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"Luna, Francisco Vidal"
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THE GROWTH OF THE SOYBEAN FRONTIER IN SOUTH AMERICA: THE CASE OF BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA
In the past 50 years, South America has emerged as the dominant world producer of soybeans, a crop of no significance in the region before the middle of the 20th century. As of the crop year 2019/2020, Brazil and Argentina produced 176 million tons which is over half of all world production and these two countries alone will also account for 57 per cent of all Soybeans exported in international trade. How this new agricultural product evolved in these two principal regional producers is the aim of this study. Here we attempt to examine the historical evolution of soybean production in Brazil and Argentina and try to show the unique patterns of production in each of the two crucial states.
Journal Article
The economic and social history of Brazil since 1889
\"This is the first complete economic and social history of Brazil in the modern period in any language. It provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian society and economy from the end of the empire in 1889 to the present day. The authors elucidate the basic trends that have defined modern Brazilian society and economy. In this period Brazil moved from being a mostly rural traditional agriculture society with only light industry and low levels of human capital to a modern literate and industrial nation. It has also transformed itself into one of the world's most important agricultural exporters. How and why this occurred is explained in this important survey\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Social Change, Industrialization, and the Service Economy in São Paulo, 1950-2020
In the 1950s-80s, Brazil built one of the most advanced
industrial networks among the \"developing\" countries, initially
concentrated in the state of São Paulo. But from the 1980s,
decentralization of industry spread to other states reducing São
Paulo's relative importance in the country's industrial product.
This volume draws on social, economic, and demographic data to
document the accelerated industrialization of the state and its
subsequent shift to a service economy amidst worsening social and
economic inequality.
Through its cultural institutions, universities, banking, and
corporate sectors, the municipality of São Paulo would become a
world metropolis. At the same time, given its rapid growth from 2
million to 12 million residents in this period, São Paulo dealt
with problems of distribution, housing, and governance. This
significant volume elucidates these and other trends during the
late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, and will be an
invaluable reference for scholars of history, policy, and the
economy in Latin America.
eBook
Slave Economy and Society in Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil in 1830
The current analysis of slave society in Brazil has involved a rethinking of the traditional plantation-dominated model, with a new stress on the wide dispersion of slaves among whites and non-whites and their involvement in a lively internal economy as well as in extractive industries. This general picture is confirmed in a detailed analysis of the economy and slavery practised in the two major provinces of Minas Gerais and São Paulo in the late 1820s and early 1830s. Slaves were held in small units and they could be found in every region and occupied in every major economic activity. Some regions even had positive growth rates of the resident slave population despite the massive arrival of Africans. Finally we find women and free coloured as significant slave-owners, with the latter especially concentrated in the trades.
Journal Article
Social Change, Industrialization, and the Service Economy in São Paulo, 1950-2020
No detailed description available for \"Social Change, Industrialization, and the Service Economy in São Paulo, 1950-2020\".
Book
The Development of a Modern Cellulose Industry in South America
Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay today account for well over a third of world exports of cellulose, yet this industry only came into existence in the late twentieth century. The evolution of this industry across the three countries is the object of this study. This nascent industry required direct government support in all three countries to be successful. Forestry laws and government investments in research, education, and factory construction were all needed to encourage local and foreign capital. There were differences among these countries in their linkages to other economic sectors as well as their export mix. But in all three countries, the forestry industry was part of a general modernization of agriculture that allowed for successful competition in world markets.
Brasil, Chile y Uruguay representan hoy más de un tercio de las exportaciones mundiales de celulosa; sin embargo, esta industria solo comenzó a existir a fines del siglo XX. La diferente evolución de esta industria en los tres países es el objeto de este estudio. Esta era una industria incipiente que requería apoyo gubernamental directo en los tres países para tener éxito. Se necesitaban leyes forestales, inversiones gubernamentales en investigación, educación y construcción de fábricas para estimular el capital local y extranjero. Entre estos países había diferencias en sus vínculos con otros sectores de la economía, así como en su combinación de exportaciones. Pero en los tres países, su industria forestal fue parte de una modernización general de la agricultura en la que los tres países pudieron competir con éxito en los mercados mundiales.
Journal Article
Demographic Change in São Paulo Since 1950
São Paulo experienced major changes in its fundamental demographic makeup in the period after 1950. The state experienced historical changes in birth and death rates and became overwhelmingly urban. Rapidly declining birth and death rates along with rising life expectancy led to basic changes in the fabric of society. Post-1950 São Paulo, like the national population, experienced what has been called the demographic transition, which resulted in historically unprecedented low levels of births. Despite ever-falling death rates, these low birth rates will eventually lead to a declining population by the middle decades of the twenty-first century. Although some of these
Book Chapter
Societal Changes
The impact of demographic change, economic growth, and urbanization slowly and steadily led to basic changes in social norms in São Paulo, as it did in the nation as a whole. The meaning of marriage and the role of women were particularly affected by these changes. So massive were these changes that Paulista society in 2020 looks very different from the society that existed in 1950. Then legal marriage supported by the Church was the norm, women were less educated than men, and women’s participation in the labor force was low and confined primarily to unskilled occupations. Moreover, the state
Book Chapter