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In the recent decade, the development and application of organocatalysis for CO2 transformation into useful chemicals have attracted much attention. Among these organocatalysts, Lewis base-CO2 adducts（LB-CO2） were found to be more efficient.The used Lewis base has great effect on the catalytic activity of its CO2 adduct. This review reports the recent progress in LB-CO2 adducts catalyzed the cyclization of CO2 with epoxides or aziridines to afford cyclic carbonates or oxazolidinones,the carboxylation of CO2 with propargylic alcohols to α-alkylidene cyclic carbonates, and the reduction of CO2 to methanol,formamides and methylamines, with the focus on the catalytic mechanism.

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) can infect many species of fish and causes serious acute or persistent infection. However, its pathogenic mechanism is still far from clear. Specific cellular surface receptors are crucial determinants of the species tropism of a virus and its pathogenesis. Here, the heat shock protein 90ab1 of marine model fish species marine medaka (MmHSP90ab1) was identified as a novel receptor of red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV). MmHSP90ab1 interacted directly with RGNNV capsid protein (CP). Specifically, MmHSP90ab1 bound to the linker region (LR) of CP through its NM domain. Inhibition of MmHSP90ab1 by HSP90-specific inhibitors or MmHSP90ab1 siRNA caused significant inhibition of viral binding and entry, whereas its overexpression led to the opposite effect. The binding of RGNNV to cultured marine medaka hMMES1 cells was inhibited by blocking cell surface-localized MmHSP90ab1 with anti-HSP90[beta] antibodies or pretreating virus with recombinant MmHSP90ab1 or MmHSP90ab1-NM protein, indicating MmHSP90ab1 was an attachment receptor for RGNNV. Furthermore, we found that MmHSP90ab1 formed a complex with CP and marine medaka heat shock cognate 70, a known NNV receptor. Exogenous expression of MmHSP90ab1 independently facilitated the internalization of RGNNV into RGNNV impenetrable cells (HEK293T), which was blocked by chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Further study revealed that MmHSP90ab1 interacted with the marine medaka clathrin heavy chain. Collectively, these data suggest that MmHSP90ab1 is a functional part of the RGNNV receptor complex and involved in the internalization of RGNNV via the clathrin endocytosis pathway.

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was conducted to explore the role of microRNA (miR)-192 in the regulation of the biology of RA-FLSs. The expression of miR-192 in RA and healthy synovial tissues was measured. The effects of overexpression of miR-192 on RA-FLS proliferation and apoptosis were investigated. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis were performed to identify direct target genes of miR-192. RA synovial tissues had significantly lower levels of miR-192 than healthy controls ( P  = 0.004). Moreover, miR-192 levels were 2.9-fold lower in RA-FLSs relative to normal human FLSs ( P  < 0.05). Ectopic expression of miR-192 significantly inhibited the proliferation and caused a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in RA-FLSs. Moreover, miR-192 overexpression triggered apoptosis, which was accompanied by an increase in caspase-3 activity and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Caveolin 1 (CAV1) was identified to be a direct target of miR-192. Overexpression of miR-192 led to a reduction of endogenous CAV1 in RA-FLSs. Silencing of CAV1 significantly decreased cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in RA-FLSs. Rescue experiments with a miR-192-resistant variant of CAV1 showed that enforced expression of CAV1 restored cell proliferation and attenuated apoptosis in miR-192-overexpressing RA-FLSs. In conclusion, miR-192 is downregulated in RA synovial tissues and restoration of its expression elicits growth-suppressive effects on RA-FLSs by targeting CAV1 . The miR-192/CAV1 pathway may represent a novel target for prevention and treatment of RA.

The imbibition of water into the pores of tight oil/gas reservoir can displace the oil/gas out. Thus it is an important method to improve the recovery efficiency of tight shale gas and oil. This paper investigated the influence of four main dimensionless parameters on the spontaneous imbibition based on a pores distribution of a real shale sample. The results show that the connectivity has the greatest impact on the average imbibition velocity while the impact of the contact angle is the smallest. The capillary number has the greatest impact on the oil displacement efficiency. The impact of main factors on imbibition and displacement is not monotonic, but rather a combination of these factors.

The imbibition of water into the pores of tight oil/gas reservoir can displace the oil/gas out. Thus it is an important method to improve the recovery efficiency of tight shale gas and oil. This paper investigated the influence of four main dimensionless parameters on the spontaneous imbibition based on a pores distribution of a real shale sample. The results show that the connectivity has the greatest impact on the average imbibition velocity while the impact of the contact angle is the smallest. The capillary number has the greatest impact on the oil displacement efficiency. The impact of main factors on imbibition and displacement is not monotonic, but rather a combination of these factors.

A multi-functional nine-channel full-spectrum light emitting diode color temperature palette is proposed. The color temperature (CCT) of the palette can be continuously tuned at 1K interval within the range of 2500K—6500K. A high color rendering index (CRI) is achieved, with Ra > 94 and R1—R15 > 90. A fidelity index (Rf) greater than 91 is obtained, and the gamut index (Rg) within the range of 96 ≤ Rg ≤ 104 is achieved. Additionally, A chromaticity deviation (Duv) within the range of |Duv| < 0.001 is realized. The circadian effect with melanopic efficacy of luminous radiation(MELR) of 0.6 mW/lm—1.14 mW/lm and circadian action factor(CAF) of 0.289 blm/lm—0.656 blm/lm are obtained. To verify the theoretical model’s stability, the Gaussian distribution function of monochromatic LED spectrum is adjusted to induce a 5% asymmetry in integral areas, and the FWHM is offset by ±10%, simulating the non-ideal conditions in practical applications to assess the model’s robustness. The color temperature palette enables precise control and reproduction of CCT of sunlight with corresponding circadian effect, which is of positive significance for visual fields such as photography or art exhibitions and regulation of circadian rhythm.

The growing emphasis on positive psychology in second language acquisition research has underscored the critical role of learners’ psychological strengths in mitigating negative emotions during foreign language learning. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which resilience counteracts affective challenges and facilitates successful outcomes, as well as the functioning of its specific dimensions (i.e., self-regulation, empathy, and social skills), remain underexplored. To address this gap, this study adopted a quantitative design to examine the relationships among resilience, anxiety, and academic achievement among a cohort of 863 Chinese senior high school students learning English as a foreign language. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing psychological and affective variables. The structural equation modelling (SEM) results indicated that: (a) The three dimensions of English learning resilience (i.e., self-regulation, sociability, and empathy) each had a direct negative effect on foreign language anxiety and a direct positive effect on academic achievement; (b) Foreign language anxiety exhibited a direct negative effect on academic achievement. Additionally, the analysis suggested an indirect effect of English learning resilience components on academic achievement through foreign language anxiety. Theoretically, these findings provide empirical evidence for a mediating mechanism through which resilience may influence academic success, highlighting that its benefit may operate not merely by the absence of negative emotions but also through the presence of adaptive strengths. Pedagogically, the results point to the potential value of integrating strategies to foster learners’ self-regulatory capacities and social-emotional competencies, which could help alleviate anxiety and support academic performance.

The academic study of work engagement among pre-service teachers during their practicum has been notably sparse, with even fewer investigations examining the influence of environmental stimuli on their engagement levels and the role of individual psychological and emotional factors throughout the practicum. To address this research gap, the present study, informed by the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) theory, has developed a structural equation model. This model posits teacher support and peer support as stimuli, L2 grit and the foreign language teaching enjoyment as the organism, and the work engagement of pre-service teachers as the behavioral response. A quantitative survey was conducted among 516 preservice EFL teachers to examine the relationships among variables in the model. Findings showed direct predictions of work engagement by teacher support, L2 grit, and FLTE. L2 grit and FLTE sequentially mediated the relationship between teacher and peer support and work engagement. This study identified the factors influencing preservice EFL teachers’ work engagement, contributing to a deeper understanding of their psychological characteristics and emotional experiences during the teaching practicum. Additionally, the study offers practical implications for universities and internship schools to enhance preservice teachers’ work engagement during the practicum.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that presents a serious risk to public health. Glycosyltransferase-related genes (GTRGs) are instrumental in assessing the risk of latent tuberculosis infection progressing to active TB. This study aims to develop novel, accurate, and effective diagnostic markers to enhance the early diagnosis and precision treatment of TB. We employed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to explore key genes that are notably linked toTB. In addition, we employed single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) to examine the differences in immune cell infiltration between normal tissues and those affected by TB. The effectiveness of the potential biomarkers was evaluated through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and their expression patterns. We also conducted single-gene enrichment analysis to explore the biological functions and pathway activities linked to the characteristic genes. Finally, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network to elucidate the potential regulatory mechanisms governing these genes. Through the screening of hub genes and differentially expressed genes from the GTRGs, we identified two potential biomarkers: B4GALT5 and KCNJ2. Evaluation results indicated that these characteristic genes displayed strong diagnostic performance in both the training and validation cohorts. Moreover, single-gene enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were primarily enriched in apoptosis pathways closely associated with TB treatment. Additionally, the construction of the mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network identified 82 miRNAs and 65 lncRNAs. This study elucidates the roles of GTRGs in TB, identifies biomarkers associated with these groups, and establishes the lncRNA expression profile of characteristic genes. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the early diagnosis of TB.

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate flow pattern transitions and concentration distribution during simultaneous pipe flow of oil–water two-phase flow through the horizontal and vertical sections. The flowing media applied were white mineral oil and distilled water. Superficial oil and water velocities were between 0 and 0.57 m/s. Flow pattern maps revealed that the horizontal and vertical sections of the pipe lead to different flow pattern characteristics under the same flow conditions. The original contributions of this work are that a transition mechanism for predicting the boundary between oil-in-water (O/W) flow and water-in-oil (W/O) in oil–water two-phase flow was obtained. The effects of input water cut, oil and water superficial velocities on the concentration distribution of the dispersed phase were studied. The empirical formulas for the phase holdup based on the drift-flux model were obtained. The predicted results agreed well with those of the experimental data, especially for the O/W flow pattern.