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Landscape geopolymer concrete (GePoCo) with environmentally friendly production methods not only has a stable structure but can also effectively reduce environmental damage. Nevertheless, GePoCo poses challenges with its intricate cementitious matrix and a vague mix design, where the components and their relative amounts can influence the compressive strength. In response to these challenges, the application of accurate and applicable soft computing techniques becomes imperative for predicting the strength of such a composite cementitious matrix. This research aimed to predict the compressive strength of GePoCo using waste resources through a novel ensemble ML algorithm. The dataset comprised 156 statistical samples, and 15 variables were selected for prediction. The model employed a combination of the RF, GWO algorithm, and XGBoost. A stacking strategy was implemented by developing multiple RF models with different hyperparameters, combining their outcome predictions into a new dataset, and subsequently developing the XGBoost model, termed the RF–XGBoost model. To enhance accuracy and reduce errors, the GWO algorithm optimized the hyperparameters of the RF–XGBoost model, resulting in the RF–GWO–XGBoost model. This proposed model was compared with stand-alone RF and XGBoost models, and a hybrid GWO–XGBoost system. The results demonstrated significant performance improvement using the proposed strategies, particularly with the assistance of the GWO algorithm. The RF–GWO–XGBoost model exhibited better performance and effectiveness, with an RMSE of 1.712 and 3.485, and R2 of 0.983 and 0.981. In contrast, stand-alone models (RF and XGBoost) and the hybrid model of GWO–XGBoost demonstrated lower performance.

This research addresses the paramount issue of enhancing safety and health conditions in underground mines through the selection of optimal sensor technologies. A novel hybrid MEREC-CoCoSo system is proposed, integrating the strengths of the MEREC (Method for Eliciting Relative Weights) and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) methods. The study involves a three-stage framework: criteria and sensor discernment, criteria weight determination using MEREC, and sensor prioritization through the MEREC-CoCoSo framework. Fifteen criteria and ten sensors were identified, and a comprehensive analysis, including MEREC-based weight determination, led to the prioritization of “Ease of Installation” as the most critical criterion. Proximity sensors were identified as the optimal choice, followed by biometric sensors, gas sensors, and temperature and humidity sensors. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed MEREC-CoCoSo model, a rigorous comparison was conducted with established methods, including VIKOR, TOPSIS, TODIM, ELECTRE, COPRAS, EDAS, and TRUST. The comparison encompassed relevant metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, providing a comprehensive understanding of the proposed model’s performance in relation to other established methodologies. The outcomes of this comparative analysis consistently demonstrated the superiority of the MEREC-CoCoSo model in accurately selecting the best sensor for ensuring safety and health in underground mining. Notably, the proposed model exhibited higher accuracy rates, increased sensitivity, and improved specificity compared to alternative methods. These results affirm the robustness and reliability of the MEREC-CoCoSo model, establishing it as a state-of-the-art decision-making framework for sensor selection in underground mine safety. The inclusion of these actual results enhances the clarity and credibility of our research, providing valuable insights into the superior performance of the proposed model compared to existing methodologies. The main objective of this research is to develop a robust decision-making framework for optimal sensor selection in underground mines, with a focus on enhancing safety and health conditions. The study seeks to identify and prioritize critical criteria for sensor selection in the context of underground mine safety. The research strives to contribute to the mining industry by offering a structured and effective approach to sensor selection, prioritizing safety and health in underground mining operations.

In this review, we meticulously analyze and consolidate various techniques used for measuring the junction temperature of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by examining recent advancements in the field as reported in the literature. We initiate our exploration by delineating the evolution of LED technology and underscore the criticality of junction temperature detection. Subsequently, we delve into two key facets of LED junction temperature assessment: steady-state and transient measurements. Beginning with an examination of innovations in steady-state junction temperature detection, we cover a spectrum of approaches ranging from traditional one-dimensional methods to more advanced three-dimensional techniques. These include micro-thermocouple, liquid crystal thermography (LCT), temperature sensitive optical parameters (TSOPs), and infrared (IR) thermography methods. We provide a comprehensive summary of the contributions made by researchers in this domain, while also elucidating the merits and demerits of each method. Transitioning to transient detection, we offer a detailed overview of various techniques such as the improved T3ster method, an enhanced one-dimensional continuous rectangular wave method (CRWM), and thermal reflection imaging. Additionally, we introduce novel methods leveraging high-speed camera technology and reflected light intensity (h-SCRLI), as well as micro high-speed transient imaging based on reflected light (μ_HSTI). Finally, we provide a critical appraisal of the advantages and limitations inherent in several transient detection methods and offer prognostications on future developments in this burgeoning field.

Displays based on inorganic light-emitting diodes (LED) are considered as the most promising one among the display technologies for the next-generation. The chip for LED display bears similar features to those currently in use for general lighting, but it size is shrunk to below 200 microns. Thus, the advantages of high efficiency and long life span of conventional LED chips are inherited by miniaturized ones. As the size gets smaller, the resolution enhances, but at the expense of elevating the complexity of fabrication. In this review, we introduce two sorts of inorganic LED displays, namely relatively large and small varieties. The mini-LEDs with chip sizes ranging from 100 to 200 μm have already been commercialized for backlight sources in consumer electronics applications. The realized local diming can greatly improve the contrast ratio at relatively low energy consumptions. The micro-LEDs with chip size less than 100 μm, still remain in the laboratory. The full-color solution, one of the key technologies along with its three main components, red, green, and blue chips, as well color conversion, and optical lens synthesis, are introduced in detail. Moreover, this review provides an account for contemporary technologies as well as a clear view of inorganic and miniaturized LED displays for the display community.

The convergence of Metaverse technologies, Internet of Things (IoT), and consumer electronics has given rise to an imperative need for scalable, real-time sentiment analysis that can process heterogeneous, high-velocity media flows. The traditional approaches tend to fail in preserving the contextual, emotional, and temporal dynamism that pervades cross-platform settings. For these shortcomings, this work proposes a deep learning-based framework for sentiment analysis that integrates IoT-enabled consumer devices and Metaverse media interactions seamlessly. The overall BG-Hybrid model, fundamentally, blends BERT-led bidirectional encoding and GPT-based generative modeling to attain subtle emotion detection and context-aware comprehending. The five interconnected modules constituting the architecture include (i) multi-source data collection using RESTful APIs; (ii) weighted preprocessing pipelines using tokenization, lemmatization, and normalization; (iii) Adam algorithm-optimized model training and cross-entropy loss minimization-based training; (iv) adaptive real-time processing using dynamic window segmentation; and (v) an ongoing refinement loop using continuous user inputs, triggered by a feedback mechanism. Predictive thresholding is employed to manage temporal sentiment variations, and anomaly detection ensures data trustworthiness. Experimental analyses on Twitter Sentiment140 and Amazon Reviews datasets validate the effectiveness of the system, obtaining 94.5% accuracy, 91.5% F1-score, an average response latency of 250 ms, and proved scalability exceeding 91.5%.

Fiber-reinforced nano-silica concrete (FrRNSC) was applied to a concrete sculpture to address the issue of brittle fracture, and the primary objective of this study was to explore the potential of hybridizing the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with four robust and intelligent ensemble learning techniques, namely XGBoost, LightGBM, AdaBoost, and CatBoost, to anticipate the compressive strength of fiber-reinforced nano-silica concrete (FrRNSC) for sculptural elements. The optimization of hyperparameters for these techniques was performed using the GWO metaheuristic algorithm, enhancing accuracy through the creation of four hybrid ensemble learning models: GWO-XGBoost, GWO-LightGBM, GWO-AdaBoost, and GWO-CatBoost. A comparative analysis was conducted between the results obtained from these hybrid models and their conventional counterparts. The evaluation of these models is based on five key indices: R2, RMSE, VAF, MAE, and bias, addressing an objective assessment of the predictive models’ performance and capabilities. The outcomes reveal that GWO-XGBoost, exhibiting R2 values of (0.971 and 0.978) for the train and test stages, respectively, emerges as the best predictive model for estimating the compressive strength of fiber-reinforced nano-silica concrete (FrRNSC) compared to other models. Consequently, the proposed GWO-XGBoost algorithm proves to be an efficient tool for anticipating CSFrRNSC.

The standard approach for testing ordinary concrete compressive strength (CS) is to cast samples and test them after different curing times. However, testing adds cost and time to projects, and, therefore, construction sites experience delays. Because carbon nanotubes (CNTs) vary in length, composition, diameter, and dispersion, experiment and formula fitting alone cannot reliably predict the strength of CNTs-based composites. For empirical equations or traditional statistical approaches to properly forecast complex materials’ mechanical characteristics, various significant parameters, databases, and nonlinear relationships between variables must be considered. Machine learning (ML) tools are the most advanced for accurate predictions of material behaviour. This study employed gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and extreme gradient boosting techniques to forecast the CS of CNTs-modified concrete. Also, in order to explore the influence and interaction of various features, an interaction analysis was conducted. In terms of R2, gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and extreme gradient boosting models proved their accuracy. Extreme gradient boosting had the highest R2 of 0.97, followed by light gradient boosting machine and gradient boosting with scores of 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. This type of research may help both academics and industry forecast material properties and influential elements, thereby reducing lab test requirements.

The present study utilized machine learning (ML) techniques to investigate the effects of eggshell powder (ESP) and recycled glass powder (RGP) on cement composites subjected to an acidic setting. A dataset acquired from the published literature was employed to develop machine learning-based predictive models for the cement mortar’s compressive strength (CS) decrease. Artificial neural network (ANN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and linear regression (LR) were chosen for modeling. Also, RreliefF analysis was performed to study the relevance of variables. A total of 234 data points were utilized to train/test ML algorithms. Cement, sand, water, silica fume, superplasticizer, glass powder, eggshell powder, and 90 days of CS were considered as input variables. The outcomes of the research showed that the employed models could be applied to evaluate the reduction percentage of CS in cement composites, including ESP and RGP, after being exposed to acid. Based on the R2 values (0.87 for the ANN, 0.81 for the KNN, and 0.78 for LR), as well as the assessment of variation between test values and anticipated outcomes and errors (1.32% for ANN, 1.57% for KNN, and 1.69% for LR), it was determined that the accuracy of the ANN model was superior to the KNN and LR. The sieve diagram exhibited a correlation amongst the model predicted and target results. The outcomes of the RreliefF analysis suggested that ESP and RGP significantly influenced the CS loss of samples with RreliefF scores of 0.26 and 0.21, respectively. Based on the outcomes of the research, the ANN approach was determined suitable for predicting the CS loss of mortar subjected to acidic environments, thereby eliminating lab testing trails.

Evaluating solar radiation distribution at the urban scale is crucial for optimizing the placement and size of solar installations and managing urban heat. This study introduces a method for predicting urban solar radiation using 2D mapping data, applying a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model to the city of Boston. Traditional solar radiation simulation methods, such as 3D modeling and satellite imagery, require complex and resource-intensive data inputs. In contrast, this research allows open-source 2D urban geographic information—such as building footprints, heights, and terrain—to predict solar radiation at various spatial scales (150 m, 300 m, and 500 m). The GAN model, using detailed 3D urban modeling and simulation results, trained paired datasets of geographic information and solar radiation heatmaps. It achieved high accuracy and resolution, with the 300 m scale model demonstrating the best performance (R2 = 0.864). The model’s capability to generate high-resolution (2 m) solar radiation maps from simplified inputs demonstrates the potential of GANs for urban climate data prediction, offering a rapid and efficient alternative to traditional methods. This approach holds significant potential for urban planning, particularly in optimizing photovoltaic (PV) system layouts and managing the UHI effect.

The structural components of the thymus are essential for guiding T cell development, but a thorough spatial view is still absent. Here we develop the TSO-his tool, designed to integrate multimodal data from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to decipher the intricate structure of human thymus. Specifically, we characterize dynamic changes in cell types and critical markers, identifying ELOVL4 as a mediator of CD4 + T cell positive selection in the cortex. Utilizing the mapping function of TSO-his, we reconstruct thymic spatial architecture at single-cell resolution and recapitulates classical cell types and their essential co-localization for T cell development; additionally, previously unknown co-localization relationships such as that of CD8αα with memory B cells and monocytes are identified. Incorporating VDJ sequencing data, we also delineate distinct intermediate thymocyte states during αβ T cell development. Overall, these insights enhance our understanding of thymic biology and may inform therapeutic interventions targeting T cell-mediated immune responses. Thymus is important for shaping T cell immunity, but spatial insights at cellular and molecular level are still scarce. Here the author use multi-omics approaches and custom algorithms to reconstruct the spatial organization of human thymi for both confirming known features and unrevealing new components during thymocyte maturation.