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Examining China's stock market, mean variance is used to measure returns and risk and build an irrational risk-asset pricing model. The power of heterogeneous beliefs and risk-valuation deviation are found to affect capital asset pricing, presenting excessive fluctuations that neoclassical finance theory cannot easily explain. A diversified portfolio can disperse or aggregate irrational risk. Trading frequency and quantity reflect differences in investors' rationality and reveal irrational risk effects. On that basis, regulatory tools and derivative products can be designed to build a rational risk anchor, prevent the systematic bias of irrational risk, and improve capital allocation.

Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is a novel treatment strategy for cancer and a wide range of diseases with an excessive immune response such as ulcerative colitis (UC), due to its powerful immunomodulatory properties and its capacity for tissue regeneration and repair. One of the promising therapeutic options can focus on MSC-secreted exosomes (MSC-Exo), which have been identified as a type of paracrine interaction. In light of a wide variety of recent experimental studies, the present review aims to seek the recent research advances of therapies based on the MSC-Exo for treating UC and colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods A systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed from inception to December 2021 using the terms [(“colorectal cancer” OR “bowel cancer” OR “colon cancer” OR “rectal cancer”) AND (exosome) AND (stem cell) AND (“inflammatory bowel disease” OR “Crohn's disease” OR “colitis”)] in titles and abstracts. Findings Exosomes derived from various sources of MSCs, including human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs), human adipose-derived MSCs (hAD-MSCs), human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs), and olfactory ecto-MSCs (OE-MSCs), have shown the protective role against UC and CRC. Exosomes from hUC-MSCs, hBM-MSCs, AD-MSCs, and OE-MSCs have been found to ameliorate the experimental UC through suppressing inflammatory cells including macrophages, Th1/Th17 cells, reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as inducing the anti-inflammatory function of Treg and Th2 cells and enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, hBM-MSC-Exo and hUC-MSC-Exo containing tumor-suppressive miRs (miR-3940-5p/miR-22-3p/miR‐16‐5p) have been shown to suppress proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells via regulation of RAP2B/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and ITGA2/ITGA6. Key messages The MSC-Exo can exert beneficial effects on UC and CRC through two different mechanisms including modulating immune responses and inducing anti-tumor responses, respectively.

Purpose This study aims to explore the relationships among destination brand equity, brand authenticity and revisit intention. The mediating role of tourist satisfaction and the moderating role of destination familiarity in these relationships are also investigated. Design/methodology/approach Based on the stimulus–organism–response theory, a structural equation model was constructed to test the relationships among the study variables. The original data was obtained using a questionnaire survey method from domestic tourists who have traveled to Guilin in China. Findings The findings revealed that brand equity and brand authenticity not only positively and directly affect revisit intention but also have an indirect influence on revisit intention through the mediating role of tourist satisfaction. Destination familiarity positively moderates the direct influence of brand equity on revisit intention. Furthermore, brand authenticity significantly and positively affects brand equity. Practical implications The findings of this study provide a certain enlightenment for brand marketing and tourist destination management. Originality/value This study reveals the impact path of brand equity and brand authenticity on revisit intention, compensating for the lack of attention on impact mechanism among them. This study proves the impact of brand authenticity on destination brand equity. This compensates for the deficiencies that ignore possible antecedents affecting destination brand equity and the impact of brand authenticity on brand equity in the context of tourism destination. This study also confirms the specific dimensions of brand equity and brand authenticity in the context of Chinese tourism destinations in response to the current controversy. 旅游目的地品牌资产、品牌真实性与重游意愿: 游客满意度的中介作用与目的地熟悉度的调节作用 摘要 研究目的 本研究致力于探究旅游目的地品牌资产、品牌真实性与重游意愿之间的关系。本文也研究了游客满意度在这些关系中所起的中介作用以及目的地熟悉度的调节作用。 设计/方法/手段 本文以刺激-机体-反应理论为基础, 通过构建结构方程模型来对变量之间的关系进行检验。原始数据是通过问卷调查法从曾在桂林旅游的国内游客中获得。 研究发现 目的地品牌资产和品牌真实性在直接正向影响重游意愿的同时, 还通过游客满意度的中介作用来间接影响重游意愿。目的地熟悉度在品牌资产对重游意愿的直接影响中起着正向调节作用。此外, 目的地品牌真实性对品牌资产起着显著正向影响。 原创性/价值 本研究揭示了目的地品牌资产与品牌真实性对重游意愿的影响路径, 弥补了对其中影响机制关注不足的缺陷。本研究证实了旅游目的地背景下品牌真实性对品牌资产的具体影响, 弥补了现有文献较少关注影响目的地品牌资产的可能前因以及旅游目的地背景下品牌真实性对品牌资产具体影响的不足。此外, 本研究以中国旅游目的地为研究背景, 证实了品牌资产与品牌真实性的具体维度, 回应了当前的争议。 实际意义 本研究结论对旅游目的地品牌营销与管理提供一定的启示。 Valor de marca de destino turístico, autenticidad de marca y voluntad de volver a visitar：El papel mediador de la satisfacción del turista y el papel moderador de la familiaridad con el destino Resumen Propósito este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las relaciones entre el valor de la marca de destino, la autenticidad de la marca y la intención de volver a visitar. También se investiga el papel mediador de la satisfacción del turista y el papel moderador de la familiaridad con el destino en estas relaciones. Diseño/metodología/enfoque con base en la teoría Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta, se construye un modelo de ecuación estructural para probar las relaciones entre las variables de investigación. Los datos originales se obtienen mediante el método de encuesta por cuestionario de turistas nacionales que han viajado a Guilin en China. Hallazgos los hallazgos revelaron que el valor y la autenticidad de la marca no solo afectan positiva y directamente la intención de volver a visitar, sino que también tienen una influencia indirecta en la intención de volver a visitar a través del papel mediador de la satisfacción del turista. La familiaridad con el destino modera positivamente la influencia directa del valor de la marca en la intención de volver a visitar. Además, la autenticidad de la marca afecta de manera significativa y positiva al valor de la marca. Originalidad/valor este documento revela el camino del impacto del valor de marca y la autenticidad de la marca en la intención de volver a visitar, compensando la falta de atención al mecanismo de impacto entre ellos. Este trabajo demuestra el efecto de la autenticidad de la marca en el valor de la marca del destino, que compensa las deficiencias que ignoran los posibles antecedentes que afectan el valor de la marca del destino y el impacto de la autenticidad de la marca en el valor de la marca en el contexto del destino turístico. Este estudio también confirma las dimensiones específicas del valor de marca y la autenticidad de la marca en el contexto del destino turístico chino, respondiendo a la controversia actual. Implicaciones practices los hallazgos de este documento proporcionan cierta iluminación para el marketing de marca y la gestión de destinos turísticos.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as leading non-viral carriers for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery in clinical applications. Overcoming challenges in safe and effective mRNA delivery to target tissues and cells, along with controlling release from the delivery vehicle, remains pivotal in mRNA-based therapies. This review elucidates the structure of LNPs, the mechanism for mRNA delivery, and the targeted delivery of LNPs to various cells and tissues, including leukocytes, T-cells, dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic endothelial cells, and hepatic and extrahepatic tissues. Here, we discuss the applications of mRNA–LNP vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases and for the treatment of cancer and various genetic diseases. Although challenges remain in terms of delivery efficiency, specific tissue targeting, toxicity, and storage stability, mRNA–LNP technology holds extensive potential for the treatment of diseases.

We report a molecular assay, Methyl-HiC, that can simultaneously capture the chromosome conformation and DNA methylome in a cell. Methyl-HiC reveals coordinated DNA methylation status between distal genomic segments that are in spatial proximity in the nucleus, and delineates heterogeneity of both the chromatin architecture and DNA methylome in a mixed population. It enables simultaneous characterization of cell-type-specific chromatin organization and epigenome in complex tissues.

Epigenetic mechanisms play instrumental roles in gene regulation during embryonic development and disease progression. However, it is challenging to non-invasively monitor the dynamics of epigenomes and related gene regulation at inaccessible human tissues, such as tumours, fetuses and transplanted organs. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in peripheral blood provides a promising opportunity to non-invasively monitor the genomes from these inaccessible tissues. The fragmentation patterns of plasma cfDNA are unevenly distributed in the genome and reflect the in vivo gene-regulation status across multiple molecular layers, such as nucleosome positioning and gene expression. In this review, we revisited the computational and experimental approaches that have been recently developed to measure the cfDNA fragmentomics across different resolutions comprehensively. Moreover, cfDNA in peripheral blood is released following cell death, after apoptosis or necrosis, mainly from haematopoietic cells in healthy people and diseased tissues in patients. Several cfDNA-fragmentomics approaches showed the potential to identify the tissues-of-origin in cfDNA from cancer patients and healthy individuals. Overall, these studies paved the road for cfDNA fragmentomics to non-invasively monitor the in vivo gene-regulatory dynamics in both peripheral immune cells and diseased tissues.

Phloridzin is an important phytochemical which was first isolated from the bark of apple trees. It is a member of the dihydrochalcones and mainly distributed in the plants of the Malus genus, therefore, the extraction method of phloridzin was similar to those of other phenolic substances. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), resin adsorption technology and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to separate and purify phloridzin. Many studies showed that phloridzin had multiple pharmacological effects, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycaemic, anticancer and antibacterial activities. Besides, the physiological activities of phloridzin are cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiobesity, antioxidant and so on. The present review summarizes the biosynthesis, distribution, extraction and bioavailability of the natural compound phloridzin and discusses its applications in food and medicine.

There is a growing interest in the role of timing of daily behaviors in improving health. However, little is known about the optimal timing of physical activity to maximize health benefits. We perform a cohort study of 92,139 UK Biobank participants with valid accelerometer data and all-cause and cause-specific mortality outcomes, comprising over 7 years of median follow-up (638,825 person-years). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) at any time of day is associated with lower risks for all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality. In addition, compared with morning group (>50% of daily MVPA during 05:00-11:00), midday-afternoon (11:00-17:00) and mixed MVPA timing groups, but not evening group (17:00-24:00), have lower risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. These protective associations are more pronounced among the elderly, males, less physically active participants, or those with preexisting cardiovascular diseases. Here, we show that MVPA timing may have the potential to improve public health. There is a growing interest in the role of timing of physical activity (PA) in improving health. Here, using a large-scale cohort study, the authors show that moderate-to-vigorous PA at the optimal time of day robustly predicts lower mortality risk and may maximize the beneficial effect of PA.

Macro-fungi play important roles in the soil elemental cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. Many researchers have focused on the interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and host plants, whilst comparatively few studies aim to characterise the relationships between macro-fungi and bacteria in situ . In this study, we detected endophytic bacteria within fruit bodies of ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic fungi (SAF) using high-throughput sequencing technology, as well as bacterial diversity in the corresponding hyphosphere soils below the fruit bodies. Bacteria such as Helicobacter , Escherichia-Shigella , and Bacillus were found to dominate within fruit bodies, indicating that they were crucial in the development of macro-fungi. The bacterial richness in the hyphosphere soils of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) was higher than that of SAF and significant difference in the composition of bacterial communities was observed. There were more Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroides in the hyphosphere soils of EcMF, and comparatively more Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi in the hyphosphere of SAF. The results indicated that the two types of macro-fungi can enrich, and shape the bacteria compatible with their respective ecological functions. This study will be beneficial to the further understanding of interactions between macro-fungi and relevant bacteria.

Mapping dynamically distributed livestock in the vast steppe area based on statistical data collected by administrative units is very difficult as it is limited by the quality of statistical data and local geographical environment factors. While, spatial mapping of livestock gridded data is critical and necessary for animal husbandry management, which can be easily integrated and analyzed with other natural environment data. Facing this challenge, this study introduces a spatialization method using random forest (RF) in the Selenge River Basin, which is the main animal husbandry region in Mongolia. A spatialized model was constructed based on the RF to obtain high-resolution gridded distribution data of total livestock, sheep & goats, cattle, and horses. The contribution of factors influencing the spatial distribution of livestock was quantitatively analyzed. The predicted results showed that (1) it has high livestock densities in the southwestern regions and low in the northern regions of the Selenge River Basin; (2) the sheep & goats density was mainly concentrated in 0–125 sheep/km 2 , and the high-density area was mainly distributed in Khuvsgul, Arkhangai, Bulgan and part soums of Orkhon; (3) horses and cattle density were concentrated in 0–25 head/km 2 , mainly distributed in the southwest and central parts of the basin, with few high-density areas. This indicates that the RF simulation results effectively depict the characteristics of Selenge River Basin. Further study supported by Geodetector showed human activity was the main driver of livestock distribution in the basin. This study is expected to provide fundamental support for the precise regulation of animal husbandry in the Mongolian Plateau or other large steppe regions worldwide.