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While Browning was writing about a disappointing marriage in \"Andrea del Sarto,\" his home country publicly engaged in the discussions of marriage, infidelity, and divorce that led to the 1857 Divorce and Matrimonial Causes Act, legislation that notoriously codified the sexual double standard whereby men-but not women-could sue for divorce solely on the basis of a spouse's adultery.4 Lucrezia's openness about her infidelity, and Andrea's connivance at it and devotion despite it, would present challenges to received notions of morality and marriage in Victorian England.\\n Readers can see that these are the actings out of beings who naturally chafe at the subjections and artificial restrictions usual to women. \"21 Lucrezia's \"mould\" will be less distinct than the sculptor's emergent statue because she is always mediated and imagined in the materials of her husband's language, but that exquisite subtlety is the price of Browning's choice of dramatic monologue as his medium, and the reward of his experiment testing the limits of speech, gender, and genre.

The novels form and interests, plot devices, and authorial choices derived from a conscious desire to use fiction as a medium for debating the issues at stake in deciding the future path of the workers' movement.2 For Wheeler, the desirability of revolution is the point of departure-not a regrettable illusion to be corrected by the hero's acquisition of wisdom-for a plot which then goes on to a frontal assault on the problem of how. From these plot elements the novel derives the political conclusions which set it apart both from other social problem novels and from earlier notions of how to carry on liberation struggles: its contention that laboring men and women must break from reliance on the middle class, seek revolution and not simply reform, and organize themselves in a tightly cohesive party for the greatest effectiveness in achieving that aim.

On 26 September 2022, the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft struck Dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 Didymos 1 . Because it is a binary system, it is possible to determine how much the orbit of the satellite changed, as part of a test of what is necessary to deflect an asteroid that might threaten Earth with an impact. In nominal cases, pre-impact predictions of the orbital period reduction ranged from roughly 8.8 to 17 min (refs. 2 , 3 ). Here we report optical observations of Dimorphos before, during and after the impact, from a network of citizen scientists’ telescopes across the world. We find a maximum brightening of 2.29 ± 0.14 mag on impact. Didymos fades back to its pre-impact brightness over the course of 23.7 ± 0.7 days. We estimate lower limits on the mass contained in the ejecta, which was 0.3–0.5% Dimorphos’s mass depending on the dust size. We also observe a reddening of the ejecta on impact. Optical observations of Dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 Didymos, before, during and after the impact of the DART spacecraft, from a network of citizen science telescopes across the world are reported.

Giant exoplanets orbiting close to their host stars are unlikely to have formed in their present configurations 1 . These ‘hot Jupiter’ planets are instead thought to have migrated inward from beyond the ice line and several viable migration channels have been proposed, including eccentricity excitation through angular-momentum exchange with a third body followed by tidally driven orbital circularization 2 , 3 . The discovery of the extremely eccentric ( e  = 0.93) giant exoplanet HD 80606 b (ref.  4 ) provided observational evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed through this high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway 5 . However, no similar hot-Jupiter progenitors have been found and simulations predict that one factor affecting the efficacy of this mechanism is exoplanet mass, as low-mass planets are more likely to be tidally disrupted during periastron passage 6 – 8 . Here we present spectroscopic and photometric observations of TIC 241249530 b, a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter with an extreme orbital eccentricity of e  = 0.94. The orbit of TIC 241249530 b is consistent with a history of eccentricity oscillations and a future tidal circularization trajectory. Our analysis of the mass and eccentricity distributions of the transiting-warm-Jupiter population further reveals a correlation between high mass and high eccentricity. The spectroscopic and photometric observations of a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter, TIC 241249530 b, with an orbital eccentricity of 0.94, provide evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed by means of a high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway.

On 26 September 2022 the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, a satellite of the asteroid 65803 Didymos. Because it is a binary system, it is possible to determine how much the orbit of the satellite changed, as part of a test of what is necessary to deflect an asteroid that might threaten Earth with an impact. In nominal cases, pre-impact predictions of the orbital period reduction ranged from ~8.8 - 17.2 minutes. Here we report optical observations of Dimorphos before, during and after the impact, from a network of citizen science telescopes across the world. We find a maximum brightening of 2.29 \\(\\pm\\) 0.14 mag upon impact. Didymos fades back to its pre-impact brightness over the course of 23.7 \\(\\pm\\) 0.7 days. We estimate lower limits on the mass contained in the ejecta, which was 0.3 - 0.5% Dimorphos' mass depending on the dust size. We also observe a reddening of the ejecta upon impact.

More than 5,000 exoplanets have been confirmed and among them almost 4,000 were discovered by the transit method. However, few transiting exoplanets have an orbital period greater than 100 days. Here we report a transit detection of Kepler-167 e, a \"Jupiter analog\" exoplanet orbiting a K4 star with a period of 1,071 days, using the Unistellar ground-based telescope network. From 2021 November 18 to 20, citizen astronomers located in nine different countries gathered 43 observations, covering the 16 hour long transit. Using a nested sampling approach to combine and fit the observations, we detected the mid-transit time to be UTC 2021 November 19 17:20:51 with a 1\\(\\sigma\\) uncertainty of 9.8 minutes, making it the longest-period planet to ever have its transit detected from the ground. This is the fourth transit detection of Kepler-167 e, but the first made from the ground. This timing measurement refines the orbit and keeps the ephemeris up to date without requiring space telescopes. Observations like this demonstrate the capabilities of coordinated networks of small telescopes to identify and characterize planets with long orbital periods.

Whether they accepted or rejected middle-class standards of merit, many Chartist writers regarded stylistic accomplishment as a powerful validation of their class's claims. If working people could negotiate the challenges of meter or write epics that placed Chartist aspirations at the fore of a nation's destiny, they demonstrated an intellectual sophistication which entitled them to equal participation in self-government---Chartism's primary goal. The literariness of their writing represented a cultural assertion of political ability. This study applies close formal scrutiny to Chartist short stories, novels, and poetry, making it the first full-length account in some years to examine Chartist literature cross-generically. With a sustained, specific focus on Chartism's imbrication of politics and aesthetic forms, it seeks to vindicate the place of working-class literature in Victorian studies and to contribute to a more nuanced picture of what Victorian literature is. Chapter one, \"Framing the Gender Debate: Literary Enclosure and Readerly Agency in Gerald Massey's 'Only a Dream,\"' demonstrates how Massey's 1856 poem fuses the devices of the frame tale and the dream vision to create a poetic narrative defending women's rights to sexual freedom and marital choice. The second chapter, \"Thomas Cooper's Purgatory of Suicides as a Critique of the Politics of Religion,\" details the poet's use in 1845 of the Spenserian stanza as the medium for his epic denunciation of the religious suppression of workers's freedom. Thomas Wheeler's novel Sunshine and Shadow (1849-50) grounds chapter three, \"Chartist Fiction and the Strategies of Revolution,\" which simultaneously examines the novel's radical innovations in revolutionary theory and the narrative and characterological revisions those innovations required. Finally, \"Ernest Jones and the Poetics of Internationalism\" traces the importance of cross-border solidarity throughout Jones's writing (184655)---including poems, speeches, and a novel---by examining the function of literary forms and poetic sensibilities in fostering internationalism.

In the depressing news from the Near East comes word of one romantic figure--that of a woman, Halideh Hanoum. Poet, author, educator and soldier, she embodies everything that slow emanelpation has brought and promises for the...

In the depressing news from the Near East comes word of one romantic figure --that of a woman, Halideh Hanoum. Poet, author, educator and soldier, she embodies everything that slow emancipation has brought and promises for the former women of the harem. Her life is spent in school rooms, in the councils of Mustapha Kemal and in the camps, or ...