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"Lundstrom, Catrin"
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“We Foreigners Lived In Our Foreign Bubble”: Understanding Colorblind Ideology In Expatriate Narratives1
Racial colorblindness—the desire to not “see color”—or avoiding any use of the term “race” itself, has been an antiracist imperative in post‐WWII Sweden in order to leave behind the prior era of eugenics and racial thinking. Through a multi‐sited linguistic ethnographic study, this article examines how 46 returning Swedish expatriate women talk about race and whiteness in race‐related experiences and interactions, using colorblind language. By analyzing the implicit contextual associations and dissociations made between race, language, subjectivity, and nation, a system of ideas and cognitive structures mapping perceptions and constructions of the world is exposed; of national belonging, racialized bodies, racial hierarchies, and perceptions of the West itself. In their migrant narratives, however, the categories used could be ascribed opposite meanings, depending on subjectivity and context. In this logic, language and nationality becomes “visible” or “hidden” depending on time and place, while “visible whiteness” can be associated with either an undesirable sense of difference or a set of unspoken privileges.
Journal Article
THE WHITE SIDE OF MIGRATION
‘The migrant’ tends to be imagined as a non-privileged, non-white, non-western subject in search of a better future in Europe or the United States and as such is a pre-constituted subject shaped by notions of marginalization and poverty. What kinds of stories are obscured by this recurrent image of ‘the migrant’ and how do such categorizations hamper the analysis of privilege, belonging and white normativity within studies of migration? Why are some individuals not regarded as migrants despite their migrant status? Why are other individuals seen as migrants and thus denied their national belonging in spite of their formal status as national citizens? The article develops analytical tools on migration, belonging and citizenship, with particular attention to (a) autochthony and belonging, (b) race and citizenship and (c) white capital.
Journal Article
Nordic Whiteness: An Introduction
Majority Swedes, Danes, Norwegians, Finns, and Icelanders have at various times and settings had their whiteness questioned or rejected. [...]whiteness in the Nordic countries is today in flux due to influxes of non-white migrants and the increased mobility and mobilization of domestic minorities like the Sámi, Jews, and Roma. Combined, their case studies and analyses offer empirically based examinations that reveal how white identities in the Nordic countries, like those elsewhere, contain internal hierarchies and contingencies. [...]they stand to qualify disciplinary trends that would frame the Anglo-American experience as definitive of whiteness. In 1930 at the Stockholm Exhibition, Swedes were presented and proclaimed themselves as being the whitest of all whites in an exhibition hall showing the results of the body measurements of tens of thousands of Swedes, which had been carried out by the state institute (Hagerman 2006). Because of this privileged position, the country's scientific community and its scholars excelled in and contributed substantially to \"race science,\" ever since Carl Linnaeus created the first modern scientific system for race classification in the mid-i700s, and Anders Retzius invented the skull or cephalic index in the 1850s (Broberg and Tydén 2005). According to Katarina Schough (2008), contemporary aesthetic standards that privilege \"Nordic beauty\" can be traced back to the cult of the Nordic and its central place within Sweden's national imaginary, dating back at least to the early modern period.
Journal Article
Embodying Exoticism: Gendered Nuances of Swedish Hyper-Whiteness in the United States
[...]in Carl C. Brigham's estimate of the proportions of blood stock from different European countries in the United States in 1923, Swedes are classified as the whitest of all (white) because they were thought to be the only race in Europe to have 100 percent Nordic blood (Brigham 1923, 159). [...]alongside the physically visual characteristics of whiteness-such as blond hair, height, ivory skin, and blue eyes-an identified Swedish accent can become a kind of cultural capital that intensifies the racial purity of the \"real Swede,\" albeit historically not only associated with positive characteristics. According to Skeggs (2004), habitus as embodied cultural capital is an integral part of the person and, unlike other forms of cultural capital, can therefore not be transmitted by gifts, purchases, or exchanges. White Femininity For the women in the study, gender and whiteness intersect in complex ways and include aspects of racial and class privilege, and gendered vulnerabilities. Because the women often experienced increased economic dependence on their husbands after moving from Sweden, they had to negotiate racial and class privileges from a position that involves gendered inequality and social insecurity.
Journal Article
We Foreigners Lived In Our Foreign Bubble
Racial colorblindness—the desire to not “see color”—or avoiding any use of the term “race” itself, has been an antiracist imperative in post-WWII Sweden in order to leave behind the prior era of eugenics and racial thinking. Through a multi-sited linguistic ethnographic study, this article examines how 46 returning Swedish expatriate women talk about race and whiteness in race-related experiences and interactions, using colorblind language. By analyzing the implicit contextual associations and dissociations made between race, language, subjectivity, and nation, a system of ideas and cognitive structures mapping perceptions and constructions of the world is exposed; of national belonging, racialized bodies, racial hierarchies, and perceptions of the West itself. In their migrant narratives, however, the categories used could be ascribed opposite meanings, depending on subjectivity and context. In this logic, language and nationality becomes “visible” or “hidden” depending on time and place, while “visible whiteness” can be associated with either an undesirable sense of difference or a set of unspoken privileges.
Journal Article
I DIDN’T COME HERE TO DO HOUSEWORK
On the basis of 13 in-depth interviews with Swedish women and one month of ethnographic work in the Swedish community in Singapore in 2009, this article examines how Swedish women, travelling from Sweden to Singapore as “expatriate wives” in the wake of their Swedish husbands, navigate gendered and racialised transnational spaces of domestic work and negotiating their changed identities as both housewives and employers of live-in maids in the household. How do the women justify their current division of labour in the light of Swedish national ideologies of work and Swedish ideals of gender and class equality?
Journal Article
“We Foreigners Lived In Our Foreign Bubble”: Understanding Colorblind Ideology In Expatriate Narratives 1
Racial colorblindness—the desire to not “see color”—or avoiding any use of the term “race” itself, has been an antiracist imperative in post‐WWII Sweden in order to leave behind the prior era of eugenics and racial thinking. Through a multi‐sited linguistic ethnographic study, this article examines how 46 returning Swedish expatriate women talk about race and whiteness in race‐related experiences and interactions, using colorblind language. By analyzing the implicit contextual associations and dissociations made between race, language, subjectivity, and nation, a system of ideas and cognitive structures mapping perceptions and constructions of the world is exposed; of national belonging, racialized bodies, racial hierarchies, and perceptions of the West itself. In their migrant narratives, however, the categories used could be ascribed opposite meanings, depending on subjectivity and context. In this logic, language and nationality becomes “visible” or “hidden” depending on time and place, while “visible whiteness” can be associated with either an undesirable sense of difference or a set of unspoken privileges.
Journal Article
White migrations : gender, whiteness and privilege in transnational migration
From a multi-sited ethnography with Swedish migrant women in the United States, Singapore and Spain, the book explores gender vulnerabilities and racial and class privilege in contemporary feminized migration, filling a gap in literature on race and migration.
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