was consistent with the RNA-seq data. Thus, Gh_D09G2376 and Gh_D06G1908 may be involved in fiber developmental processes. Conclusions The findings of this study provide insights into the genetic bases of fiber quality traits, and the identified QTLs or genes may be applicable in cotton breeding to improve fiber quality.

Pt-based nanocatalysts offer excellent prospects for various industries. However, the low loading of Pt with excellent performance for efficient and stable nanocatalysts still presents a considerable challenge. In this study, nanocatalysts with ultralow Pt content, excellent performance, and carbon black as support were prepared through in-situ synthesis. These ∼2-nm particles uniformly and stably dispersed on carbon black because of the strong s–p–d orbital hybridizations between carbon black and Pt, which suppressed the agglomeration of Pt ions. This unique structure is beneficial for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The catalysts exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction, exhibiting a potential of 100 mV at 100 mA·cm −2 , which is comparable to those of commercial Pt/C catalysts. Mass activity (1.61 A/mg) was four times that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.37 A/mg). The ultralow Pt loading (6.84wt%) paves the way for the development of next-generation electrocatalysts.

HighlightsA power generator based on carbon nanoparticles and TiO2 nanowires was fabricated by sequential electrophoretic deposition.Benefit from the special structure of the carbon nanoparticle films, the generator exhibited an fast and reliable response to liquids.A possible system for printed circuit board protection using an array of power generators was proposed.

Bismuth is a promising anode material for potassium‐ion batteries due to its green, non‐toxic and high theoretical capacity (384 mAh g−1). However, the sluggish reaction kinetics and excessive volume expansion during cycling limit its practical application. Herein, Bi‐induced few‐layered graphite frameworks are in situ encapsulated on the surface of Bi nanoparticles, based on the mechanism of graphitization by rearrangement of interstitial carbon atoms during the nucleation process of Bi, while these composite particles are embedded in Bi‐doped porous carbon fibers composite. The graphite frameworks can stabilize the structure while serving as an efficient interfacial transfer layer, enabling rapid transport of both potassium ions and electrons. Bi atoms doped into the carbon fiber matrix effectively enhances the potassium ion transport kinetics in amorphous carbon by lowering the migration energy barrier of potassium ions in the carbon layer. The porous structure effectively alleviates the volume expansion of Bi nanoparticles during cycling, which synergistically results in superior high‐rate performance and cycling stability. Finally, the capacity can reach 215 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, and a capacity retention rate of 83.8% is achieved after 6000 cycles at 10 A g−1 with an ultra‐low decay rate of 0.00278% per cycle. Design and synthesis of a composite anode material for potassium‐ion batteries, featuring few‐layered graphite encapsulated Bi nanoparticles embedded in Bi‐doped porous carbon fibers, to achieve ultrafast potassium storage. The few‐layer graphene framework, derived from a graphitization mechanism involving interstitial carbon atom rearrangement during Bi nucleation, promotes rapid potassium‐ion and electron transport.

Supported nanocatalysts are crucial for hydrogen production, yet their activity and stability are challenging to manage due to complex metal-support interfaces. Herein, we design Pt@ anatase&rutile-TiO 2 with a strong-weak dual interface by modifying TiO 2 using high-energy ball milling and in-situ reduction to vary surface energies. Experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal that the strong Pt-anatase TiO 2 interface enhances hydrogen adsorption. In contrast, the weak Pt-rutile TiO 2 interface facilitates hydrogen desorption, simultaneously preventing Pt agglomeration and increasing reaction rate. As a result, the tailored catalyst has a 529.3 mV overpotential at 1000 mA cm −2 in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , 0.69 times less than commercial Pt/C. It also possesses 8.8 times the mass activity of commercial Pt/C and maintains a low overpotential after 2000 cyclic voltammetry cycles, suggesting high activity and stability. This strong-weak dual interface engineering strategy shows potential for overall water splitting and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, advancing the design of efficient supported nanocatalysts. The complex metal-support interfaces of hydrogen-producing supported catalysts make their activity and stability difficult to control. Here, a platinum-supported dual-phase titanium oxide electrocatalyst possess both strong and weak interfaces, which enhance hydrogen evolution reaction.

Advances in solid-state white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) necessitate the urgent development of highly efficient single-phase phosphors with tunable photoluminescence properties. Herein, the Tm3+, Dy3+, and Sm3+ ions are incorporated into the orthorhombic NaGdTiO4 (NGT) phosphors, resulting in phosphors that fulfill the aforementioned requirement. The emission spectrum of Tm3+ ions overlaps well with the adsorption spectra of both Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions. Under the excitation at 358 nm, the single-phase NaGdTiO4: Tm3+, Dy3+, Sm3+ phosphor exhibits tunable emission peaks in the blue, yellow, and red regions simultaneously, resulting in an intense white-light emission. The coexisting energy transfer behaviors from Tm3+ to Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions and the energy transfer from Dy3+ to Sm3+ ions are demonstrated to be responsible for this phenomenon. The phosphors with multiple energy transfers enable the development of single-phase white-light-emitting phosphors for phosphor-converted WLEDs.