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Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is a sexually transmitted, contagious neoplasia in dogs. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of the TVT and assess the efficacy of two chemotherapeutic treatments, vincristine sulfate and vinblastine sulfate, in treating TVT. A total of 20 dogs with TVTs randomly divided into two groups, A and B, each consisting of 10 dogs were included in this study. Group A received intravenous vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.025 mg/kg for 2-5 weeks, while group B was treated with vinblastine sulfate at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg for 3-5 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the start of treatment and at various intervals thereafter for complete blood count analysis. The results showed a significant association between lymphocyte count and treatment duration for both vincristine sulfate and vinblastine sulfate. Similarly, the treatment duration had a significant effect on platelet and white blood cell concentrations (P<0.05) for both chemotherapeutic agents. Cytological examination revealed round to slightly polyhedral cells with grayish cytoplasmic appearance upon staining. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of individual round cells with vesicular nuclei in TVTs. The study found that TVTs were more commonly observed in female dogs, dogs between 2-4 years of age, mixed breed, and without a chain. In females, TVTs were anatomically located in the vestibule vaginal area, while in males, they were found in the bulbous glands. Lower incidence of TVTs was observed in male dogs, age 0-2 years, with TVTs located in the vulvovaginal region in females and the penis in males. Chihuahua breed and breeder dogs also showed lower incidence of TVT. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that both vincristine sulfate and vinblastine sulfate are effective treatment protocols for canine TVT in dogs.

Chlamydia abortus causes enzootic abortion in sheep and poses a zoonotic public health threat. Since chlamydiosis leads to significant economic losses, this cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Chlamydia abortus in ewe flocks with a history of abortion from the district Layyah of Pakistani Punjab. For this purpose, 184 serum samples were tested from 50 privately owned sheep flocks located across three sub districts (Tehsils) by commercially available iELISA kit. The seroprevalence (%) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and potential risk factors were analysed. A 25.8% (CI 15.2–39.6) flock-based and 7.9% (CI 4.4–12.6) individual-based true seroprevalence was observed. The highest seroprevalence was recorded in Tehsil Layyah (58.7% flock-level and 18.5% individual-level) followed by Karor Lal Esan (17.4% flock-level and 4.7% individual-level), whereas no flock was found positive in Tehsil Choubara. The association of potential risk factors; age group, flock size, feeding system, rearing system, species and breeds, with seropositivity was determined by chi-square testing. Only the history of abortions was found to be significantly (OR: 11.0, p  < 0.001) associated with the higher seroprevalence in the sampled flocks. This study is the first to document the seroprevalence of ovine enzootic abortion from the district of Layyah, and we recommend further investigations and extension efforts to consider a control strategy in affected flocks.

ABSTRACT Brucellosis is worldwide zoonotic infection. A total of 384 serum samples were collected from cross bred dairy cattle at three different private farms located in Gujranwala, Pakistan. The samples were analysed by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and by indirect-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA). The overall seroprevalence was found to be 28.90 and 27.86% by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. Previous history of animal reproductive disorders was found to be significantly associated (P=0.0056) with seropositivity of the infection. Age, sex, parity, lactation and pregnancy status of the animal were not found significantly associated. Routine herd screening, consumtion of pasteurized milk and public awareness programmes would be helpful for control and prevention of zoonotic transmission.

The aim of present study was to determine the changes of sodium, potassium, chloride, copper, and zinc in serum of Nili-Ravi buffalo during pregnancy and lactation. The study was carried out on 25 Nili-Ravi buffaloes during March 2008 to February 2009 at Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki, District Kasur. Blood samples were taken from each buffalo during early pregnancy (Phase EP), i.e., between 1 and 3 months gestation, mid pregnancy (Phase MP), i.e., between 4 and 6 months gestation, late pregnancy (Phase LP), i.e., between 7 and 10 months gestation, and during lactation (Phase LT). Serum sodium, potassium, and chloride were determined on a clinical chemistry analyzer whereas copper and zinc were determined on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean serum sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations varied non-significantly (P > 0.05) during pregnancy and lactation. With advancing pregnancy, copper increased and was significantly high (P < 0.05) during late pregnancy whereas during lactation copper concentrations dropped significantly (P < 0.05). The zinc concentrations increased non-significantly during early and mid pregnancy. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in zinc concentrations during lactation compared with late pregnancy. This study demonstrates that concentrations of serum sodium, potassium, and chloride remain unchanged during pregnancy and lactation whereas serum copper concentrations increased and zinc concentrations decreased with advancing pregnancy because of the demand of the fetus at different periods of pregnancy.