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Families are key actors in efforts to improve student learning and outcomes, but conventional engagement efforts often disregard the cultural and social resources of nondominant families. Individuals who serve as cultural brokers play critical, though complex, roles bridging between schools and families. Using an equitable collaboration lens with boundary-spanning theory, this comparative case study examined how individuals enacted cultural brokering within three organizational contexts. Our findings suggest a predominance of cultural brokering consistent with programmatic goals to socialize nondominant families into school-centric norms and agendas. However, formal leadership and boundary-spanning ambiguity enabled more collective, relational, or reciprocal cultural brokering. These dynamics suggest potential stepping stones and organizational conditions for moving toward more equitable forms of family-school collaboration and systemic transformation.

This multilevel study extends the work of Pascarella, Ethington, & Smart (1988) and Rhee and Dey (1996) to investigate how student-level characteristics and organizational characteristics affect college students' civic values. Institutional variables found to impact civic values include institutional selectivity, institutional size, and attending a private institution. Student-level variables found to impact civic values include having taken a women's studies class, ethnic studies class, and being a social science major. Using Weidman's (1989) model as a conceptual base, this study has implications for a number of theories and practices that further explain the various socialization processes among students that facilitate civic values development.

Using data from the Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B:93/03) of College Graduates, we use structural equation modeling to model the relationships between college major, values held in college, collegiate community service participation, and the post-college political participation of college graduates by public versus private institutions. We use Holland's Theory of person-environment fit as lens to understand differences in political participation across majors and institutional contexts. Over a 10-year period immediately after receiving the baccalaureate, we find that choice of major and individual values are differentially associated with post-college political participation for private institution graduates when compared to the counterparts at public institutions. We relate our findings to extant literature that highlights the differences in institutional characteristics between public and private colleges and socialization patterns of under-graduates that may inform differences in post-college political participation. Implications for future research are also offered.

Given that over 50 studies have been published using the Black Racial Identity Scale (BRIAS), the study of its dimensions and structural components are important to understanding Black people and the evolution of Black racial identity theory. Unconstrained and constrained confirmatory factor analysis models were estimated across males and females to test the hypothesis that Black men and Black women will respond similarly on the BRIAS. Findings suggest that items on the BRIAS scales are not invariant across groups through interpreting fit indexes and the Lagrange multiplier test. The results of this study supports past research that found inconsistent psychometric qualities of the BRIAS.

This study provides a typological analysis of public, four-year institutions implementing programs for men of color (MoC). The purpose of the study is to expand our understanding of the institutional context and conditions in which these interventions operate. As more of these programs emerge, it is important to understand if and how institutional mission, composition, and resources shape supports and opportunities for underrepresented men of color attending four-year public institutions. Through an exhaustive search process, we identified 177 MoC programs across 166 public four-year institutions across the United States and organized them along a range of institutional characteristics. We then applied descriptive statistics and cluster analysis to program search findings. Results show that public institutions implementing MoC programs can be understood as seven clusters or institutional types. This research provides important information and context for stakeholders who are interested in addressing educational disparities for men of color by illuminating the institutional diversity through which these programs are catalyzed and implemented. To date, this is the first study to organize MoC programs located across four-year public institutions by a range of institutional categories.

This research investigates the impact of racial identity on Black students' perceptions of community outreach. Colleges and universities are steadily forming university-community partnerships. Research has not fully addressed those indicators that may influence relationship-forming between Black students and Black community members. The sample includes 276 Black students who attended either a historically Black college and university (HBCU) or a predominantly White institution (PWT). Hierarchical regression analyses found that the Black racial identity scale's (B-RIAS) pre-encounter stage negatively predicted and a combination of the immersion-emersion and internalization stages positively predicted community outreach. This study has implications for shaping university-community agendas involving Black students and Black community members, and it offers a unique framework to think about Black students' civic participation.

This research investigates the impact of racial identity on Black students' perceptions of their civic skills. Even though 50 years ago they were one of the most active civic groups, Black students are a group whose civic participation has sharply declined between the 1970s and 1990s. The sample comprised 276 Black students who attended either a historically Black college/university (HBCU) or a predominantly White institution (PWI). Hierarchical regression analyses found that Immersion-Emersion and Internalization stages of the Black racial identity scale (B-RIAS) significantly explained Civic Skills. This study has implications for racial identity development and offers a more expansive theoretical framework about how to think about civic participation and Black students.

This study uses data from the Higher Education Research Institute that extends the work of Pascarella, Ethington, and Smart (1988) and Rhee and Dey (1996) to investigate how collegiate experiences influence Black students' civic values. Results from linear regression models show that leadership training, participation in demonstrations, volunteering, and prayer/meditation significantly influence civic values of Black students. Using cultural capital theory and involvement theory as a conceptual base, this study has implications for practitioners who create and shape practices that are intended to promote civic engagement outcomes for Black students in college. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Multilevel modeling is an increasingly popular multivariate technique that is widely applied in the social sciences. Increasingly, practitioners are making instructional decisions based on results from their multivariate analyses, which often come from nested data that lend themselves to multilevel modeling techniques. As data-driven decision making becomes more critical to colleges and universities, multilevel modeling is a tool that will lead to more efficient estimates and enhance understanding of complex relationships. This volume illustrates both the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of multilevel modeling in IR. It introduces the fundamental concepts of multilevel modeling techniques in a conceptual and technical manner. Providing a range of examples of nested models that are based on linear and categorical outcomes, it then offers important suggestions about presenting results of multilevel models through charts and graphs. This is the 154th volume of this Jossey-Bass quarterly report series. Always timely and comprehensive, New Directions for Institutional Research provides planners and administrators in all types of academic institutions with guidelines in such areas as resource coordination, information analysis, program evaluation, and institutional management.

Children who lack prosocial skills and exhibit social-emotional deficiencies tend to have more behavior problems in school. Chronic behavior problems negatively affect students’ academics, attendance, and ability to develop relationships. Aggression, bullying, and mental health problems have also been linked to social-emotional deficiencies. Children’s prosocial skills and emotional intelligence correlate to children’s social-emotional competence. The researchers investigated students’ perspectives of their experiences with and their perception of the impact a prosocial behavior intervention, Skillstreaming the Elementary School Child (McGinnis & Goldstein, 2012), had on their behavior through focus groups and field observations. Participants were consenting and assenting second through fifth-grade students who were identified through the behavior RTI process in Rural County. Researchers also analyzed quantitative, descriptive data from a Skillstreaming Student Checklist, to investigate how students self-rated their own prosocial skills. The researchers found that the participants were able to identify prosocial skills but did not always choose to apply the prosocial skills they learned to social situations with teachers and peers. All participants communicated positive feelings towards the intervention and liked having the opportunity to escape and process their emotions. Many felt it provided them with tools they could recall and apply to their school settings. Students emphasized the importance of relationships in relation to their behavior, and students interpreted their relationships based on attributes of fairness and care. In discussion of findings, research supported the importance of relationship between teachers and students and supported the finding that students often know prosocial skills and expectations in the school setting but choose their behavior based on the relationship between the student and the teacher. Keywords: prosocial intervention, elementary students, behavioral challenge, school discipline, prosocial skills, emotional intelligence, social-emotional competence, social-emotional learning, RTI, PBIS, Skillstreaming, student perspectives