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The widespread growth of electric vehicles could pose significant grid and charging infrastructure challenges, especially in areas with underdeveloped infrastructure. This has affected the ease of charging electric vehicles. In this paper, I design a power supply strategy for electric vehicle charging facilities based on wind farm power supply. In this strategy, a preliminary selection of line conductors is carried out, and several schemes are preliminarily determined. Further comparative analysis is made from the three aspects of conductor, tower type, and bus. Through the PowerWorld software, a simulation model is established for each scheme, and an optimal strategy that takes into account economy, security, and system stability is obtained (AAC 31.5 mm double split, tower A and bus 5). This can assist in the transformation of electric vehicle power supply and the construction of wind farm power supply facilities.

Cultivated land quality is a key factor in ensuring sustainable agricultural development. Exploring differences in cultivated land quality under distinct cropping systems is essential for developing targeted improvement strategies. This study takes place in Shenyang City—located in the typical black soil region of Northeast China—as a case area to construct a cultivated land quality evaluation system comprising 13 indicators, including organic matter, effective soil layer thickness, and texture configuration. A minimum data set (MDS) was separately extracted for paddy and upland fields using principal component analysis (PCA) to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of cultivated land quality. Additionally, an obstacle degree model was employed to identify the limiting factors and quantify their impact. The results indicated the following. (1) Both MDSs consisted of seven indicators, among which five were common: ≥10 °C accumulated temperature, available phosphorus, arable layer thickness, irrigation capacity, and organic matter. Parent material and effective soil layer thickness were unique to paddy fields, while landform type and soil texture were unique to upland fields. (2) The cultivated land quality index (CQI) values at the sampling point level showed no significant difference between paddy (0.603) and upland (0.608) fields. However, their spatial distributions diverged significantly; paddy fields were dominated by high-grade land (Grades I and II) clustered in southern areas, whereas uplands were primarily of medium quality (Grades III and IV), with broader spatial coverage. (3) Major constraint factors for paddy fields were effective soil layer thickness (21.07%) and arable layer thickness (22.29%). For upland fields, the dominant constraints were arable layer thickness (27.57%), organic matter (25.40%), and ≥10 °C accumulated temperature (23.28%). Available phosphorus and ≥10 °C accumulated temperature were identified as shared constraint factors affecting quality classification in both systems. In summary, cultivated land quality under different cropping systems is influenced by distinct limiting factors. The construction of cropping-system-specific MDSs effectively improves the efficiency and accuracy of cultivated land quality assessment, offering theoretical and methodological support for land resource management in the black soil regions of China.

Background Prior studies have demonstrated the association between immune cells and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the causal link to specific immunophenotypes is limited. This study intends to elucidate the causal relationship of immune cell signatures on CRC. Methods We performed a bi-directional and two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study, utilizing GWAS summary data of 731 immune cell traits ( n  = 3,757) and CRC statistics ( n  = 470,002). The primary MR methodology was inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Furthermore, heterogeneity was evaluated by Cochran’s Q test. MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger were employed to assess horizontal and vertical pleiotropy respectively. Sensitivity analysis and FDR correction were conducted in our results. These results were validated in both the UK Biobank and FinnGen cohorts. We also extracted transcriptomic data of CRC and adjacent non-tumor tissues from TCGA, and used CIBERSORT to compare the infiltration patterns of 22 immune cell panels between normal tissues and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Results Our study indicated nine immune cell signatures had significant causality with the risk of CRC after sensitivity analysis and FDR correction. The positive results covered four panels: B cell, CD8 + T cell, Treg, and monocyte. IgD- CD38br and IgD + CD38br B cell, CD8dim and CD28 + CD45RA- CD8dim T cell, and CD14 on CD14 + CD16- monocyte were the protective factors of CRC. However, CD39 + resting Treg, CX3CR1 on CD14- CD16 + monocyte, FSC-A on HLA DR + T cell, and BAFF-R on B cell increased the risk of CRC. The results were validated in the UK Biobank data and FinnGen cohorts. The data from the TCGA database also confirmed the infiltration of B cell, CD8 + T cell, Treg, and monocyte panels in the TME. Conclusion This study highlights the causal link between specific immune cell phenotypes and CRC, providing valuable insights into the immune microenvironment’s role in CRC. The validation of our findings using large-scale datasets (UK Biobank, FinnGen) and TCGA underscores the robustness of our results, offering new potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment.

Skin health depends on the coordinated maintenance of barrier integrity, immune homeostasis, redox balance, microbial ecology, and systemic metabolic status. Among dietary constituents, polysaccharides have attracted increasing attention because they represent a structurally heterogeneous class of complex carbohydrates whose biological behavior is shaped by molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage patterns, branching, higher-order conformation, and physicochemical properties. However, many current skin-related studies remain primarily phenomenon-driven, with insufficient attention to how specific structural features influence biological function and dermatologic relevance. From a structure-function perspective, key structural features of dietary polysaccharides may influence several skin-relevant biological processes, including microbiota-associated signaling, immune regulation, barrier homeostasis, oxidative balance, and extracellular matrix protection. The relevance of these structure-linked functions differs across dermatologic contexts: it appears most direct in photoaging, more conditional in atopic dermatitis, and relatively indirect in psoriasis, whereas wound-repair-related settings are less closely aligned with strict dietary relevance. Current evidence therefore supports structure-function associations more strongly than direct associations between specific structural features and dermatologic outcomes. Dietary polysaccharides are not functionally interchangeable in skin-related contexts, and their skin-related effects depend on structural background, disease setting, and mode of application. Where non-dietary evidence is discussed, it serves primarily as mechanistic or translational contextualization rather than as a basis for nutritional recommendation. Clarifying these relationships may support future mechanistic research and facilitate more rational nutritional applications of dietary polysaccharides in skin health.

Background Chrysanthemum arcticum , arctic daisy and its two subspecies ( Chrysanthemum arcticum subsp. arcticum , Chrysanthemum arcticum subsp. polaré ) are the only chrysanthemum species native to North America. A study on species’ variation in morphological and diagnostic traits is important to link morphological traits with previously described single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, particularly when the genomes are sequenced. The purpose of this study was to establish phenotypic differences and soil conditions among wild C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum populations, when grown in a uniform environment for two years, for potential linkages with our SNP library. Sixteen quantitative morphological traits and five qualitative morphological traits were investigated for 255 individuals from nine C. arcticum populations and 326 individuals from 21 C. a. subsp. arcticum populations. Results In long-day controlled environment, C. arcticum flowering rate was 0% in Year 1, increased to 2.7% in Year 2, while C. a. subsp. arcticum flowering rate was 98.5% in Year 2. Two distinct clusters, distributed by taxonomic classification, were detected by Principal component analysis (PCoA) for 551 individuals from C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis indicated a positive and significant correlation between plant height, flower fresh and dry weights. Flower fresh weights were correlated with Δflower weight, while inflorescence length had showed a negative correlation with leaf number. Soil samples had high Na levels along with heavy metals. Thus, the species are salt-tolerant. Conclusion A high level of salt tolerance (Na) is tolerated by these maritime species which is a unique trait in Chrysanthemum . A new diagnostic trait of inflorescence length was discovered to distinguish among C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum. Significant flowering differences occurred among the species C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum under same photoperiodic environment, including flowering rates and visible bud date. This study on the species’ variation in morphological and diagnostic traits is of importance to link morphological traits with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.

Background Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV) and Feline calicivirus (FCV) are the primary co-infecting pathogens that cause upper respiratory tract disease in cats. However, there are currently no visual detection assays available for on-site testing. Here, we develop an ultrasensitive and visual detection method based on dual recombinase polymerase amplification (dRPA) reaction and the hybrid Cas12a/Cas13a trans -cleavage activities in a one-tube reaction system, referred to as one-tube dRPA-Cas12a/Cas13a assay. Results The recombinant plasmid DNAs, crRNAs, and RPA oligonucleotides targeting the FCV ORF1 gene and FHV-1 TK gene were meticulously prepared. Subsequently, dual RPA reactions were performed followed by screening of essential reaction components for hybrid CRISPR-Cas12a (targeting the FHV-1 TK gene) and CRISPR-Cas13a (targeting the FCV ORF1 gene) trans -cleavage reaction. As a result, we successfully established an ultra-sensitive and visually detectable method for simultaneous detection of FCV and FHV-1 nucleic acids using dRPA and CRISPR/Cas-powered technology in one-tube reaction system. Visual readouts were displayed using either a fluorescence detector (Fluor-based assay) or lateral flow dipsticks (LDF-based assay). As expected, this optimized assay exhibited high specificity towards only FHV-1 and FCV without cross-reactivity with other feline pathogens while achieving accurate detection for both targets with limit of detection at 2.4 × 10 − 1 copies/μL for the FHV-1 TK gene and 5.5 copies/μL for the FCV ORF1 gene, respectively. Furthermore, field detection was conducted using the dRPA-Cas12a/Cas13a assay and the reference real-time PCR methods for 56 clinical samples collected from cats with URTD. Comparatively, the results of Fluor-based assay were in exceptional concordance with the reference real-time PCR methods, resulting in high sensitivity (100% for both FHV-1 and FCV), specificity (100% for both FHV-1 and FCV), as well as consistency (Kappa values were 1.00 for FHV-1 and FCV). However, several discordant results for FHV-1 detection were observed by LDF-based assay, which suggests its prudent use and interpretaion for clinical detection. In spite of this, incorporating dRPA-Cas12a/Cas13a assay and visual readouts will facilitate rapid and accurate detection of FHV-1 and FCV in resource-limited settings. Conclusions The one-tube dRPA-Cas12a/Cas13a assay enables simultaneously ultrasensitive and visual detection of FHV-1 and FCV with user-friendly modality, providing unparalleled convenience for FHV-1 and FCV co-infection surveillance and decision-making of URTD management.

Previous studies have identified miR-182 , miR-27a , FoxO1 , and IL2RA as regulatory factors for Treg cell development and function. In order to investigate the association of miR-182, miR-27a, FoxO1 , and IL2RA gene polymorphisms with Behçet’s disease (BD) and Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) syndrome in a Chinese Han population, a two-stage association study was performed in 820 BD, 900 VKH patients, and 1,800 controls using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. In the first stage study, association analysis of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed in 400 BD, 400 VKH patients, and 600 controls. The results showed significantly decreased frequencies of the miR-182/rs76481776 CC genotype and C allele in BD ( P  = 3.36 × 10 −4 , OR = 0.55; P  = 4.74 × 10 −4 , OR = 0.59) and VKH patients ( P  = 1.11 × 10 −4 , OR = 0.53; P  = 1.26 × 10 −4 , OR = 0.56). No significant association of the other nine SNPs with BD or VKH was observed. In the second stage study, association analysis of miR-182/rs76481776 was performed in 420 BD, 500 VKH patients, and 1,200 controls. The second stage and combined studies confirmed the association of miR-182/rs76481776 with BD (CC genotype: P  = 3.25 × 10 −7 , OR = 0.58; C allele: P  = 1.81 × 10 −7 , OR = 0.60) and VKH (CC genotype: P  = 7.89 × 10 −8 , OR = 0.57; C allele: P  = 2.52 × 10 −8 , OR = 0.59). Real-time PCR analysis showed a significantly increased expression of miR-182 in TT/CT cases compared to CC cases in anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies-stimulated CD4 + T cells ( P  = 2.1 × 10 −2 ). In conclusion, this study suggests that miR-182, but not miR-27a, FoxO1 , and IL2RA , contributes to the genetic susceptibility of BD and VKH. Key Message MiR-182 contributes to genetic susceptibility of BD and VKH. No significant association of miR-27a, FoxO1, and IL2RA with BD or VKH was observed. Significantly increased expression of miR-182 in TT/CT cases compared to CC cases was observed.

Background The complex and irregular morphology of prepared oval root canals poses optimal sealing in oval canals as a key endodontic challenge. To address this, this study utilized five types of standardized 3D-printed models replicating prepared anatomy of extracted teeth with oval canal, to characterize the morphological diversity of oval canals after preparation and evaluate the efficacy of three obturation techniques across different morphologies. Methods Five standardized 3-dimensional printed models replicating prepared oval canal morphology were produced using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-derived data from sixty extracted premolars, which had undergone standardized collection, screening, and in vitro preparation procedures. Three obturation techniques ( n  = 15 each) were evaluated: (1) lateral condensation with AH-Plus sealer (AHP-LC), (2) continuous wave vertical compaction with AH-Plus sealer (AHP-CWC), and (3) single-cone technique with iRoot SP sealer (SP-SC). Micro-CT scanning and volumetric analyses were employed to quantify the obturation quality. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, Dunn’s test or Spearman rank’s correlation depending on the experimental design. Results Micro-CT analysis revealed significant differences in the percentage of void volume (PVV) among the obturation techniques. Over the entire canal length, SP-SC demonstrated significantly lower PVV compared to AHP-LC and AHP-CWC ( p  < 0.01). In the apical third, canal morphology significantly influenced the PVV of AHP-CWC ( p  < 0.05), with a more circular cross-section (higher roundness) correlating strongly with a lower PVV ( p  < 0.001). No significant effects of morphology were observed in other canal segments or with the other obturation techniques. Conclusions SP-SC achieved more complete three-dimensional adaptation regardless of morphological variations in oval canals including varied diameter ratios, isthmus and recess. Conversely, AHP-CWC's performance was significantly dependent on canal morphology in the apical third, where more circular cross-sections correlated with lower void volumes.

As a key cellular transcription factor that plays a central role in cellular responses to a broad range of stress factors, p53 has generally been considered as a host cell restriction factor for various viral infections. However, the defined roles of p53 in pseudorabies virus (PRV) replication, pathogenesis, and host responses remain unclear. In the present study, we initially constructed a p53 overexpressing a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK-15) to detect the effect of p53 on PRV replication in vitro. The results show that viral glycoprotein B (gB) gene copies and the titers of virus were significantly higher in p53 overexpressing PK-15 cells than in PK-15 and p53 inhibitor treated p53 overexpressing PK-15 cells. A similar result was also found in the p53 inhibitor PFT-α-treated PK-15 cells. We then examined the effects of p53 on PRV infection in vivo by using p53-knockout (p53 −/− ) mice. The results show that p53 knockout not only led to significantly reduced rates of mortality but also to reduced viral replication and development of viral encephalitis in the brains of mice following intracranial inoculation. Furthermore, we examined the effect of p53 knockout on the expression of the reported host cell regulators of PRV replication in the brains of mice by using RNA sequencing. The results show that p53 knockout downregulated the interferon (IFN) regulator genes, chemokine genes, and antiviral genes after PRV infection. This finding suggests that p53 positively regulates viral replication and pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings offer novel targets of intrinsic host cell immunity for PRV infection.

Under intensifying human activities and climate change, runoff and sediment load have changed significantly in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Daily discharge data at six hydrological stations and daily precipitation at 175 weather stations from 1961–2020 were collected to analyze the changes in hydrological regimes. Two periods, namely the natural period (1961–1980) and the impacted period (1981–2020), were proposed to estimate the impacts of climate change and human activities by using regression analysis to reconstruct the natural runoff and the natural sediment load. The results show that there was a 0–3% difference in runoff reduction in the affected period, compared with the natural period at the five hydrological stations, except for the Datong station, while the sediment load in the whole river basin shows a downward trend varying from 17% to 40%. Human activities are the main reason for the reduced annual runoff at the other five stations during the impacted period, while climate change is the dominant factor for the increased runoff at Datong stations. This is because the precipitation-increased runoff in the basin of Lake Poyang exceeded the human-decreased runoff in the upper reaches. Human activities are the reason for the reduced sediment load in the mainstream during the impacted period, and their effects enhance over time, while climate change brings the opposite.