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Objective Circular RNAs belong to a category of noncoding RNAs that feature a unique continuous, covalently bonded ring configuration. Recent research indicates that circular RNAs are essential for the development of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease. This study sought to examine the functional role and molecular mechanism of circDock6 in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease. Methods Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine circDock6 expression patterns in liver tissues from high-fat diet- and standard diet-fed mice in vivo. Triglyceride detection, western blot analysis, and oil red O staining were performed to evaluate the regulatory effect of circDock6 on metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease in vitro. Results CircDock6 was found to be markedly overexpressed in high-fat diet liver tissues compared with that in standard diet tissues. Moreover, knockdown of circDock6 expression lowered triglyceride content and lipid droplet formation. Mechanistically, circDock6 acted as a molecular sponge for mmu-let-7g-5p, which regulated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor expression and contributed to the progression of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease. CircDock6 knockdown suppressed metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease progression by modulating insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor via mmu-let-7g-5p targeting. Conclusion Our study identified circDock6 as a novel regulator of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease pathogenesis through the mmu-let-7g-5p/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor axis, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease intervention.

Magnetic fields in the upper atmospheres of solar-like stars are believed to provide an enormous amount of energy to power the hot coronae and drive large-scale eruptions that could impact the habitability of planetary systems around these stars. However, these magnetic fields have never been routinely measured on stars beyond the solar system. Through decade-long spectropolarimetric observations, we have now achieved the measurements of magnetic fields in the lower and middle chromospheres of three M-dwarfs. Our results indicate that the line-of-sight component of the chromospheric magnetic fields can reach up to hundreds of Gauss, whose sign frequently opposes that of the photospheric field. The measurements highlight the magnetic field complexity and the variation with height close to the surface of these M-dwarfs. They provide critical constraints on the energy budget responsible for heating and eruptions of stellar upper atmospheres, and enable assessments of how stellar magnetic activity may affect exoplanet environments. Magnetic fields in stellar upper atmospheres are key to understanding stellar activity and its planetary effects. Here, the authors study chromospheric magnetic fields in three M-dwarf stars using spectropolarimetric observations, finding fields reaching hundreds of Gauss with complex height-dependent structures.

To reinforce the cleaning agent’s wetting and cleaning capabilities on ceramic microfiltration membranes in acidic environments, the wetting properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in combination with multiple nonionic surfactants were examined in a systematic manner. The research findings suggested that there was a potential synergistic effect among SDS, isooctyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (JFC), and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO-7). Moreover, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared spectroscopy were utilized to assess the pre- and post-cleaning contamination levels. The research findings also demonstrated that using a compound cleaning agent conspicuously regenerated the structure and elevated the hydrophilicity of the ceramic membrane surface. The synergistic mechanism between JFC and SDS can be explained by the fact that the inclusion of JFC can lessen the electrostatic repulsion between the ionic groups of SDS and heighten their hydrogen bonding effect, which in turn enhances the dispersion of contaminants and lowers the surface tension of composite solution.

Background: We performed a systematic review and pooled analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of different endoscopic resection methods for 10- to 20-mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps. Methods: Articles in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library related to the common endoscopic treatment of 10- to 20-mm nonpedunculated polyps published as of April 2020 were searched. Primary outcomes were the R0 resection rate and en bloc resection rate. Secondary outcomes were safety and the recurrence rate. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were also performed. Results: A total of 36 studies involving 3212 polyps were included in the final analysis. Overall, the effectiveness of resection methods with a submucosal uplifting effect, including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), cold EMR and underwater EMR (UEMR), was better than that of methods without a nonsubmucosal uplifting effect [R0 resection rate, 90% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-0.94, I2 = 84%) vs 82% (95% CI 0.78-0.85, I2 = 0%); en bloc resection rate 85% (95% CI 0.79-0.91, I2 = 83%) vs 74% (95% CI 0.47-0.94, I2 = 94%)]. Regarding safety, the pooled data showed that hot resection [hot snare polypectomy, UEMR and EMR] had a higher risk of intraprocedural bleeding than cold resection [3% (95% CI 0.01-0.05, I2 = 68%) vs 0% (95% CI 0-0.01, I2 = 0%)], while the incidences of delayed bleeding, perforation and post-polypectomy syndrome were all low. Conclusions: Methods with submucosal uplifting effects are more effective than those without for resecting 10- to 20-mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps, and cold EMR is associated with a lower risk of intraprocedural bleeding than other methods. Additional research is needed to verify the advantages of these methods, especially cold EMR.

Objectives Colorectal cancer on the right side of the colon has been suggested to be harder to detect by colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a second forward-view examination of the right side of the colon could increase the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and/or polyp detection rate (PDR). Methods This was a single-centre randomized controlled trial. Patients undergoing colonoscopy were recruited and randomly assigned to the second forward-view examination (SFE) group, in which the right side of the colon was examined twice or the traditional colonoscopy (TC) group in which the colonoscopy was performed in a standard manner. The primary outcome was the ADR of right colon. The overall PDR and ADR, PDR of the right colon, per-adenoma miss rate of the right colon, and advanced lesion detection rate were also recorded and compared. Results A total of 392 patients were included in the study (SFE group 197 vs. TC group 195). The ADR and PDR of the right colon in the SFE group were significantly higher than those in the TC group (ADR 10.7% vs. 5.1%; P  = 0.042); PDR 17.8% vs. 9.7%, P  = 0.021). No significant difference was found in overall PDR/ADR, or advanced lesion detection rate between the two groups. Conclusions This prospective controlled study revealed that a second forward-view examination could modestly increase the ADR and PDR of the right colon during unsedated colonoscopies. This simple, safe and time-effective technique might be recommended for routine unsedated colonoscopy. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03619122. Registered on 7/8/2018.

Free-space optical communication with high transmission bandwidth and small antenna size has been progressively deployed for ground-air-space communications in recent years. However, current mitigation methods, including adaptive optics and transmitter-side beam shaping, are often limited by design complexity and insufficient bandwidth. Here, we propose a receiver-side wavefront correction scheme based on optical pin beam—a ring-shaped, self-healing beam structure—formed via a static phase mask in front of the coupling lens. Unlike traditional optical pin beam methods requiring transmitter-side modulation, our design proactively reshapes the aberrated receiving beam into a stable optical pin beam with extended Rayleigh length, thereby improving mode matching and enhancing coupling resilience under turbulence. In a kilometer-scale outdoor experiment, we demonstrate a 100 Gbps free-space laser link, with coupled power stability increased by 26% and bit error rate decreased by up to 2 orders of magnitude compared with a Gaussian receiver. This receiver-side-only solution simplifies system architecture, ensures high-power compatibility, and offers a low-cost and scalable pathway for future optical ground stations, paving the way for ultra-long-distance, high-speed, and compact Free-space optical communication systems. Meiling Guan and colleagues report a receiver-side method that reshapes distorted light into optical pin beam, stabilizing free-space laser communication. It achieves 100 Gbps stable communication over 1 km.

Background: We aimed to compare the accuracy of individuals’ wrist and forehead temperatures with their tympanic temperature under different circumstances. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study in a real-life population in Ningbo First Hospital in China. We consecutively recorded individuals’ wrist and forehead temperatures in Celsius (°C) using a noncontact infrared thermometer (NCIT). We also measured individuals’ tympanic temperature using a tympanic thermometer (IRTT) and defined fever as a tympanic temperature of ≥37.3 °C. Results: We enrolled 528 participants, including 261 indoor and 267 outdoor participants. We grouped the outdoor participants into four groups according to their means of transportation to the hospital: by foot, by bicycle/electric vehicle, by car, or as a passenger in a car. Under different circumstances, the mean difference in the forehead measurement ranged from -1.72 to -0.56 °C across groups, and that in the wrist measurement ranged from -0.96 to -0.61°C. Both measurements had high fever screening abilities in indoor patients. (Wrist: AUC 0.790; 95% CI: 0.725-0.854, P<0.001; forehead: AUC 0.816; 95% CI: 0.757-0.876, P <0.001). The cut-off value of the wrist measurement for detecting a tympanic temperature of ≥37.3 °C was 36.2 °C, with 86.4% sensitivity and 67.0% specificity, and the best threshold for the forehead measurement was 36.2 °C, with 93.2% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity. Conclusion: Wrist measurements are more stable than forehead measurements under different circumstances. Both measurements have favorable fever screening abilities in indoor patients. The cut-off values were both 36.2 °C.

With the continuous emission of greenhouse gases, climate issues such as global warming have attracted widespread attention. As the largest CO 2 emitter, China proposes the target of reaching the CO 2 emissions peak by 2030 at the 75th United Nations General Assembly. To determine whether China can realize the goal, we construct an assessment system consisting of a new discrete grey prediction model on the basis of a rolling mechanism and an improved IPCC method. First, the new grey prediction model is used to predict the CO 2 emissions and GDP from 2021 to 2030, and then, the enhanced IPCC method is used to obtain the carbon intensity from 2021 to 2030. In line with the direct judgment based on CO 2 emissions and the indirect judgment based on the comparison between the AADR of carbon intensity and the AAIR of GDP, we find that China faces great challenges and difficulties in achieving its carbon peaking target by 2030. Finally, based on the forecast data and China’s current situation, some policy recommendations are put forward to accelerate China’s CO 2 peak goal.

BackgroundWe performed this systematic review and pooled analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of different endoscopic resection methods for 10- to 20-mm non-pedunculated colorectal polyps.MethodsArticles in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library related to the common endoscopic treatment of 10- to 20-mm non-pedunculated polyps published as of April 2020 were searched. Primary outcomes were the complete resection rate (CRR) and the en bloc resection rate (EBRR). Secondary outcomes were safety and the recurrence rate. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were also performed.ResultsA total of 36 studies, including 3212 polyps were included in the final analysis. Overall, the efficacy of resection methods with a submucosal uplifting effect, including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), cold EMR and underwater EMR, was better than that of non-submucosal uplifting methods [CRR 90% (95% CI 0.81–0.94, I2=84%) vs 82% (95% CI 0.78–0.85, I2=0%); EBRR 85% (95% CI 0.79–0.91, I2=83%) vs 74% (95% CI 0.47–0.94, I2=94%)] (figure 1). In terms of safety, the pooled data showed that hot resection (hot snare polypectomy and EMR) had a higher risk of early bleeding compared to cold resection [3% (95% CI 0.01–0.05, I2=68%) vs 0% (95% CI 0–0.01, I2=0%)], while the incidence of perforation and polypectomy were both low. Critical heterogeneity was observed in the main outcomes.Abstract IDDF2020-ABS-0173 Figure 1Forest plots reporting the CRRs and EBRRs of different types of resection methodConclusionsMethods with submucosal uplifting effects for 10- to 20-mm non-pedunculated colorectal polyps are more effective, and cold resection may be safer. Additional research is needed to prove the advantages of these methods, especially cold EMR, in this area.

BackgroundPoor bowel preparation (BP) is commonly observed in inpatients undergoing colonoscopy, particularly those with a higher risk for inadequate BP. The objective of this study was to determine whether face-to-face instruction (FFI) and personalized BP regimens could improve the quality of BP for inpatient colonoscopy procedures.MethodsIn this endoscopist-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 320 inpatients were enrolled and randomly allocated at a ratio of 1:1 to the control and intervention groups. The intervention group received FFI and personalized BP regimes, while the control group received the standard education and BP regimes. The primary outcome was an adequate BP rate. Secondary outcomes included rates of procedure-related adverse events, incorrect diet restriction and laxative intake, quality of sleep before colonoscopy and willingness to repeat the BP.ResultsDemographic characteristics were comparable between the control and intervention groups. Notably, the adequate BP rate in the FFI group was significantly higher compared to the control group [intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis: 70.0% vs. 51.3%, P < 0.001; per-protocol (PP) analysis: 79.4% vs. 58.6%, P < 0.001; (IDDF2021-ABS-0120 Figure 1. The rate of adequate BP between the FFI and control groups for inpatients following ITT and PP analyses). Bowel cleanliness was significantly improved in response to the intervention in high-risk inpatients (ITT analysis: 65% vs. 44.6%, P = 0.004; PP analysis: 73.0% vs. 51.7%, P = 0.004) and in low-risk inpatients (ITT analysis: 80% vs. 62.7%, P = 0.037; PP analysis: 92.3% vs. 69.8% P = 0.003). There were no significant differences between the control and intervention groups regarding secondary outcomes.Abstract IDDF2021-ABS-0120 Figure 1ConclusionsFFI and personalized BP regimens improve the rate of adequate BP, especially in patients with a higher risk for inadequate BP. As such, inpatients would benefit from this novel approach for better BP to ultimately improve the quality of colonoscopies.