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Current cancer treatment strategies continue to face significant challenges, primarily due to tumor relapse, drug resistance, and low treatment efficiency. These issues arise because certain tumor cells adapt to the host immune microenvironment and evade the immune system. This study presents a new cancer immunotherapy strategy using serum-based antibodies from mice exposed to mouse cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (mCSCC). The experiment was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, mCSCC cells were isolated and expanded cultured from DMBA/TPA-induced mCSCC. In the second stage, these expanded tumor cells were injected into healthy mice to stimulate the production of anti-tumor antibodies. In the final stage, therapeutic serum was extracted from these healthy mice and reintroduced into the tumor-bearing mice. An ELISA assay was utilized to analyze the levels of p53, Bcl-xL, NF-κB, and Bax. The results showed that the serum treatment not only reduced tumor volume but also reversed changes in p53, Bcl-xL, NF-κB, and Bax. In conclusion, this study developed a new immunotherapeutic strategy for treating mCSCC. However, further research is needed to fully comprehend the mechanism of this serum treatment.

With digitalization and the support of policies, the creative industries have shown rapid growth in the last 20 years. Open forms of collective learning, user engagement and social networks have become popular to generate IPs and values. Meanwhile, government policy can support the sectors through subsidies, regulations, standardization, and protections at regional and national levels. This paper aims to explore the role of government policy in the innovation of creative industries from a macro dynamic perspective. The research method combines a structured literature review, a secondary document review of industry reports and government policy, and thematic content analysis. Through in-depth studies of the UK's and China's animation sectors, the paper identifies key elements of closed innovation, social innovation, and open innovation systems in the market. Comparisons of national government policies since 2000 reveal different approaches for countries where creative sectors are well-established, and for those starting with limited knowledge resources. A dynamic model is developed to address the evolution of macro dynamic innovation systems and the role of policies as interactive mechanisms. Practical implementation and future research areas are also suggested.

Humans can naturally and effectively find salient regions in complex scenes. Motivated by this observation, attention mechanisms were introduced into computer vision with the aim of imitating this aspect of the human visual system. Such an attention mechanism can be regarded as a dynamic weight adjustment process based on features of the input image. Attention mechanisms have achieved great success in many visual tasks, including image classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, video understanding, image generation, 3D vision, multimodal tasks, and self-supervised learning. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of various attention mechanisms in computer vision and categorize them according to approach, such as channel attention, spatial attention, temporal attention, and branch attention; a related repository https://github.com/MenghaoGuo/Awesome-Vision-Attentions is dedicated to collecting related work. We also suggest future directions for attention mechanism research.

Chondrocytes are the only cell type in normal cartilage. The pathological changes of osteoarthritis (OA) mostly revolve around the apoptosis and dysfunction of chondrocytes. Autophagy, as an intracellular degradation system that maintains the steady state of energy metabolism in cells, has been shown to restore the function of damaged chondrocytes, alleviating the occurrence and progression of OA. In this review, we explored the relationship between autophagy and OA and the key molecules of autophagy pathway that regulate the progression of OA, providing new ideas for OA treatment by targeting autophagy.

Symmetry invariants of a group specify the classes of quasiparticles, namely the classes of projective irreducible co-representations in systems having that symmetry. More symmetry invariants exist in discrete point groups than the full rotation group O(3), leading to new quasiparticles restricted to lattices that do not have any counterpart in a vacuum. We focus on the fermionic quasiparticle excitations under “spin-space group” symmetries, applicable to materials where long-range magnetic order and itinerant electrons coexist. We provide a list of 218 classes of new quasiparticles that can only be realized in the spin-space groups. These quasiparticles have at least one of the following properties that are qualitatively distinct from those discovered in magnetic space group(MSG)s, and distinct from each other:(i) degree of degeneracy,(ii) dispersion as function of momentum, and(iii) rules of coupling to external probe fields. We rigorously prove this result as a theorem that directly relates these properties to the symmetry invariants, and then illustrate this theorem with a concrete example, by comparing three 12-fold fermions having different sets of symmetry invariants including one discovered in MSG. Our approach can be generalized to realize more quasiparticles whose little co-groups are beyond those considered in our work. The symmetry of free space greatly restricts the properties of quasiparticles that exist in free space. Solid state systems, with the discrete symmetry of the crystal lattice, have far fewer restrictions, and here, Fang et al find a vast array of new quasiparticles, with distinct energy dispersions or external field couplings that can only be realised in the spin-space group.

This study, positioned at the critical juncture of China’s transition from digitalization to intelligence, explores how Internet use is associated with social trust and perceptions of social fairness, as well as how these relationships vary across different social contexts. Based on nationally representative data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2021, regression analysis and Bootstrap methods were employed to systematically examine the relationship between internet usage frequency and perceptions of social fairness as well as the mediating role of social trust. Urban-rural heterogeneity was identified as the primary source of variation through within-sample comparison, while Henan Province was examined as a validating case to test mechanism robustness. The research found that in the national sample, internet usage frequency was significantly negatively associated with perceptions of social fairness, and this relationship was partially mediated by the decrease in social trust, with the mediating effect accounting for 24% to 37% of the total effect depending on model specification. Notably, urban residents experience twice the negative impact compared to rural residents (β_urban = −.080 vs. β_rural = −.040, p < .01), revealing significant digital divide effects. The Henan case (n = 398) demonstrates consistent mechanism direction with the national sample, with effect sizes even larger (β = −.089) though marginally significant due to smaller sample size, validating the theoretical robustness of the identified pathways. These findings provide important implications for digital governance practice: digital inclusion policies should shift from “universality-oriented” to “quality-oriented”; mechanisms should be constructed to protect social trust in the digital era; and differentiated urban-rural digital development strategies should be implemented to promote positive interaction between digitalization and social harmony. Plain Language Summary How Internet Use Affects People’s Views on Fairness in China: The Role of Trust and Urban-Rural Differences This study examined how internet use affects people’s feelings about fairness in Chinese society. With over 1.1 billion internet users in China, understanding these effects is crucial for social harmony. We analyzed survey data from 8,000 people across China. We found that people who use the internet more frequently tend to feel society is less fair. This happens because internet use reduces their trust in others—when people trust others less, they also see society as less fair. Trust explains about one-quarter to one-third of this relationship. Importantly, this effect is much stronger for city dwellers than for rural residents. Urban internet users experience twice the negative impact compared to rural users, likely because they encounter more algorithm-driven content showing social inequalities and have weaker face-to- face community connections. These findings suggest that digital policies should go beyond simply providing internet access. Instead, they should focus on helping people use the internet wisely, protecting social trust online, and recognizing that cities and rural areas need different approaches to digital development.

Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play an important role in the growth and angiogenesis of glioma. However, the potential mechanisms of lncRNA H19 in glioma remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of lncRNA H19 on glioma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis were evaluated. The expression levels of H19, miR-342, and Wnt5a in glioma tissues and cells were detected by RT-qPCR or Western blotting. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction between H19, miR-342, and Wnt5a. Cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis were analyzed by colony formation, transwell, and tube formation assays, respectively. IHC was performed to test the angiogenesis-related factor CD31. H19 and Wnt5a expression were remarkably upregulated in glioma tissues and cells, whereas miR-342 expression was downregulated. Moreover, functional analysis confirmed that knockdown of H19 or overexpression of miR-342 suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Besides, H19 was found to directly target miR-342 to promote Wnt5a expression and activate β-catenin pathway in glioma cells. Moreover, suppression of miR-342 or overexpression of Wnt5a reversed the inhibitory effect of sh-H19 on glioma growth and metastasis. Additionally, we verified that H19 promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis via miR-342/Wnt5a/β-catenin axis in vivo. H19 regulates glioma cell growth and metastasis through miR-342 to mediate Wnt5a/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provides new therapeutic targets for glioma treatment.