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High-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions are commonly used for bowel preparation but are often poorly tolerated, reducing patient compliance. Shouhui Tongbian Capsules (SHTBC), a traditional Chinese medicine known to promote gastrointestinal motility, may offer an alternative approach. However, its role in bowel preparation remains unclear. To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a novel bowel preparation regimen combining SHTBC with low-volume PEG (2L) compared to conventional high-volume PEG (3L). Multicenter, randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial. A total of 404 participants scheduled for colonoscopy across 34 medical centers in China were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (SHTBC + 2L PEG,  = 202) and the control group (3L PEG,  = 202). Bowel preparation quality was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), with successful cleansing defined as a total BBPS score ⩾6. The secondary outcomes included time to adequate bowel movement, number of bowel movements, patient tolerance, acceptance, and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The success rate of bowel preparation was comparable between groups (  = 0.7454). The experimental group had a slightly longer time to first adequate bowel movement on the day of colonoscopy (  = 0.0013) but experienced fewer bowel movements the day before (  < 0.0001). The experimental group reported significantly fewer ADRs (  = 0.0311) and better tolerance, including reduced bloating, nausea, and sleep disturbance (  < 0.01 for all). Patient acceptance was higher in the experimental group (92.89% vs 88.32%), although the difference was not statistically significant (  = 0.4170). SHTBC combined with 2L PEG is a safe, effective, and better-tolerated alternative to 3L PEG for bowel preparation before colonoscopy, offering a promising strategy to improve patient compliance. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300069962.

Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the dominant outbreak defoliator of Aquilaria sinensis (Myrtales: Thymelaeaceae, the agarwood-producing tree), poses a severe threat to the sustainable development of the agarwood industry. Current research has preliminarily revealed its biological traits and gene functions. However, significant gaps persist in integrating climate adaptation mechanisms, control technologies, and host interaction networks across disciplines. This review systematically synthesizes the multidimensional mechanisms underlying H. vitessoides outbreaks through the logical framework of “Fundamental Biology of Outbreaks—Environmental Drivers—Control Strategies—Molecular Regulation—Host Defense.” First, we integrate the biological characteristics of H. vitessoides with its climatic response patterns, elucidating the ecological pathways through which temperature and humidity drive population outbreaks by regulating development duration and host resource availability. Subsequently, we assess the efficacy and limitations of existing control techniques (e.g., pheromone trapping, Beauveria bassiana application), highlighting the critical bottleneck of insufficient mechanistic understanding at the molecular level. Building on this, we delve into the molecular adaptation mechanisms of H. vitessoides. Specifically, detoxification genes (e.g., HvGSTs1) and temperature stress-responsive genes (e.g., HvCAT, HvGP) synergistically enhance stress tolerance, while chemosensory genes mediate mating and host location behaviors. Concurrently, we reveal the host defense strategy of A. sinensis, involving activation of secondary metabolite defenses via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and emission of volatile organic compounds that attract natural enemies—an “induced resistance–natural enemy collaboration” mechanism. Finally, we propose future research directions: deep integration of gene editing to validate key targets, multi-omics analysis to decipher the host–pest–natural enemy interaction network, and development of climate–gene–population dynamics models. These approaches aim to achieve precision control by bridging molecular mechanisms with environmental regulation. This review not only provides innovative pathways for managing H. vitessoides but also establishes a paradigm for cross-scale research on pests affecting high-value economic forests.

Background Gastric adenocarcinoma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with varying prognoses. In clinicopathological practice, we noticed a special tubular adenocarcinoma with diffuse neutrophils infiltrating (TADNI). However, the proportion and characteristics of TADNI remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the features of TADNI and explore probable treatments. Methods We divided 289 tubular adenocarcinoma cases into the TADNI and non-TADNI (nTADNI) groups by histological neutrophil quantity and performed immunohistochemistry of treatment-associated markers (CXCR1, CXCR2, PD-L1, CD8, HER2 and VEGFR2). Then we evaluated the clinical and morphological features in these cases. We also compared the value of histological features and peripheral blood neutrophil test. In addition, multiomics bioinformatic analyses were performed using the public datasets. Results In our cohort, TADNI accounted for 10.4% of all tubular adenocarcinoma cases. These cases had worse prognoses (especially the neutrophils mainly outside the tubes) than nTADNI cases. The histological identification of TADNI had more prognostic value than peripheral blood neutrophils. CXCR1/CXCR2 expression was significantly high in TADNI group which indicated that CXCR1/CXCR2 inhibitors might be beneficial for TADNI patients. There were no significant differences in the expression of PD-L1, CD8, HER2 and VEGFR2. The analyses of TCGA data confirmed that TADNI cases had poorer prognoses and higher CXCR1/CXCR2 expression. Bioinformatic results also revealed molecular features (more hsa-mir-223 expression, fewer CD8-positive T cells and regulatory T cells, tighter communication between tumor cells’ CXCR1/CXCR2 and neutrophils’ CXCL5/CXCL8) of this type. Conclusions TADNI is a special morphological subtype with poorer prognoses and unique molecular characteristics, which might benefit from CXCR1/CXCR2 inhibitors. Graphical abstract

Background Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) face a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and heart failure (HF) being major contributors. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) defines LV systolic dysfunction and is closely linked to adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of abnormal LVEF in ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis and to examine the prognostic significance of varying LVEF levels on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. Methods and results A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1,019 ESRD patients receiving hemodialysis at People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Based on baseline LVEF, patients were classified into three groups: reduced ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%, rEF), mildly reduced ejection fraction (LVEF 41–49%, mrEF), and normal ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 50%, nEF). Clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), were analyzed to assess the impact of LVEF levels. During a median follow-up of 35 months (IQR, 31–51 months), 214 patients (21.0%) died, and 218 (21.4%) experienced MACEs. The prevalence of abnormal LVEF was 13.35%, with 7.55% of patients in the mrEF group and 5.80% in the rEF group. Patients with abnormal LVEF showed significantly higher rates of all-cause mortality and MACEs than those with normal LVEF. In the rEF group, the odds ratios (ORs) for all-cause mortality and MACEs were 2.91 (95% CI: 1.83–4.63, P  < 0.001) and 4.76 (95% CI: 2.43–9.46, P  < 0.001), respectively. In the mrEF group, ORs for all-cause mortality and MACEs were 1.69 (95% CI: 1.09–2.62, P  = 0.019) and 2.68 (95% CI: 1.54–4.68, P  < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Abnormal LVEF is prevalent in ESRD patients on hemodialysis and is strongly associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality and MACEs. Lower LVEF levels correlate with poorer outcomes, underscoring the importance of early detection and targeted management strategies to improve prognosis in this high-risk population.

Graphene-reinforced aluminium composites have been widely studied due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, only a few studies have reported their dynamic compression properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the quasi-static and dynamic compression properties of graphene-reinforced aluminium composites. The addition of graphene improved the compressive stress resistance and energy absorption capacity of the aluminium matrix. An aluminium-0.5 wt.% graphene composite exhibited good compressive properties due to the different interfacial wave impedance generated by the additional grain boundaries or Aluminium-Graphene interfaces.

This paper proposed a concept prototype of the arm-claw-type manipulator with a general purpose support vessel for the rapid salvage of deep submergence vehicles, aircraft, satellites, etc. The key functions were realized, including object clamping, claw butting and locking, position and posture adjustment, awareness, positioning, and navigation. The prototype was successfully tested in a lake environment on a hollow and cylindrical object. The arm-claw-type manipulator is suitable for the rapid salvage of cylindrical objects in an underwater environment to minimize the clamping force and possible clamping damage on the object being salvaged. Four propeller thrusters with a symmetrical arrangement can be used for the adjustment of position and posture in underwater environments, to match the orientation of the object. Cameras capture the profile images of the underwater salvage object and can be used for posture adjustment, but in dark, deep-water environments, sonar can be used in the place of underwater cameras.

The image-processing method, based on Photoshop software, was used to analyze the fiber distribution pattern in yarn cross section for vortex-spun yarn. Fiber packing density and fiber effective packing density, as well as the fiber migration index, were investigated to provide a better understanding of the internal structures of vortex-spun yarn. The research results indicate that the vortex-spun yarn has a lower fiber packing density value than the conventional ring-spun yarn at the yarn center and surface. For the bamboo pulp fiber/white cotton blend vortex-spun yarn, the bamboo pulp fibers are more easily distributed in the yarn core. In addition, the coarser the vortex-spun yarn, the higher the migration level of the bamboo pulp fiber tending to migrate towards the inner layer of the blend yarn.

天然气水合物研发工作已经进入陆上和海上的现场试验阶段，其中，仅有日本和中国开展了海域水合物试采。通过对日本两次海域水合物试采的全面总结以及对日本水合物产业化开发设想的充分认识，发现尽管日本拥有丰富的水合物资源且投入了大量的人力、物力和财力用于水合物研发，但仍然没有形成可确保稳定产气的技术体系。因此，水合物的产业化进程将是一个相对漫长的过程，有必要加强资源勘查、技术装备示范和体系化、试采、规范制度等方面的部署和实施。