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"Liu, Zhu"
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Lun yu = The Analects of Confucius
Ben shu cai yong ying han dui zhao de xing shi shou lu. shi zhong guo gu dai ru jia de yi bu zhong yao jing dian, Shi kong zi di zi ji qi zai chuan di zi guan yu kong zi yan xing de ji lu.
Book
Identification of a prefrontal cortex-to-amygdala pathway for chronic stress-induced anxiety
Dysregulated prefrontal control over amygdala is engaged in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases including depression and anxiety disorders. Here we show that, in a rodent anxiety model induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS), the dysregulation occurs in basolateral amygdala projection neurons receiving mono-directional inputs from dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC→BLA PNs) rather than those reciprocally connected with dmPFC (dmPFC↔BLA PNs). Specifically, CRS shifts the dmPFC-driven excitatory-inhibitory balance towards excitation in the former, but not latter population. Such specificity is preferential to connections made by dmPFC, caused by enhanced presynaptic glutamate release, and highly correlated with the increased anxiety-like behavior in stressed mice. Importantly, low-frequency optogenetic stimulation of dmPFC afferents in BLA normalizes the enhanced prefrontal glutamate release onto dmPFC→BLA PNs and lastingly attenuates CRS-induced increase of anxiety-like behavior. Our findings thus reveal a target cell-based dysregulation of mPFC-to-amygdala transmission for stress-induced anxiety.
Dysregulated prefrontal control over amygdala has been implicated in the etiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Here, the authors show that the dysregulation preferentially occurs in amygdala neurons that are mono- but not bi-directionally connected with dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.
Journal Article
المدينة المحرمة في 600 عام = Forbidden city = Cheng
هي أكبر فضاء معماري موجود، وهي بحجمها واتساع رقعتها، تدل على هيمنة الإمبراطورية على العالم، وأيا كانت قوة ونفوذ المرء فإنه بمجرد دخوله المدينة المحرمة، يجد نفسه أشبه بحبة رمل في صحراء واسعة، لا أهمية له، وعليه أن يخضع لهيمنة ذلك الفضاء، وأن يخضع سيره وجلوسه لقوانين ذلك الفضاء ؛ أما بالنسبة للإمبراطور فالوضع مختلف، فهو وحده سيد المكان، فهو لا يخضع في ظهوره وفي أي مناسبة لأي قيد أو شرط، في جلوسه على عرش التنين في قاعة الانسجام الأسمى، يصبح مركز الكون، ولا سيطرة للفضاء الواسع عليه. عندما يفقد الناس ذواتهم في القصور الضخمة ففي ذلك استعارة لسلطة الإمبراطور على رعاياه المبنية على أساس معماري حينما يمر الإمبراطور في القصر يفرض هيمنته على الجميع.
Book
Stereodivergent propargylic alkylation of enals via cooperative NHC and copper catalysis
Despite that asymmetric stereodivergent synthesis has experienced great success to provide unusual processes for the creation of chirality complexity, concepts appliable to asymmetric stereodivergent catalysis are still limited. The dependence on the unusual capacity of each catalyst to precisely control the reactive site planar in the region poses unparalleled constraints on this field. Here, we first demonstrate that the chiral Cu-allenylidene species can participate in the stereodivergent propargylic alkylation of enals, in concert with chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Thus, all four stereoisomers were obtained with excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity (up to >99% e.e. and >95:5 d.r.) from the same starting materials by simply altering chiral Cu-Pybox complex and NHC combinations. The rich chemistry workable in the products enables the structurally diverse synthesis of chiral functional molecules and holds great potential in alkaloid synthesis, as showcased by the preparation of the key building block to access (-)-perophoramidine.
The ability to construct multiple stereocenters in a modular fashion is an important goal of synthetic organic chemistry. Here the authors present a method to construct oxindoles in four stereoisomers with high enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity from the same starting materials by using cooperative copper- and organocatalysis.
Journal Article
Atomistic simulation of quantum transport in nanoelectronic devices
\"Computational nanoelectronics is an emerging multi-disciplinary field covering condensed matter physics, applied mathematics, computer science, and electronic engineering. In recent decades, a few state-of-the-art software packages have been developed to carry out first-principle atomistic device simulations. Nevertheless those packages are either black boxes (commercial codes) or accessible only to very limited users (private research codes). The purpose of this book is to open one of the commercial black boxes, and to demonstrate the complete procedure from theoretical derivation, to numerical implementation, all the way to device simulation. Meanwhile the affiliated source code constitutes an open platform for new researchers. This is the first book of its kind. We hope the book will make a modest contribution to the field of computational nanoelectronics\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Is X(7200) the heavy anti-quark diquark symmetry partner of X(3872)?
The D(∗)Ξcc(∗) system and Ξ¯cc(∗)Ξcc(∗) system can be related to the D(∗)D¯(∗) system via heavy anti-quark di-quark symmetry (HADS). In this work, we employ a contact-range effective field theory to systematically investigate the likely existence of molecules in these systems in terms of the hypothesis that X(3872) is a 1++DD¯∗ bound state in the isospin symmetry limit, with some of the unknown low energy constants estimated using the light-meson saturation approximation. In the meson–meson system, a JPC=2++D¯∗D∗ molecule commonly referred to as X(4013) is reproduced, which is the heavy quark spin partner of X(3872). In the meson-baryon system, we predict two triply charmed pentaquark molecules, JP=1/2-D∗Ξcc and JP=5/2-D∗Ξcc∗. In the baryon-baryon system, there exist seven di-baryon molecules, JPC=0-+Ξ¯ccΞcc, JPC=1--Ξ¯ccΞcc, JPC=1-+Ξ¯ccΞcc∗, JPC=1--Ξ¯ccΞcc∗, JPC=2-+Ξ¯ccΞcc∗, JPC=2-+Ξ¯cc∗Ξcc∗, and JPC=3--Ξ¯cc∗Ξcc∗. Among them, the JPC=0-+Ξ¯ccΞcc molecule may contribute to the X(7200) state recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration, which implies that X(7200) can be related to X(3872) via HADS. As a byproduct, with the heavy quark flavor symmetry we also study likely existence of molecular states in the B(∗)B¯(∗), B¯(∗)Ξbb(∗), and Ξ¯bb(∗)Ξbb(∗) systems.
Journal Article
Molecular biomarkers in cardiac hypertrophy
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in myocyte size in the absence of cell division. This condition is thought to be an adaptive response to cardiac wall stress resulting from the enhanced cardiac afterload. The pathogenesis of heart dysfunction, which is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly people, is often associated with myocardial remodelling caused by cardiac hypertrophy. In order to well understand the potential mechanisms, we described the molecules involved in the development and progression of myocardial hypertrophy. Increasing evidence has indicated that micro‐RNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, molecular biomarkers including vascular endothelial growth factor B, NAD‐dependent deacetylase sirtuin‐3, growth/differentiation factor 15 and glycoprotein 130, also play important roles in the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Knowing the regulatory mechanisms of these biomarkers in the heart may help identify new molecular targets for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
Journal Article
Chinese CO2 emission flows have reversed since the global financial crisis
This study seeks to estimate the carbon implications of recent changes in China’s economic development patterns and role in global trade in the post-financial-crisis era. We utilised the latest socioeconomic datasets to compile China’s 2012 multiregional input-output (MRIO) table. Environmentally extended input-output analysis and structural decomposition analysis (SDA) were applied to investigate the driving forces behind changes in CO
2
emissions embodied in China’s domestic and foreign trade from 2007 to 2012. Here we show that emission flow patterns have changed greatly in both domestic and foreign trade since the financial crisis. Some economically less developed regions, such as Southwest China, have shifted from being a net emission exporter to being a net emission importer. In terms of foreign trade, emissions embodied in China’s exports declined from 2007 to 2012 mainly due to changes in production structure and efficiency gains, while developing countries became the major destination of China’s export emissions.
China has entered a new normal phase of economic development with a changing role in global trade. Here the authors show that emissions embodied in China’s exports declined from 2007 to 2012, while developing countries become the major destinations of China’s export emissions.
Journal Article