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"Liu, Yuan"
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The lost bloc
Born in Henan Province, China, in 1953, Liu Yuan now lives in Guangzhou. A freelance photographer, he is a member of both the China Photographers Association and the Photojournalism Society of China. He has travelled to more than a hundred countries, created more than a hundred albums and exhibited more than seventy times. His works are held at the National Art Museum of China, the Guangdong Museum of Art and Beijing Inter Gallery.
Book
Self-templated synthesis of uniform hollow spheres based on highly conjugated three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have served as a family of porous crystalline molecules for various promising applications. However, controllable synthesis of COFs with uniform morphology is paramount yet still remains quite challenging. Herein, we report self-templated synthesis of uniform and unique hollow spheres based on highly conjugated three-dimensional (3D) COFs with diameters of 500–700 nm. A detailed time-dependent study reveals the continuous transformation from initial nano sphere-like particles into uniform hollow spherical structures with Ostwald ripening mechanism. Particularly, the resulting 3D COF (3D-Sp-COF) is prone to transport ions more efficiently and the lithium-ion transference number (
t
+
) of 3D-Sp-COF reaches 0.7, which even overwhelms most typical PEO-based polymer electrolytes. Inspiringly, the hollow spherical structures show enhanced capacitance performance with a specific capacitance of 251 F g
−1
at 0.5 A g
−1
, which compares favorably with the vast majority of two-dimensional COFs and other porous electrode materials.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising porous crystalline materials but controllable synthesis of COFs with uniform morphology remains challenging. Here, the authors report a self-templated synthesis of uniform and unique hollow spheres based on highly conjugated three-dimensional COFs.
Journal Article
The supernova era
\"Eight light years away, a star has died, creating a supernova event that showers Earth in deadly levels of radiation. Within a year, everyone over the age of thirteen will die. And so the countdown begins. Parents apprentice their children and try to pass on the knowledge needed to keep the world running. But when the world is theirs, the last generation may not want to continue the legacy left to them. And in shaping the future however they want, will the children usher in an era of bright beginnings or final mistakes ?
Turning cold tumors into hot tumors by improving T-cell infiltration
Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has greatly improved the clinical efficacy of malignant tumor therapy. ICI-mediated antitumor responses depend on the infiltration of T cells capable of recognizing and killing tumor cells. ICIs are not effective in \"cold tumors\", which are characterized by the lack of T-cell infiltration. To realize the full potential of immunotherapy and solve this obstacle, it is essential to understand the drivers of T-cell infiltration into tumors. We present a critical review of our understanding of the mechanisms underlying \"cold tumors\", including impaired T-cell priming and deficient T-cell homing to tumor beds. \"Hot tumors\" with significant T-cell infiltration are associated with better ICI efficacy. In this review, we summarize multiple strategies that promote the transformation of \"cold tumors\" into \"hot tumors\" and discuss the mechanisms by which these strategies lead to increased T-cell infiltration. Finally, we discuss the application of nanomaterials to tumor immunotherapy and provide an outlook on the future of this emerging field. The combination of nanomedicines and immunotherapy enhances cross-presentation of tumor antigens and promotes T-cell priming and infiltration. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms opens new possibilities for the development of multiple T cell-based combination therapies to improve ICI effectiveness.
Journal Article
Recent advances of sonodynamic therapy in cancer treatment
Sonodynamic therapy （SDT） is an emerging approach that involves a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and specialized chemical agents known as sonosensitizers. Ultrasound can penetrate deeply into tissues and can be focused into a small region of a tumor to activate a sonosensitizer which offers the possibility of non-invasively eradicating solid tumors in a site-directed manner. In this article, we critically reviewed the currently accepted mechanisms of sonodynamic action and summarized the classification of sonosensitizers. At the same time, the breath of evidence from SDT-based studies suggests that SDT is promising for cancer treatment.
Journal Article
Van der Waals integration before and beyond two-dimensional materials
Material integration strategies, such as epitaxial growth, usually involve strong chemical bonds and are typically limited to materials with strict structure matching and processing compatibility. Van der Waals integration, in which pre-fabricated building blocks are physically assembled together through weak van der Waals interactions, offers an alternative bond-free integration strategy without lattice and processing limitations, as exemplified by two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. Here we review the development, challenges and opportunities of this emerging approach, generalizing it for flexible integration of diverse material systems beyond two dimensions, and discuss its potential for creating artificial heterostructures or superlattices beyond the reach of existing materials.
Recent advances and future directions in the use of van der Waals integration beyond two-dimensional materials are reviewed.
Journal Article
An open-source interactive AI framework for assisting automatic literature review in forensic medicine: Focus on brain injury mechanisms
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are critical in forensic medicine; however, these processes are labor-intensive and time-consuming. ASReview, an open-source machine learning framework, has demonstrated potential to improve the efficiency and transparency of systematic reviews in other disciplines. Nevertheless, its applicability to forensic medicine remains unexplored. This study evaluates the utility of ASReview for forensic medical literature review.
A three-stage experimental design was implemented. First, stratified five-fold cross-validation was conducted to assess ASReview's compatibility with forensic medical literature. Second, incremental learning and sampling methods were employed to analyze the model's performance on imbalanced datasets and the effect of training set size on predictive accuracy. Third, gold standard were translated into computational languages to evaluate ASReview's capacity to address real-world systematic review objectives.
ASReview exhibited robust viability for screening forensic medical literature. The tool efficiently prioritized relevant studies while excluding irrelevant records, thereby improving review productivity. Model performance remained stable when labeled training data constituted less than 80% of the total sample size. Notably, when the training set proportion ranged from 10% to 55%, ASReview's predictions aligned closely with human reviewer decisions.
ASReview represents a promising tool for forensic medical literature review. Its ability to handle imbalanced datasets and gather goal-oriented information enhances the efficiency and transparency of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in forensic medicine. Further research is required to optimize implementation strategies and validate its utility across diverse forensic medical contexts.
Journal Article