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"Lokesh, P."
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Embedded system-based enhanced smart security systems for intelligent monitoring applications: A review
The advanced smart security system uses palm vein technology and machine learning to enhance authentication. It combines biometric data with behavioral analysis, continuously adapting to improve security. AI integration allows for anomaly detection, distinguishing normal user interactions from suspicious activities. The user-friendly interface makes it accessible for various applications, ensuring resilient protection against evolving threats. The palm vein technology not only enhances security but also minimizes the risk of false positives and negatives, ensuring a reliable and efficient authentication process. In practical scenarios, the proposed system's versatility extends to securing confidential information in various sectors such as finance, research institutions, and government facilities. Its adaptability and compatibility with existing infrastructure make it a seamless and effective solution for organizations seeking to bolster their security measures. Moreover, the system's integration with mobile devices enables users to receive real-time notifications, allowing for prompt action in the event of a security breach. This feature contributes to the overall responsiveness and effectiveness of the security system, especially in remote locations where immediate intervention may be crucial. In conclusion, the advanced smart security system with palm vein technology not only introduces a novel approach to authentication but also addresses the limitations of existing models. The incorporation of machine learning, behavioral analysis, and real-time notifications significantly enhances its overall security features, making it a costeffective and reliable solution for a wide array of applications.
Journal Article
Contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Indonesia
This study provides the first set of quantitative data on the occurrence and fate of a wide range of contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in Indonesia’s largest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The WWTP employs waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) as the secondary treatment before discharging the effluent to the Citarum River. Fourteen out of twenty-two monitored CECs were detected in the wastewater influent, and seven were present in the effluent, with a total concentration of 29.8 ± 0.4 µg/L and 0.5 ± 0.0 µg/L, respectively. The occurrence of the CECs in this study was found to be well correlated with their possible use and known detection in surface waters in Indonesia. Caffeine (CAF) at 12.2 ± 0.1 µg/L, acetaminophen (ACT) at 9.1 ± 0.1 µg/L,
N
,
N
-diethyl-
m
-toluamide (DEET) at 5.0 ± 0.1 µg/L, ibuprofen (IBU) at 2.3 ± 0.0 µg/L, and triclosan (TCS) at 470 ± 64 ng/L were discovered as the five most prevalent CECs, followed by bisphenol A (BPA), trimethoprim (TMP), Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), sulfamethazine (SMZ), carbamazepine (CBZ), fluoxetine (FLX), benzotriazole (BTA), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and metformin (METF). Biodegradable CECs (SMX, SMZ, ACT, IBU, TCS, BPA, CAF, DEET, and TMP) were efficiently removed (83–100%) by the WSP. In contrast, recalcitrant CECs achieved poor removal efficiencies (e.g., FLX at 24%), and for others, treatment processes even resulted in elevated concentrations in the effluent (CBZ by 85%, TCEP by 149%, and BTA by 92%). The CECs’ influent concentrations were determined to pose a moderate aquatic cumulative risk, while no such risk was associated with their effluent concentrations. The study demonstrates the importance of conventional WWTPs in reducing the concentrations of CECs to minimize their aquatic contamination risk. The findings are relevant for countries, such as Indonesia, with limited resources for advanced centralized wastewater treatments, and which are exploring the efficacy of centralized WSP against the existing decentralized treatments.
Journal Article
Photodegradation and adsorption of hexazinone in aqueous solutions: removal efficiencies, kinetics, and mechanisms
Hexazinone, a globally applied broad-spectrum triazine herbicide, has not been mechanistically investigated previously under advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and adsorption on activated carbon. In this study, its fate during UV-based oxidation with/without hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) and adsorption on coconut shell–based granular activated carbon (CSGAC) in water matrices was investigated. A comparison between various irradiation sources (visible, UVA, UVB, and UVC) revealed the highest degradation rate under UVC. More than 98% degradation of hexazinone was observed under 3 J cm
−2
UVC fluence in the presence of 0.5 mM H
2
O
2
at pH 7. Moreover, the degradation rate enhanced significantly with an increase in the initial dosage of H
2
O
2
, UV fluence, and contact time in the UV/H
2
O
2
process. The rate of degradation was lower using secondary effluent than that of Milli-Q water due to the presence of dissolved organics in wastewater. However, the reactions in both matrices obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The effect of different scavengers, including methanol, potassium iodide (KI), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), showed that hydroxyl radicals (
•
OH) played a dominant role in hexazinone degradation in the UV/H
2
O
2
process. Hexazinone was effectively adsorbed by CSGAC through π-π electron donor–acceptor interactions between hexazinone’s triazine ring and CSGAC’s surface functional groups. The isotherm and kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order reaction, respectively, suggesting chemisorption. This study provided mechanistic insights on the removal of hexazinone at the tertiary stage of wastewater treatment or the advanced treatment of wastewater reuse.
Journal Article
TargetMine, an Integrated Data Warehouse for Candidate Gene Prioritisation and Target Discovery
Prioritising candidate genes for further experimental characterisation is a non-trivial challenge in drug discovery and biomedical research in general. An integrated approach that combines results from multiple data types is best suited for optimal target selection. We developed TargetMine, a data warehouse for efficient target prioritisation. TargetMine utilises the InterMine framework, with new data models such as protein-DNA interactions integrated in a novel way. It enables complicated searches that are difficult to perform with existing tools and it also offers integration of custom annotations and in-house experimental data. We proposed an objective protocol for target prioritisation using TargetMine and set up a benchmarking procedure to evaluate its performance. The results show that the protocol can identify known disease-associated genes with high precision and coverage. A demonstration version of TargetMine is available at http://targetmine.nibio.go.jp/.
Journal Article
Long Non-Coding RNAs, Nuclear Receptors and Their Cross-Talks in Cancer—Implications and Perspectives
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in various epigenetic and post-transcriptional events in the cell, thereby significantly influencing cellular processes including gene expression, development and diseases such as cancer. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of ligand-regulated transcription factors that typically regulate transcription of genes involved in a broad spectrum of cellular processes, immune responses and in many diseases including cancer. Owing to their many overlapping roles as modulators of gene expression, the paths traversed by lncRNA and NR-mediated signaling often cross each other; these lncRNA-NR cross-talks are being increasingly recognized as important players in many cellular processes and diseases such as cancer. Here, we review the individual roles of lncRNAs and NRs, especially growth factor modulated receptors such as androgen receptors (ARs), in various types of cancers and how the cross-talks between lncRNAs and NRs are involved in cancer progression and metastasis. We discuss the challenges involved in characterizing lncRNA-NR associations and how to overcome them. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms of lncRNA-NR associations is crucial to realizing their potential as prognostic features, diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer biology.
Journal Article
Hydrolytic genes of antagonistic rhizobacteria strains on Fusarium udum causing wilt disease in pigeonpea
Pigeaonpea is attacked by various diseases, including the wilt disease of pigeonpea caused by Fusarium udum. This disease is a severe pathogen to this crop. This study aims to identify the potential biocontrol agent against wilt disease as a fungicide alternative. Forty-seven isolates were evaluated for antagonistic activity against F. udum by dual culture method. Interaction of F. udum and antagonistic bacteria was studied in potato dextrose agar (PDA) under in vitro conditions and lysis of fungal hyphae was observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope. Dry weight of F. udum mycelium was recorded after 3 days of co-inoculation with the rhizobacteria in PDB. Potential antagonistic bacterial isolates were further used for enzymatic assay in vitro conditions. Molecular characterization of bacteria was done by using primers based on hydrolytic genes like chitinase and 1,3-glucanase related genes, amplified at 402 and 750 bp, respectively. Out of forty-seven bacterial isolates used to assess their antagonistic activity, only eight isolates, viz., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CFLB 31, Bacillus velezensis CFLB 24, Bacillus subtilis CFLB 11, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila CFLB 26, S. matalophila CFLB 47, Microbacteria sp. CFLB 28, G.nicotiana CFLB 18 and Pseudoarthrobacter sp. CFLB 36 showed the promising antagonistic activity against F. udum with 70–84% inhibition in a dual culture plate assay. Among them, three Bacillus species (B. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, B. subtilis) and S. maltophilia CFLB 47 were found to be the most effective biocontrol agent against F. udum under in vitro conditions. Lysis of fungal hyphae was also noted during interaction of fungus and bacteria on PDA. These isolates were screened for production of hydrolytic enzymes activities and they showed positive for production of pectinase, protease and cellulase under in vitro conditions. These isolates amplified chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase-related genes at 402 and 750 bp, respectively. In addition, bacterial strains reduced the mycelium weight of F. udum with the range of 58.42 − 86.84% during co-inoculation in PDB. However, B. amyloliquefaciens had the highest percentage of biomass reduction, up to 86.84%. Bacterial treatments are considered beneficial and nature-friendly. The results propose that the eight potential strains and their hydrolytic enzymatic properties made them promise to manage wilt disease of pigeonpea.
Journal Article
Fate of environmental pollutants
This annual review covers the literature published in 2018 on topics related to the occurrence and fate of environmental pollutants in wastewater. Due to the vast amount of literature published on this topic, we have discussed only a portion of the quality research publications, due to the limitation of space. The abstract search was carried out using Web of Science, and the abstracts were selected based on their relevance. In a few cases, full-text articles were referred to understand new findings better. This review is divided into the following sections: antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), disinfection by-products (DBPs), drugs of abuse (DoAs), estrogens, heavy metals, microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS), pesticides, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), with the addition of two new classes of pollutants to previous years (DoAs and PFAS).
Journal Article
Informed consent: Issues and challenges
Informed consent is an ethical and legal requirement for research involving human participants. It is the process where a participant is informed about all aspects of the trial, which are important for the participant to make a decision and after studying all aspects of the trial the participant voluntarily confirms his or her willingness to participate in a particular clinical trial and significance of the research for advancement of medical knowledge and social welfare. The concept of informed consent is embedded in the principles of Nuremberg Code, The Declaration of Helsinki and The Belmont Report. Informed consent is an inevitable requirement prior to every research involving human being as subjects for study. Obtaining consent involves informing the subject about his or her rights, the purpose of the study, procedures to be undertaken, potential risks and benefits of participation, expected duration of study, extent of confidentiality of personal identification and demographic data, so that the participation of subjects in the study is entirely voluntary. This article provides an overview of issues in informed consent: The obligations of investigator, sponsor and Institutional Review Board to protect rights and welfare of human research subjects. It discusses about the basic elements of informed consent and the process to be followed while obtaining informed consent. Some of the circumstances under which informed consent can be waived and ethical challenges faced by physicians in obtaining informed consent from subjects are also highlighted in this article.
Journal Article