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"Lowe, Graham S"
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WORK ASPIRATIONS AND ATTITUDES IN AN ERA OF LABOUR MARKET RESTRUCTURING: A COMPARISON OF TWO CANADIAN YOUTH COHORTS
This article tests the assumption that youth's work attitudes are changing to reflect the restructured labour markets that often are taken as a characteristic of late-modernity. Comparing 1985 and 1996 cohorts of high school leavers in a Canadian city, we find that occupational aspirations increased significantly since 1985, especially among females, in ways consistent with employment trends in a service-based economy. However, the 1985 and 1996 youth cohorts wanted very similar conditions in a job, and in each cohort we observed significant gender differences. General attitudes towards work and education also remained fairly constant. We discuss the implications of these findings for school-work transition research and for larger debates about youth responses to conditions of late-modernity.
Journal Article
Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Gender on High School Seniors' Use of Computers at Home and at School
This article critically assesses the proposition that computers have a democratizing effect in schools by increasing job-relevant skills among diverse groups of students. Drawing on arguments that schools are limited in their ability to counter long-standing patterns of inequality, we examine how gender and socioeconomic status interact to shape computer use patterns among high school seniors both at home and at school. Our data come from a large representative sample of grade 12 students in a western Canadian province. We find that social inequalities are being reproduced in the home through access to, and use of, home computers, with job-relevant uses higher among both female and male students from more advantaged backgrounds. Home environment conditions the effect of school use of computers because students from higher SES families—who have higher academic achievement and goals—are more likely to use computers at home but less likely to do so in school. This finding challenges claims that computers in schools can level differences in cultural capital that students acquire at home.
Journal Article
The Future of Work
What are the trends shaping the future of work? How can unions respond in ways that will invigorate the labour movement for the twenty-first century? This article addresses these questions by first presenting a critique of the future-of-work literature, followed by a detailed analysis of the best available Canadian evidence of the major forces already exerting pressures for change on workplaces. The shape of tomorrow's workplace is visible today. Unions will continue to play a vital role in Canadian society by adapting their organizing and collective bargaining strategies to the often contradictory economic, labour market, organizational, human resource management, and demographic trends evident today. Cuales son las tendencias que están impactando el futuro del trabajo?, Como pueden los sindicatos responder en formas que puedan animar al movimiento laboral en el siglo 21? Este articulo responde a estas preguntas mediante el análisis de la literatura sobre el futuro del trabajo, seguido de un análisis en detalle de el mejor ejemplo canadiense de las fuerzas en acción que ya se encuentran en trabajo para cambiar el ambiente de trabajo. La forma de el medio de trabajo del futuro es visible hoy en día. Los sindicatos continuaran jugando un papel primordial en la sociedad canadiense mediante la adaptación de sus métodos de negociación colectiva y organización al siempre contradictorio arco iris formado por la economía, el mercado laboral, las organizaciones, la administración de los recursos humanos y las tendencias demográficas en evidencia hoy en día.
Journal Article
Surveying the \Post-Industrial\ Landscape: Information Technologies and Labour Market Polarization in Canada
Dans le cours des débats récents concernant l'effet des technologies nouvelles sur le travail, une question touche la polarisation des «bons» et des «mauvais» emplois dans l'économie postindustrielle. Les compétences et les gains figurent au centre des préoccupations. À partir de données tirées de l'Enquête sociale générale de 1994, nous avons examiné l'utilisation de l'informatique au Canada, et nous avons analysé l'incidence de cet usage sur les compétences et les gains liés aux emplois. Nos conclusions n'appuient pas une explication du phénomène de la polarisation fondée sur la technologie dans le marché du travail. Les caractéristiques des travailleurs et les modalités professionnelles sont beaucoup plus importantes, bien qu'il existe des differences rattachées aux competences en infor‐matique dans des regroupements semblables de professions. A key issue in recent debates over the impact of new technologies on work is the polarization of “good” and “bad” jobs within the “post‐industrial” economy. Two dimensions—skill and earnings—have been of central concern. Drawing on the 1994 General Social Survey, we examine computer use in Canada, and analyze its impact on job earnings and skill. Our findings do not support a technology‐based explanation of polarization within the labour market as a whole. Instead, worker characteristics and occupational conditions are far more important, although there is some evidence of computer‐related skill differences within similar groupings of occupations.
Journal Article
Stressful Working Conditions and Union Dissatisfaction
This paper examines the relationship between stressful working conditions, social support at work, employee distress, and union members' (dis)satisfaction with their union. It might be assumed that under stressful working conditions, unionized workers would turn to their union to seek better working conditions and would have a positive orientation toward their union. However, it is also possible that stressful working conditions and distressed, alienated employees will become dissatisfied not only with their job but also with their union. The data for this study corne from a survey of unionized postal workers employed by Canada Post Corporation in Edmonton in 1983.
Journal Article