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الموبايل
تتناول رواية (الموبايل) والذي قامه بتأليفه (ليوجين يون) في حوالي (366) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (القصص الصينية) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : تدور أحداثها حول الإعلامي المعروف يانشوإي مقدم برنامج \"بصراحة\" بالتليفزيون الصيني، وعلاقته بثلاث شخصيات نسائية : زوجته يووين جيوان، التي انفصلت عنه بعد زواج دام عشر سنوات، أقل ما يقال عنها أنها كانت مليئة بالحب والتضحية من جانب واحد ؛ من جانب الزوجة التي تتحمل الكثير في مواجهة الزوج الذي يستغل شهرته الإعلامية ليقيم علاقات عاطفية مع معجباته. وذلك بعد أن نسي الموبايل في البيت مصادفة، لتكتشف زوجته السر الذي كان كافيا لأن ينهي العلاقة فيما بينهما، لتتوالي المصائب التي كان الموبايل سببا في وقوعها للبطل يانشوإي وصديقه الأستاذ الجامعي فيي موه. وعشيقته وويويه الشخصية الثانية التي كانت سببا رئيسا في طلاقه من زوجته، والتي تمكنت في النهاية من تهديده بصورة ألتقطتها وهما معا وأرسلتها له عبر موبايله لتهدده بها، وتطلب مساعدته في تزكيتها للعمل كمذيعة ببرنامج التوك شو الذي يقدمه. الشخصية الثالثة صديقته شين شويه، الأستاذة بقسم التمثيل بمعهد المسرح ببكين والتي تعرف عليها بعد طلاقه من يووين جيوان. ليقدم لنا الكاتب \"الموبايل\" هذا الجهاز الذي استغله البطل يانشوإي كأداة للكذب والخداع، بشكل يتنافي تماما مع اسم ومضمون برنامج التوك شو.
BOOK
Non-chemisorbed gold–sulfur binding prevails in self-assembled monolayers
Gold–thiol contacts are ubiquitous across the physical and biological sciences in connecting organic molecules to surfaces. When thiols bind to gold in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) the fate of the hydrogen remains a subject of profound debate—with implications for our understanding of their physical properties, spectroscopic features and formation mechanism(s). Exploiting measurements of the transmission through a molecular junction, which is highly sensitive to the nature of the molecule–electrode contact, we demonstrate here that the nature of the gold–sulfur bond in SAMs can be probed via single-molecule conductance measurements. Critically, we find that SAM measurements of dithiol-terminated molecular junctions yield a significantly lower conductance than solution measurements of the same molecule. Through numerous control experiments, conductance noise analysis and transport calculations based on density functional theory, we show that the gold–sulfur bond in SAMs prepared from the solution deposition of dithiols does not have chemisorbed character, which strongly suggests that under these widely used preparation conditions the hydrogen is retained.
Gold–thiol contacts are ubiquitous across the physical and biological sciences, connecting organic molecules to surfaces. Now, conductance measurements of different sulfur-bound single-molecule junctions show that thiols—in contrast to the prevailing view—are not chemisorbed on gold, which strongly suggests that the thiol hydrogen is retained.
Journal Article
Empirical Examinations of Whether Rural Population Decline Improves the Rural Eco-Environmental Quality in a Chinese Context
Rural population has continually declined in response to the rapid urbanization process occurring in China, and the related negative socioeconomic impacts on rural development have attracted considerable attention from scholars. Currently, few studies have investigated the eco-environmental impact of rural population decline. By employing remote-sensing data, including land-use and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, this study proposed a method based on the eco-environmental quality index (EQI) to measure the changes in the rural eco-environmental quality (REQ) at the prefectural level from 2000 to 2020. Then, we examined the impacts of rural population decline on REQ variations. We found that (1) most of the research units experienced continuous rural population decline during the research period, with the rural population density declining more than 25% from 2010 to 2020 in approximately half of the research units; (2) the REQ improved in most of the units, especially in the western region, but there were still many units that experienced a decline in the REQ, which were primarily concentrated in the coastal and central regions; (3) rural population decline improved the REQ, but its impacts varied regionally; and (4) rural population density, natural factors, and eco-environmental protection programs had significant influences on REQ variations. These findings may provide a reference for sustainable-development policies in rural China and other developing countries.
Journal Article
Repurposing of clinically approved drugs for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2019-novel coronavirus-related coronavirus model
Medicines for the treatment of 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections are urgently needed. However, drug screening using live 2019-nCoV requires high-level biosafety facilities, which imposes an obstacle for those institutions without such facilities or 2019-nCoV. This study aims to repurpose the clinically approved drugs for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a 2019-nCoV-related coronavirus model.
A 2019-nCoV-related pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V/pangolin/2017/Guangxi was described. Whether GX_P2V uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the cell receptor was investigated by using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of ACE2. The pangolin coronavirus model was used to identify drug candidates for treating 2019-nCoV infection. Two libraries of 2406 clinically approved drugs were screened for their ability to inhibit cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells by GX_P2V infection. The anti-viral activities and anti-viral mechanisms of potential drugs were further investigated. Viral yields of RNAs and infectious particles were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and plaque assay, respectively.
The spike protein of coronavirus GX_P2V shares 92.2% amino acid identity with that of 2019-nCoV isolate Wuhan-hu-1, and uses ACE2 as the receptor for infection just like 2019-nCoV. Three drugs, including cepharanthine (CEP), selamectin, and mefloquine hydrochloride, exhibited complete inhibition of cytopathic effects in cell culture at 10 μmol/L. CEP demonstrated the most potent inhibition of GX_P2V infection, with a concentration for 50% of maximal effect [EC50] of 0.98 μmol/L. The viral RNA yield in cells treated with 10 μmol/L CEP was 15,393-fold lower than in cells without CEP treatment ([6.48 ± 0.02] × 10vs. 1.00 ± 0.12, t = 150.38, P < 0.001) at 72 h post-infection (p.i.). Plaque assays found no production of live viruses in media containing 10 μmol/L CEP at 48 h p.i. Furthermore, we found CEP had potent anti-viral activities against both viral entry (0.46 ± 0.12, vs.1.00 ± 0.37, t = 2.42, P < 0.05) and viral replication ([6.18 ± 0.95] × 10vs. 1.00 ± 0.43, t = 3.98, P < 0.05).
Our pangolin coronavirus GX_P2V is a workable model for 2019-nCoV research. CEP, selamectin, and mefloquine hydrochloride are potential drugs for treating 2019-nCoV infection. Our results strongly suggest that CEP is a wide-spectrum inhibitor of pan-betacoronavirus, and further study of CEP for treatment of 2019-nCoV infection is warranted.
Journal Article
A novel protein encoded by circINSIG1 reprograms cholesterol metabolism by promoting the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of INSIG1 in colorectal cancer
Background
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumors and leads to the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. The role of epigenetic regulation between hypoxia and aberrant cholesterol metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive.
Methods
Hypoxia-responsive circular RNAs (circRNAs) were identified by high throughput RNA sequencing between CRC cells cultured under normoxia or hypoxia. The protein-coding potential of circINSIG1 was identified by polysome profiling and LC–MS. The function of circINSIG1 was validated in vitro and in vivo by gain or loss of function assays. Mechanistic results were concluded by immunoprecipitation analyses.
Results
A novel hypoxia-responsive circRNA named circINSIG1 was identified, which was upregulated in CRC tissues and correlated with advanced clinical stages and poor survival. Mechanistically, circINSIG1 encoded a 121 amino acid protein circINSIG1-121 to promote K48-linked ubiquitination of the critical cholesterol metabolism regulator INSIG1 at lysine 156 and 158 by recruiting CUL5-ASB6 complex, a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, thereby inducing cholesterol biosynthesis to promote CRC proliferation and metastasis. The orthotopic xenograft tumor models and patient-derived xenograft models further identified the role of circINSIG1 in CRC progression and potential therapeutic target of CRC.
Conclusions
circINSIG1 presents an epigenetic mechanism which provides insights into the crosstalk between hypoxia and cholesterol metabolism, and provides a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
Journal Article
Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process regulated by various pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. With the advances in molecular and cellular biology, various biomolecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and adhesion factors involved in tumor angiogenesis has gradually been elucidated. Targeted therapeutic research based on these molecules has driven anti-angiogenic treatment to become a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. The most widely used anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. However, the clinical benefit of this modality has still been limited due to several defects such as adverse events, acquired drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and lack of validated biomarkers, which impel further research on mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, the development of multiple drugs and the combination therapy to figure out how to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we broadly summarize various signaling pathways in tumor angiogenesis and discuss the development and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy. We also propose several new promising approaches to improve anti-angiogenic efficacy and provide a perspective for the development and research of anti-angiogenic therapy.
Journal Article
Rural Population Decline, Cultivated Land Expansion, and the Role of Land Transfers in the Farming-Pastoral Ecotone: A Case Study of Taibus, China
The decline and aging of the rural population in China has been an increasingly conspicuous problem in the past few decades and has been one of the fundamental drivers of cultivated land abandonment and loss. However, although they have endured similar rural demographic changes, some regions have experienced cultivated land expansion and the farming-pastoral ecotone is a typical one. Using Taibus as a case, this study aims to reveal the phenomenon of cultivated land expansion in the context of rural population decline and explore its underlying mechanism by addressing the role of cultivated land protection and land transfer policies. This study will also reveal the possible negative impacts and risks of cultivated land expansion. We found that 64.3% of the rural population in Taibus have migrated to other regions in 2020; however, cultivated land has increased by more than 10% in the past five years. Land transfer policies have helped to solve the agricultural labor shortage problem and increase household income, which encouraged the reclamation activities by rural households. However, under China’s land protection system, the central and the local governments have not enough incentives to prevent these reclamation activities. Cultivated land expansion in the farming-pastoral ecotone may lead to a series of negative impacts or risks, especially the overuse of groundwater resources and land desertification. Thus, we suggest that governments pay more attention to the phenomenon of cultivated land expansion and re-assess the cultivated land use policies in the farming-pastoral ecotone and other regions with similar contexts.
Journal Article
Repeat self-harm among Chinese adolescents: 1-year incidence and psychosocial predictors
PurposeSelf-harm in adolescents is prevalent and is the most significant predictor of future self-harm and suicide. Longitudinal data on the incidence and predictors of repeat self-harm in the general population of adolescents are limited. This study investigated 1-year incidence and psychosocial predictors of repeat self-harm in Chinese adolescents.MethodsShandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort is a longitudinal study of behavior and health in adolescents in Shandong Province, China. Of 7072 participants who were assessed in 2015 and again 1 year later in 2016, 1879 reported a history of self-harm at the baseline survey and were included for this analysis. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to assess behavioral and emotional problems, sleep, life stress, previous history of self-harm and suicidal thought, and family factors at baseline and self-harm at 1-year follow-up.ResultsMean age of the sample was 14.86 (SD 1.36) years and 54.6% were female. At 1-year follow-up, 22.1% participants engaged in repeat self-harm. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that female gender (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.11–1.89), alcohol use (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.48–2.57), frequent nightmares (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14–2.28), elevated depression score (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.05–2.42), and prior suicidal thought (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.37–2.34) were independently and significantly associated with an increased risk of repeat self-harm.ConclusionMore than one in five Chinese adolescents who had a history of self-harm engaged in self-harm at 1-year follow-up. Multiple psychosocial factors including female gender, alcohol use, frequent nightmares, depression, and prior suicidal thought appeared to be significant predictors of repeat self-harm. Our findings highlight the importance of comprehensive psychosocial assessment and intervention of repeat self-harm in adolescents.
Journal Article