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"Luis, J."
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What is the prevalence of peri-implantitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background
Peri-implantitis is a usual finding but estimates of its prevalence fluctuate very much. This may be due to the wide variety of disease definitions. This systematic review aims to estimate the overall prevalence of peri-implantitis and the effect of different study designs, function times and use of probing depth on prevalence rate.
Methods
Following electronic and manual searches of the literature published from January 2005 to December 2021, data were extracted from the studies fitting the study criteria. Fifty-seven articles were included in this study.
Results
Prevalence of peri-implantitis was 19.53% (95% CI 12.87–26.19) at the patient-level, and 12.53% (95% CI 11.67–13.39) at the implant-level and it remains highly variable even following restriction to the clinical case definition. The use of probing depth like diagnostic criteria affected the prevalence data.
Conclusion
The results indicate that it remains essential the identification of the diagnostic markers for more accurate disease classification.
Journal Article
Regime shifts, trends, and variability of lake productivity at a global scale
Lakes are often described as sentinels of global change. Phenomena like lake eutrophication, algal blooms, or reorganization in community composition belong to the most studied ecosystem regime shifts. However, although regime shifts have been well documented in several lakes, a global assessment of the prevalence of regime shifts is still missing, and, more in general, of the factors altering stability in lake status, is missing. Here, we provide a first global assessment of regime shifts and stability in the productivity of 1,015 lakes worldwide using trophic state index (TSI) time series derived from satellite imagery. We find that 12.8% of the lakes studied show regime shifts whose signatures are compatible with tipping points, while the number of detected regime shifts from low to high TSI has increased over time. Although our results suggest an overall stable picture for global lake dynamics, the limited instability signatures do not mean that lakes are insensitive to global change. Modeling the interaction between lake climatic, geophysical, and socioeconomic features and their stability properties, we find that the probability of a lake experiencing a tipping point increases with human population density in its catchment, while it decreases as the gross domestic product of that population increases. Our results show how quantifying lake productivity dynamics at a global scale highlights socioeconomic inequalities in conserving natural environments.
Journal Article
A pilot study using metagenomic sequencing of the sputum microbiome suggests potential bacterial biomarkers for lung cancer
Lung cancer (LC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and responsible for over 1.3 million deaths each year. Currently, LC has a low five year survival rates relative to other cancers, and thus, novel methods to screen for and diagnose malignancies are necessary to improve patient outcomes. Here, we report on a pilot-sized study to evaluate the potential of the sputum microbiome as a source of non-invasive bacterial biomarkers for lung cancer status and stage. Spontaneous sputum samples were collected from ten patients referred with possible LC, of which four were eventually diagnosed with LC (LC+), and six had no LC after one year (LC-). Of the seven bacterial species found in all samples, Streptococcus viridans was significantly higher in LC+ samples. Seven further bacterial species were found only in LC-, and 16 were found only in samples from LC+. Additional taxonomic differences were identified in regards to significant fold changes between LC+ and LC-cases, with five species having significantly higher abundances in LC+, with Granulicatella adiacens showing the highest level of abundance change. Functional differences, evident through significant fold changes, included polyamine metabolism and iron siderophore receptors. G. adiacens abundance was correlated with six other bacterial species, namely Enterococcus sp. 130, Streptococcus intermedius, Escherichia coli, S. viridans, Acinetobacter junii, and Streptococcus sp. 6, in LC+ samples only, which could also be related to LC stage. Spontaneous sputum appears to be a viable source of bacterial biomarkers which may have utility as biomarkers for LC status and stage.
Journal Article
X-Men gold. Vol. 5, Cruel and unusual
Following their treacherous escape from the Negative Zone and the sacrifices that were made in the fight against Scythian, the team wonders where they go from here.
BOOK
Mutations in the NOTCH pathway regulator MIB1 cause left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy
The Notch signaling pathway has a key role in shaping the developing heart. Guillermo Luxán
et al
. identify two human mutations in the gene encoding the Notch pathway protein MIB1 that cause a type of cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction. The authors show that mice lacking Mib1 in the myocardium have a similar type of cardiomyopathy and analyze how MIB1 deficiency leads to defective ventricular development.
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) causes prominent ventricular trabeculations and reduces cardiac systolic function. The clinical presentation of LVNC ranges from asymptomatic to heart failure. We show that germline mutations in human
MIB1
(mindbomb homolog 1), which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes endocytosis of the NOTCH ligands DELTA and JAGGED, cause LVNC in autosomal-dominant pedigrees, with affected individuals showing reduced NOTCH1 activity and reduced expression of target genes. Functional studies in cells and zebrafish embryos and
in silico
modeling indicate that MIB1 functions as a dimer, which is disrupted by the human mutations. Targeted inactivation of
Mib1
in mouse myocardium causes LVNC, a phenotype mimicked by inactivation of myocardial Jagged1 or endocardial Notch1. Myocardial
Mib1
mutants show reduced ventricular Notch1 activity, expansion of compact myocardium to proliferative, immature trabeculae and abnormal expression of cardiac development and disease genes. These results implicate NOTCH signaling in LVNC and indicate that
MIB1
mutations arrest chamber myocardium development, preventing trabecular maturation and compaction.
Journal Article
Distinguishing time-delayed causal interactions using convergent cross mapping
An important problem across many scientific fields is the identification of causal effects from observational data alone. Recent methods (convergent cross mapping, CCM) have made substantial progress on this problem by applying the idea of nonlinear attractor reconstruction to time series data. Here, we expand upon the technique of CCM by explicitly considering time lags. Applying this extended method to representative examples (model simulations, a laboratory predator-prey experiment, temperature and greenhouse gas reconstructions from the Vostok ice core and long-term ecological time series collected in the Southern California Bight), we demonstrate the ability to identify different time-delayed interactions, distinguish between synchrony induced by strong unidirectional-forcing and true bidirectional causality and resolve transitive causal chains.
Journal Article
Fast computational optimization of TMS coil placement for individualized electric field targeting
•Auxiliary dipole method (ADM) optimizes TMS coil placement in under 8 min.•Optimum coil position is up to 14 mm away from conventional targeting.•Optimum coil orientation is typically near normal to the sulcal wall.•TMS induced E-field is less sensitive to orientation than position errors.
During transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) a coil placed on the scalp is used to non-invasively modulate activity of targeted brain networks via a magnetically induced electric field (E-field). Ideally, the E-field induced during TMS is concentrated on a targeted cortical region of interest (ROI). Determination of the coil position and orientation that best achieve this objective presently requires a large computational effort.
To improve the accuracy of TMS we have developed a fast computational auxiliary dipole method (ADM) for determining the optimum coil position and orientation. The optimum coil placement maximizes the E-field along a predetermined direction or, alternatively, the overall E-field magnitude in the targeted ROI. Furthermore, ADM can assess E-field uncertainty resulting from precision limitations of TMS coil placement protocols.
ADM leverages the electromagnetic reciprocity principle to compute rapidly the TMS induced E-field in the ROI by using the E-field generated by a virtual constant current source residing in the ROI. The framework starts by solving for the conduction currents resulting from this ROI current source. Then, it rapidly determines the average E-field induced in the ROI for each coil position by using the conduction currents and a fast-multipole method. To further speed-up the computations, the coil is approximated using auxiliary dipoles enabling it to represent all coil orientations for a given coil position with less than 600 dipoles.
Using ADM, the E-fields generated in an MRI-derived head model when the coil is placed at 5900 different scalp positions and 360 coil orientations per position (over 2.1 million unique configurations) can be determined in under 15 min on a standard laptop computer. This enables rapid extraction of the optimum coil position and orientation as well as the E-field variation resulting from coil positioning uncertainty. ADM is implemented in SimNIBS 3.2.
ADM enables the rapid determination of coil placement that maximizes E-field delivery to a specific brain target. This method can find the optimum coil placement in under 15 min enabling its routine use for TMS. Furthermore, it enables the fast quantification of uncertainty in the induced E-field due to limited precision of TMS coil placement protocols, enabling minimization and statistical analysis of the E-field dose variability.
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Journal Article