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ميسي : القصة الحقيقية للفتى الذي أصبح أسطورة
يستعين لوكا كيولي بكثير من الشهادات الحصرية في رواية قصة ميسي مستوحاة من والديه وعائلته، وكذلك مدربيه في نادي غراندولي ونيولز أولد بويز، وفرانك ريكارد، وزامبروتا من نادي برشلونة، إضافة إلى خورخي فالدانو، وكثير من رفاقه في المنتخب الأرجنتيني : بابلو زاباليتا لاعب نادي مانشستر سيتي، والمدافع السابق لنادي تشلسي آسيير ديل أورنو، ويلخص ميسي في الفصل الأخير أحداث حياته بنفسه. يقدم هذا الكتاب صورة واضحة لأهم اللاعبين في العصر الحديث، وقد شهد الجميع بمن فيهم الفريق الخصم على العبقرية الفريدة التي يمتاز بها نادي برشلونة بشكل عام، ونجمه الفذ ليونيل ميسي بشكل خاص.
BOOK
Factors contributing to healthcare professional burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid turnaround global survey
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the front lines against COVID-19 may face increased workload and stress. Understanding HCPs' risk for burnout is critical to supporting HCPs and maintaining the quality of healthcare during the pandemic.
To assess exposure, perceptions, workload, and possible burnout of HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic we conducted a cross-sectional survey. The main outcomes and measures were HCPs' self-assessment of burnout, indicated by a single item measure of emotional exhaustion, and other experiences and attitudes associated with working during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A total of 2,707 HCPs from 60 countries participated in this study. Fifty-one percent of HCPs reported burnout. Burnout was associated with work impacting household activities (RR = 1·57, 95% CI = 1·39-1·78, P<0·001), feeling pushed beyond training (RR = 1·32, 95% CI = 1·20-1·47, P<0·001), exposure to COVID-19 patients (RR = 1·18, 95% CI = 1·05-1·32, P = 0·005), and making life prioritizing decisions (RR = 1·16, 95% CI = 1·02-1·31, P = 0·03). Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) was protective against burnout (RR = 0·88, 95% CI = 0·79-0·97, P = 0·01). Burnout was higher in high-income countries (HICs) compared to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (RR = 1·18; 95% CI = 1·02-1·36, P = 0·018).
Burnout is present at higher than previously reported rates among HCPs working during the COVID-19 pandemic and is related to high workload, job stress, and time pressure, and limited organizational support. Current and future burnout among HCPs could be mitigated by actions from healthcare institutions and other governmental and non-governmental stakeholders aimed at potentially modifiable factors, including providing additional training, organizational support, and support for family, PPE, and mental health resources.
Journal Article
Central compact objects in supernova remnants
Central Compact Objects (CCOs) are a handful of sources located close to the geometrical center of young supernova remnants. They only show thermal-like, soft X-ray emission and have no counterparts at any other wavelength. While the first observed CCO turned out to be a very peculiar magnetar, discovery that three members of the family are weakly magnetised Isolated Neutron Stars (INSs) set the basis for an interpretation of the class. However, the phenomeology of CCOs and their relationship with other classes of INSs, possibly ruled by supernova fall-back accretion, are still far from being well understood.
Journal Article
Renaissance splendor : Catherine de' Medici's Valois tapestries
Featuring detailed scenes of court pageantry and life-size portraits of members of the French Valois dynasty woven in wool, silk, and precious metal-wrapped threads, the Valois Tapestries are one of the most extravagant sets of hangings produced in the 16th century. The precise circumstances surrounding the tapestries' commission and their arrival at the Medici court in Florence, as well as the significance of the specific scenes depicted, however, have eluded scholars for years. Presenting new research into the political maneuvering of the Valois and Medici courts and providing extensive physical analysis gathered during a recent cleaning of the tapestries, this volume offers brand new insight into why these magnificent works were made and what they represent. Exhibition: Cleveland Museum of Art, USA (11.11.2018-27.01.2019).
BOOK
Genomic insights into the causes of type 2 diabetes
Genome-wide association studies have implicated around 250 genomic regions in predisposition to type 2 diabetes, with evidence for causal variants and genes emerging for several of these regions. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including the interplay between β-cell failure, insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation, and adipose storage has been facilitated by the integration of multidimensional data for diabetes-related intermediate phenotypes, detailed genomic annotations, functional experiments, and now multiomic molecular features. Studies in diverse ethnic groups and examples from population isolates have shown the value and need for a broad genomic approach to this global disease. Transethnic discovery efforts and large-scale biobanks in diverse populations and ancestries could help to address some of the Eurocentric bias. Despite rapid progress in the discovery of the highly polygenic architecture of type 2 diabetes, dominated by common alleles with small, cumulative effects on disease risk, these insights have been of little clinical use in terms of disease prediction or prevention, and have made only small contributions to subtype classification or stratified approaches to treatment. Successful development of academia–industry partnerships for exome or genome sequencing in large biobanks could help to deliver economies of scale, with implications for the future of genomics-focused research.
Journal Article
Distribution of the four type VI secretion systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and classification of their core and accessory effectors
Bacterial type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are puncturing molecular machines that transport effector proteins to kill microbes, manipulate eukaryotic cells, or facilitate nutrient uptake. How and why T6SS machines and effectors differ within a species is not fully understood. Here, we applied molecular population genetics to the T6SSs in a global population of the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. We reveal varying occurrence of up to four distinct T6SS machines. Moreover, we define conserved core T6SS effectors, likely critical for the biology of
P. aeruginosa
, and accessory effectors that can exhibit mutual exclusivity between strains. By ancestral reconstruction, we observed dynamic changes in the gain and loss of effector genes in the species’ evolutionary history. Our work highlights the potential importance of T6SS intraspecific diversity in bacterial ecology and evolution.
Populations of a single bacterial species can possess a great diversity of type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) and secreted effectors. Here, Habich et al. apply molecular population genetics to the T6SSs of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, highlighting the potential importance of T6SS intraspecific diversity in bacterial ecology and evolution.
Journal Article
Genetic Predisposition to an Impaired Metabolism of the Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomisation Analysis
Higher circulating levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; i.e., isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are strongly associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk, but it is not known whether this association is causal. We undertook large-scale human genetic analyses to address this question.
Genome-wide studies of BCAA levels in 16,596 individuals revealed five genomic regions associated at genome-wide levels of significance (p < 5 × 10-8). The strongest signal was 21 kb upstream of the PPM1K gene (beta in standard deviations [SDs] of leucine per allele = 0.08, p = 3.9 × 10-25), encoding an activator of the mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) responsible for the rate-limiting step in BCAA catabolism. In another analysis, in up to 47,877 cases of type 2 diabetes and 267,694 controls, a genetically predicted difference of 1 SD in amino acid level was associated with an odds ratio for type 2 diabetes of 1.44 (95% CI 1.26-1.65, p = 9.5 × 10-8) for isoleucine, 1.85 (95% CI 1.41-2.42, p = 7.3 × 10-6) for leucine, and 1.54 (95% CI 1.28-1.84, p = 4.2 × 10-6) for valine. Estimates were highly consistent with those from prospective observational studies of the association between BCAA levels and incident type 2 diabetes in a meta-analysis of 1,992 cases and 4,319 non-cases. Metabolome-wide association analyses of BCAA-raising alleles revealed high specificity to the BCAA pathway and an accumulation of metabolites upstream of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid oxidation, consistent with reduced BCKD activity. Limitations of this study are that, while the association of genetic variants appeared highly specific, the possibility of pleiotropic associations cannot be entirely excluded. Similar to other complex phenotypes, genetic scores used in the study captured a limited proportion of the heritability in BCAA levels. Therefore, it is possible that only some of the mechanisms that increase BCAA levels or affect BCAA metabolism are implicated in type 2 diabetes.
Evidence from this large-scale human genetic and metabolomic study is consistent with a causal role of BCAA metabolism in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes.
Journal Article
Laser microtextured titanium implant surfaces reduce in vitro and in situ oral biofilm formation
Micro- or nano-topography can both provide antimicrobial properties and improve osseointegration of dental implant titanium surfaces. Laser treatment is one of the best surface microtexturing techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in situ biofilm formation on a laser-treated titanium surface, comparing it with two conventional surfaces, machined and grit-blasted.
For the in vitro experiment, an oral microcosm biofilm model was developed on the surface of titanium disks and reference human enamel using a bioreactor for 48 h. For the in situ experiment, titanium implants with laser-treated, machined and grit-blasted surfaces were mounted on intraoral trays and worn by ten volunteers for 48 h. Biofilm formation was quantitatively evaluated, and surfaces were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Biofilm structures with a prevalence of viable cells covered most of the machined, grit-blasted and human enamel surfaces, whereas less dense biofilm structures with non-confluent microcolonies were observed on the laser-treated titanium. Laser-treated titanium showed the lowest biofilm formation, where microorganisms colonized the edges of the laser-created pits, with very few or no biofilm formation observed inside the pits.
The biofilm formation pattern observed was similar to that in the in vitro experiment. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed complete coverage of the implant threads, with mostly viable cells in grit-blasted and machined specimens. Unexpectedly, laser-treated specimens showed few dead microbial cells colonizing the bottom of the threads, while an intense colonization was found on the threading sides.
This data suggests that laser-created microtopography can reduce biofilm formation, with a maximum effect when the surface is blasted orthogonally by the laser beam. In this sense the orientation of the laser beam seems to be relevant for the biological interaction with biofilms.
Journal Article
Uncertainties about left ventricular thrombus after STEMI
Uncertainties remain about the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy to prevent left ventricular thrombus formation after myocardial infarction. In particular, the roles of predisposing factors and prophylactic anticoagulation have not been sufficiently considered. We propose an ‘uncertainties flowchart’ with the aim of stimulating research on the topic.
Journal Article