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"Love, Ann"
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Yes you can! : your guide to becoming an activist
Guides readers through nine steps to social change and discusses strategies on running an effective meeting, writing a petition, and lobbying governments.
Book
Longitudinal profiling of clonal hematopoiesis provides insight into clonal dynamics
Background
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), the age-related expansion of mutant hematopoietic stem cells, confers risk for multiple diseases of aging including hematologic cancer and cardiovascular disease. Whole-exome or genome sequencing can detect CHIP, but due to those assays’ high cost, most population studies have been cross-sectional, sequencing only a single timepoint per individual.
Results
We developed and validated a cost-effective single molecule molecular inversion probe sequencing (smMIPS) assay for detecting CHIP, targeting the 11 most frequently mutated genes in CHIP along with 4 recurrent mutational hotspots. We sequenced 548 multi-timepoint samples collected from 182 participants in the Women’s Health Initiative cohort, across a median span of 16 years. We detected 178 driver mutations reaching variant allele frequency ≥ 2% in at least one timepoint, many of which were detectable well below this threshold at earlier timepoints. The majority of clonal mutations (52.1%) expanded over time (with a median doubling period of 7.43 years), with the others remaining static or decreasing in size in the absence of any cytotoxic therapy.
Conclusions
Targeted smMIPS sequencing can sensitively measure clonal dynamics in CHIP. Mutations that reached the conventional threshold for CHIP (2% frequency) tended to continue growing, indicating that after CHIP is acquired, it is generally not lost. The ability to cost-effectively profile CHIP longitudinally will enable future studies to investigate why some CHIP clones expand, and how their dynamics relate to health outcomes at a biobank scale.
Journal Article
Snow amazing : cool facts and warm tales
Read about what snow brings to our world and its animals.
Book
Dimensions of Curation Competing Values Exhibition Model: Toward Intentional Curation
The first two authors have developed a model based on a competing values framework to guide intentional curatorial practices. The model attends to the range of ways in which curators approach interpretive focus, curatorial power, and curatorial intent, resulting in eight different types of exhibitions. The ‘Dimensions of Curation Competing Values Exhibition Model’ introduced in the article can be used to determine curatorial approach, reflect on it, and make intentional changes in practice. To illustrate the potentials of the model, three additional authors, international museum and cultural professionals, provide examples of exhibitions and offer insights into the model’s use both for reflection and planning future exhibitions.
Journal Article
Alien invaders : species that threaten our world
Explores the history of alien invaders--plants, animals, bacteria, or viruses that are deliberately or accidentally introduced to a new habitat, and subsequently explode in numbers causing harm to property and wildlife; features case studies of such species; and discusses what can be done to halt the progress of alien invaders.
Book
Redistribution of heart failure as the cause of death: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Background
Heart failure is sometimes incorrectly listed as the underlying cause of death (UCD) on death certificates, thus compromising the accuracy and comparability of mortality statistics. Statistical redistribution of the UCD has been used to examine the effect of misclassification of the UCD attributed to heart failure, but sex- and race-specific redistribution of deaths on coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the United States has not been examined.
Methods
We used coarsened exact matching to infer the UCD of vital records with heart failure as the UCD from 1999 to 2010 for decedents 55 years old and older from states encompassing regions under surveillance by the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, and North Carolina). Records with heart failure as the UCD were matched on decedent characteristics (five-year age groups, sex, race, education, year of death, and state) to records with heart failure listed among the multiple causes of death. Each heart failure death was then redistributed to plausible UCDs proportional to the frequency among matched records.
Results
After redistribution the proportion of deaths increased for CHD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertensive heart disease, and cardiomyopathy,
P
< 0.001. The percent increase in CHD mortality after redistribution was the highest in Mississippi (12%) and lowest in Maryland (1.6%), with variations by year, race, and sex. Redistribution proportions for CHD were similar to CHD death classification by a panel of expert reviewers in the ARIC study.
Conclusions
Redistribution of ill-defined UCD would improve the accuracy and comparability of mortality statistics used to allocate public health resources and monitor mortality trends.
Journal Article
Talking tails : the incredible connection between people and their pets
From our earliest beginnings, we have shared our lives with animals. Explores the ties that people and their pets have formed, from prehistoric times to present day.
Book
Physician Barriers to Successful Implementation of US Preventive Services Task Force Routine HIV Testing Recommendations
In 2006, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued recommendations supporting routine HIV testing in health care settings for all persons aged 13 to 64 years. Despite these recommendations, physicians are not offering HIV testing routinely. We apply a model that has previously identified 3 central, inter-related factors (knowledge-, attitude-, and behavior-related barriers) for why physicians do not follow practice guidelines in order to better understand why physicians are not offering HIV testing routinely. This model frames our review of the existing literature on physician barriers to routine HIV testing. Within the model, knowledge barriers include lack of familiarity or awareness of clinical recommendations, attitude barriers include lack of agreement with guidelines, while behavioral barriers include external barriers related to the guidelines themselves, to patients, or to environmental factors. Our review reveals that many physicians face these barriers with regards to implementing routine HIV testing. Several factors underscore the importance of determining how to best address physician barriers to HIV testing, including: provisions of the Affordable Care Act that are likely to require or incentivize major payers to cover HIV testing, evidence which suggests that a physician's recommendation to test for HIV is a strong predictor of patient testing behavior, and data which reveals that nearly 20% of HIV-positive individuals may be unaware of their status. In April 2013, the US Preventive Services Task Force released a recommendation supporting routine HIV testing; strategies are needed to help address ongoing physician barriers to testing.
Journal Article
Biological Age Mediates the Effects of Perceived Neighborhood Problems on Heart Failure Risk Among Black Persons
Objective
We assessed whether biological age, measured by the epigenetic clock GrimAge, mediates the association of objective and subjective neighborhood disadvantage with incident HF among Black persons.
Methods
Participants were 1448 self-reported Black adults (mean age (standard deviation, SD) = 64.3 (5.5)) dually enrolled in two community-based cohorts in Jackson, Mississippi, the ARIC and JHS cohorts, who were free of HF as of January 1, 2000. Incident HF events leading to hospitalization through December 31, 2017, were classified using ICD-9 discharge codes of HF. Multilevel age- and sex-adjusted Cox causal mediation models were used to examine whether biological age (at the person and neighborhood level) mediated the effects of objective (the National Area Deprivation Index, ADI) and subjective (perceived neighborhood problems) neighborhood disadvantage on incident HF.
Results
A total of 334 incident hospitalized HF events occurred over a median follow-up of 18.0 years. The total effect of the ADI and perceived neighborhood problems (SD units) on HF was hazard ration (HR) = 1.26 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.56 and HR = 1.26 and 95% CI 1.10–1.41, respectively. GrimAge mediated a majority of the effect of perceived neighborhood problems on HF (person-level indirect effect HR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.12 and neighborhood-level indirect effect HR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.03–1.34), with the combined indirect effect explaining 94.8% of the relationship. The combined indirect effect of ADI on incident HF was comparable but not statistically significant.
Conclusions
Subjective neighborhood disadvantage may confer an increased risk of HF among Black populations.
Journal Article