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"Liu, Yu-Wang"
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Reciprocity, evolution, and decision games in network and data science
\"Learn how to analyze and manage evolutionary and sequential user behaviors in modern networks, and how to optimize network performance by using indirect reciprocity, evolutionary games, and sequential decision-making. Understand the latest theory without the need to go through the details of traditional game theory. With practical management tools to regulate user behavior and simulations and experiments with real data sets, this is an ideal tool for graduate students and researchers working in networking, communications, and signal processing\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Vaginal microbiome and sexually-transmitted pathogens in Chinese reproductive-age women: a multicentre cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with vaginal dysbiosis, and co-infections are common but understudied. In this study, 6217 reproductive-age women are recruited from 38 study centres across China at baseline and 2738 participants are followed up at 6 months. We profile the vaginal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in conjunction with measurement of nine common STIs. The primary outcome of this study is STI status, and secondary outcome is the risk of cervical lesions.
Mycoplasmas hominis
(MH) far exceeds other STIs in the association with vaginal microbiota, whereases previously reported associations between Human papillomavirus (HPV) and vaginal dysbiosis might be confounded by the co-infected MH in this study. Both MH infection and increased bacterial diversity are independently associated with increased risk of cervical lesion in HPV-negative women (Shannon, OR (odds ratio) = 1.71, 95% CI (confidence interval) = 1.23-2.36; MH, OR = 2.42 95% CI = 1.36-4.30). These associations are also identified in longitudinal analyses (Shannon, HR (hazard ratio) = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.04-2.86; MH, HR = 2.37, 95% CI = 0.98-5.72). Our findings highlight the importance of considering MH status when studying vaginal microbiota in cervical lesions, and suggest the need for further investigation of microbiota-associated mechanisms in HPV-negative cervical lesions. (ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04694495).
Here, in a study of over 6,000 women across China, the authors show that
Mycoplasma hominis
infection strongly influences vaginal microbiota and is linked to higher risk of cervical lesions, highlighting its importance in women’s reproductive health.
Journal Article
Development of a Combination Fermentation Strategy to Simultaneously Increase Biomass and Enzyme Activity of d-amino Acid Oxidase Expressed in Escherichia coli
d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is widely used in the industrial preparation of l-amino acids, and cultivating Escherichia coli (E. coli) expressing DAAO for the biosynthesis of l-phosphinothricin (l-PPT) is very attractive. At present, the biomass production of DAAO by fermentation is still limited in large-scale industrial applications because the expression of DAAO during the fermentation process inhibits the growth of host cells, which limits higher cell density. In this study, the factors that inhibit the growth of bacterial cells during a 5-L fed-batch fermentation process were explored, and the fermentation process was optimized by co-expressing catalase (CAT), by balancing the biomass and the enzyme activity, and by adding exogenous d-alanine (d-Ala) to relieve the limitation of DAAO on the cells and optimize fermentation. Under optimal conditions, the DO-STAT feeding mode with DO controlled at 30% ± 5% and the addition of 27.5 g/L lactose mixed with 2 g/L d-Ala during induction at 28 °C resulted in the production of 26.03 g dry cell weight (DCW)/L biomass and 390.0 U/g DCW specific activity of DAAO; an increase of 78% and 84%, respectively, compared with the initial fermentation conditions. The fermentation strategy was successfully scale-up to a 5000-L fermenter.
Journal Article
A tunable optoelectronic nanofibrillated cellulose/CdS quantum dot film with improved transmittance and strength
Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is an ideal building block in novel bio-based nanomaterials fabrication for various emerging applications. In this study, a biomass-based optoelectronic material of cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs)-decorated TEMPO oxidized NFC was prepared by an in situ electrostatic adsorption method. The NFC/CdS QDs suspensions were then vacuum-filtrated to produce NFC/CdS QDs composite films. The morphology of the NFC/CdS QDs composites and their crystalline degree were studied by TEM and XRD measurement, respectively, and the mechanical and optoelectronic properties of the films were also investigated. The results indicated NFC/CdS QDs composite films exhibited excellent light transmittance and high elastic modulus while retaining prominent flexibility, superior optical and physical properties of pure NFC film. The light transmittance can be as high as 95% at 550 nm, and the elastic modulus reached up to 8.1 GPa. Homogeneous dispersion of CdS QDs with different size were obtained by varying carboxyl contents (molar ratio of COO
−
:Cd
2+
is 2:1), resulting in the tailored photoelectric effect of NFC/CdS QDs composite films. The photocurrent can be tuned from 0.71 to 1.98 μA. These results show great potential to extend the application of NFC in next-generation green flexible electronics, photocatalytic materials, and nanoscale photosensor.
Journal Article
Intratumoural heterogeneity generated by Notch signalling promotes small-cell lung cancer
In a mouse model of small-cell lung cancer and in human tumours, activation of the Notch pathway can lead to a cell fate switch of neuroendocrine cells to less proliferative non-neuroendocrine cells, generating intratumoural heterogeneity.
Notch signalling assists tumour growth
Small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs) with a neuroendocrine phenotype are aggressive tumours. In a mouse model of SCLC, Julien Sage and colleagues now show that activation of the Notch pathway can lead to cell fate switch of neuroendocrine cells to less proliferative non-neuroendocrine cells, generating intra-tumour heterogeneity. Non-neuroendocrine cells with activated Notch signalling in turn provide trophic support for neuroendocrine cells. Thus neuroendocrine tumour cells create their niche environment, which produces factors that act on neuroendocrine cells and promote tumour growth. Accordingly, targeting neuroendocrine cells with chemotherapeutics and non-neuroendocrine cells with Notch inhibitors cooperate in reducing tumorigenesis. This study sheds new light on the mechanisms underlying intratumoural heterogeneity in lung cancer and suggests that new combination treatments could be used to target SCLCs.
The Notch signalling pathway mediates cell fate decisions
1
,
2
and is tumour suppressive or oncogenic depending on the context
2
,
3
. During lung development, Notch pathway activation inhibits the differentiation of precursor cells to a neuroendocrine fate
4
,
5
,
6
. In small-cell lung cancer, an aggressive neuroendocrine lung cancer
7
, loss-of-function mutations in
NOTCH
genes and the inhibitory effects of ectopic Notch activation indicate that Notch signalling is tumour suppressive
8
,
9
. Here we show that Notch signalling can be both tumour suppressive and pro-tumorigenic in small-cell lung cancer. Endogenous activation of the Notch pathway results in a neuroendocrine to non-neuroendocrine fate switch in 10–50% of tumour cells in a mouse model of small-cell lung cancer and in human tumours. This switch is mediated in part by Rest (also known as Nrsf), a transcriptional repressor that inhibits neuroendocrine gene expression. Non-neuroendocrine Notch-active small-cell lung cancer cells are slow growing, consistent with a tumour-suppressive role for Notch, but these cells are also relatively chemoresistant and provide trophic support to neuroendocrine tumour cells, consistent with a pro-tumorigenic role. Importantly, Notch blockade in combination with chemotherapy suppresses tumour growth and delays relapse in pre-clinical models. Thus, small-cell lung cancer tumours generate their own microenvironment via activation of Notch signalling in a subset of tumour cells, and the presence of these cells may serve as a biomarker for the use of Notch pathway inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy in select patients with small-cell lung cancer.
Journal Article
Programming by Demonstration in Augmented Reality for the Motion Planning of a Three-Axis CNC Dispenser
This study presents a programming by demonstration (PbD) interface in augmented reality for motion planning in a three-axis CNC glue dispenser. The interface assists a human planner to effectively determine dispenser motion in a planning task. An augmented reality application prompts the planner with instructive information in a video of real environment while guiding the machine in 3D space to dispense glue on a work part. The purpose involves facilitating the generation of the dispenser’s motion commands by enhancing individual spatial reasoning between the dispenser’s tip and the work part. CAD models are not required prior to the planning task, thus eliminating the use of motion planning software. Test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed interface with respect to accelerating the process of the dispenser PbD. The study shows the practical value of augmented reality as a cost-effective interfacing technology for human–machine collaborations in smart manufacturing.
Journal Article
Positive and Negative Regulation of APP Amyloidogenesis by Sumoylation
Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) is central to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Signaling pathways affecting APP amyloidogenesis play critical roles in AD pathogenesis and can be exploited for therapeutic intervention. Here, we show that sumoylation, covalent modification of cellular proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins, regulates Aβ generation. Increased protein sumoylation resulting from overexpression of SUMO-3 dramatically reduces Aβ production. Conversely, reducing endogenous protein sumoylation with dominant-negative SUMO-3 mutants significantly increases Aβ production. We also show that mutant SUMO-3, K11R, which can only be monomerically conjugated to target proteins, has an opposite effect on Aβ generation to that by SUMO-3, which can form polymeric chains on target proteins. In addition, SUMO-3 immunoreactivity is predominantly detected in neurons in brains from AD, Down's syndrome, and nondemented humans. Therefore, polysumoylation reduces whereas monosumoylation or undersumoylation enhances Aβ generation. These findings provide a regulatory mechanism in APP amyloidogenesis and suggest that components in the sumoylation pathway may be critical in AD onset or progression.
Journal Article
