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الدفاع الوطني للصين
ظل موضوع الدفاع الوطني الصيني واحدا من الموضوعات التي حظيت باهتمام القارئ الأجنبي. وباعتبار الصين واحدة من البلدان الكبرى التي تتمتع بتنمية اقتصادية سريعة، فما هو الوضع الحالي لعملية تحديث الدفاع الوطني الصيني ؟ وما هي السياسات التي تعتمدها الصين تجاه قضايا الدفاع الوطني ؟ وما هي طرق تطوير الدفاع الوطني ؟ وما مدى مساهمته في السلام والاستقرار العالمي ؟ ويسعى كتاب (الدفاع الوطني الصيني) إلى البحث عن إجابات من خلال الواقع والوصول بالقارئ لمعرفة كل ما يتعلق بالدفاع الوطني الصيني.
Book
Advancements in cathode catalyst and cathode layer design for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have been recently developed at an increasing pace as clean energy conversion devices for stationary and transport sector applications. High platinum cathode loadings contribute significantly to costs. This is why improved catalyst and support materials as well as catalyst layer design are critically needed. Recent advances in nanotechnologies and material sciences have led to the discoveries of several highly promising families of materials. These include platinum-based alloys with shape-selected nanostructures, platinum-group-metal-free catalysts such as metal-nitrogen-doped carbon materials and modification of the carbon support to control surface properties and ionomer/catalyst interactions. Furthermore, the development of advanced characterization techniques allows a deeper understanding of the catalyst evolution under different conditions. This review focuses on all these recent developments and it closes with a discussion of future research directions in the field.
The high platinum loadings at the cathodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells significantly contribute to the cost of these clean energy conversion devices. Here, the authors critically review and discuss recent developments on low- and non-platinum-based cathode catalysts and catalyst layers.
Journal Article
The Associations Among Individual Factors, eHealth Literacy, and Health-Promoting Lifestyles Among College Students
eHealth literacy is gaining importance for maintaining and promoting health. Studies have found that individuals with high eHealth literacy are more likely to adopt healthy eating, exercise, and sleep behaviors. In addition, previous studies have shown that various individual factors (eg, frequency of seeking information on health issues, degree of health concern, frequency of eating organic food, and students' college major) are associated with eHealth literacy and health-promoting lifestyles. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the associations among individual factors, eHealth literacy, and health-promoting lifestyles among college students. Moreover, there is a lack of studies that focus on eHealth literacy as a predictor of psychological health behaviors.
To examine the associations among various individual factors, eHealth literacy, and health-promoting lifestyles.
The eHealth Literacy Scale is a 12-item instrument designed to measure college students' functional, interactive, and critical eHealth literacy. The Health-promoting Lifestyle Scale is a 23-item instrument developed to measure college students' self-actualization, health responsibility, interpersonal support, exercise, nutrition, and stress management. A nationally representative sample of 556 valid college students in Taiwan was surveyed. A questionnaire was administered to gather the respondents' background information, including the frequency of seeking information on health issues, the frequency of eating organic food, the degree of health concern, and the students' major. We then conducted a multiple regression analysis to examine the associations among individual factors, eHealth literacy, and health-promoting lifestyles.
The study found that factors such as medical majors (t
=2.47-7.55, P<.05) and greater concern with health (t
=2.15-9.01, P<.05) predicted college students' 4-6 health-promoting lifestyle dimensions and the 3 dimensions of eHealth literacy. Moreover, critical eHealth literacy positively predicted all 6 health-promoting lifestyle dimensions (t
=2.66-7.28, P<.01), functional literacy positively predicted 2 dimensions (t
=2.32-2.98, P<.05), and interactive literacy predicted only the self-actualization dimension (t
=2.81, P<.01).
This study found that participants who majored in medical fields had greater concern with their health and frequently sought health information, exhibited better eHealth literacy, and had a positive health-promoting lifestyle. Moreover, this study showed that college students with a higher critical eHealth literacy engaged better in health-promoting activities than those with functional and interactive literacy.
Journal Article
Akebia Saponin D Inhibits the Inflammatory Reaction by Inhibiting the IL-6-STAT3-DNMT3b Axis and Activating the Nrf2 Pathway
Akebia saponin D (ASD) is derived from the Dipsacus asper Wall. ex Henry, which is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used to treat rheumatic arthritis (RA). However, the in-depth mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of ASD is still unclear. This study aimed to preliminarily explore the anti-inflammatory effect of ASD and the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of DNA methylation and inflammation-related pathways. We found that ASD significantly reduced the production of multiple inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3b and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also obviously inhibited by the ASD treatment. The protein and mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also significantly inhibited by ASD. ASD inhibited the macrophage M1 phenotype, inhibited the high level of DNMT3b, and downregulated the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway to exert its anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, DNMT3b siRNA and Nrf2 siRNA significantly promoted the anti-inflammatory effect of ASD. Our study demonstrates for the first time that ASD inhibits the IL-6-STAT3-DNMT3b axis and activates the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway to achieve its inhibitory effect on inflammatory reactions.
Journal Article
Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by Nardochinoid C Inhibits Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages
The roots and rhizomes of
have neuroprotection and cardiovascular protection effects. However, the specific mechanism of
is not yet clear. Nardochinoid C (DC) is a new compound with new skeleton isolated from
and this study for the first time explored the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of DC. The results showed that DC significantly reduced the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E
(PGE
) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were also obviously inhibited by DC in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Besides, the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also remarkably inhibited by DC in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. DC also suppressed inflammation indicators including COX-2, PGE
, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, DC inhibited the macrophage M1 phenotype and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Mechanism studies showed that DC mainly activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, increased the level of anti-oxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thus produced the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, which were abolished by Nrf2 siRNA and HO-1 inhibitor. These findings suggested that DC could be a new Nrf2 activator for the treatment and prevention of diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress.
Journal Article
Amphipathic fluoroamine-functionalized hydrogels for enhanced selective removal of anionic pfas from water
Effective treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in an affordable manner is highly demanded to meet stringent water protection standards. Herein, we introduce a fluoroamine dual-site hydrogel (QFgel) designed to structurally match amphipathic PFAS molecules, facilitating selective interactions for the effective PFAS removal from water. Specifically, the synergistic effects of quaternized and fluorinated functional groups in QFgel can promote electrostatic-fluorophilic dual-site interactions with both the perfluoroalkyl and anionic headgroups at the ends of PFAS. As a result, these dual-site interactions achieve high selectivity (sorption coefficients ranging from 1.75 to 4.0) and ultrahigh sorption capacity (up to 2,835 mg g
-1
), resulting in over 95.6% removal of 17 PFAS types at environmentally relevant concentrations in real water matrices. Notably, pilot-scale applications with a kilogram-scale QFgel-adsorber effectively treats up to 12,400 and 9,215 bed volumes of PFAS-contaminated drinking water (i.e., tap water) before the breakthrough point of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ([PFAS]
0
= ~ 0.35 µg L
-1
, 2 m
3
per day). After 46 days of continuous operation, the adsorber is regenerated using a saline-methanol mixed eluent, achieving 96.5% desorption and up to 1,633-fold PFAS enrichment, while reducing eluent use by 70% compared to commercial sorbents. This work advances PFAS remediation by offering a scalable, cost-effective solution, and contributes to sustainable water resource protection.
PFAS poses significant threats to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Here, a fluoroamine-functionalized QFgel is proposed and exhibits high selectivity and removal efficiency for 17 PFAS in water at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Journal Article
Harnessing plant–microbe interactions: strategies for enhancing resilience and nutrient acquisition for sustainable agriculture
The rhizosphere, a biologically active zone where plant roots interface with soil, plays a crucial role in enhancing plant health, resilience, and stress tolerance. As a key component in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2, the rhizosphere is increasingly recognized for its potential to promote sustainable agricultural productivity. Engineering the rhizosphere microbiome is emerging as an innovative strategy to foster plant growth, improve stress adaptation, and restore soil health while mitigating the detrimental effects of conventional farming practices. This review synthesizes recent advancements in omics technologies, sequencing tools, and synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), which have provided insights into the complex interactions between plants and microbes. We examine the role of root exudates, composed of organic acids, amino acids, sugars, and secondary metabolites, as biochemical cues that shape beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere. The review further explores how advanced omics techniques like metagenomics and metabolomics are employed to elucidate the mechanisms by which root exudates influence microbial communities and plant health. Tailored SynComs have shown promising potential in enhancing plant resilience against both abiotic stresses (e.g., drought and salinity) and biotic challenges (e.g., pathogens and pests). Integration of these microbiomes with optimized root exudate profiles has been shown to improve nutrient cycling, suppress diseases, and alleviate environmental stresses, thus contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices. By leveraging multi-disciplinary approaches and optimizing root exudate profiles, ecological engineering of plant-microbiome interactions presents a sustainable pathway for boosting crop productivity. This approach also aids in managing soil-borne diseases, reducing chemical input dependency, and aligning with Sustainable Development Goals aimed at global food security and ecological sustainability. The ongoing research into rhizosphere microbiome engineering offers significant promise for ensuring long-term agricultural productivity while preserving soil and plant health for future generations.
Journal Article
Identification and experimental validation of mitochondria-related genes biomarkers associated with immune infiltration for sepsis
Sepsis remains a complex condition with incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Further research is needed to identify prognostic factors, risk stratification tools, and effective diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Three GEO datasets (GSE54514, GSE65682, and GSE95233) were used to explore the potential role of mitochondria-related genes (MiRGs) in sepsis. WGCNA and two machine learning algorithms (RF and LASSO) were used to identify the feature of MiRGs. Consensus clustering was subsequently carried out to determine the molecular subtypes for sepsis. CIBERSORT algorithm was conducted to assess the immune cell infiltration of samples. A nomogram was also established to evaluate the diagnostic ability of feature biomarkers via \"rms\" package.
Three different expressed MiRGs (DE-MiRGs) were identified as sepsis biomarkers. A significant difference in the immune microenvironment landscape was observed between healthy controls and sepsis patients. Among the DE-MiRGs,
was selected to be a potential therapeutic target and its significant elevated expression level was confirmed in sepsis using
experiments and confocal microscopy, indicating its significant contribution to the mitochondrial quality imbalance in the LPS-simulated sepsis model.
By digging the role of these pivotal genes in immune cell infiltration, we gained a better understanding of the molecular immune mechanism in sepsis and identified potential intervention and treatment strategies.
Journal Article
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses metastasis of breast cancer cells by inactivating FGFR1 via MD2
Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death for breast cancer patients. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has strong anti-tumor effects with very low toxicity and may be a potential candidate drug. However, the anti-metastatic effect and molecular mechanism of CAPE on breast cancer need more research.
MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were used here. Wound healing and Transwell assay were used for migration and invasion detection. Western blot and RT-qPCR were carried out for the epithelial-to-myofibroblast transformation (EMT) process investigation. Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed for fibroblast growth factor receptor1 (FGFR1) phosphorylation and nuclear transfer detection. Co-immunoprecipitation was used for the FGFR1/myeloid differentiation protein2 (MD2) complex investigation.
Our results suggested that CAPE blocks the migration, invasion, and EMT process of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, CAPE inhibits FGFR1 phosphorylation and nuclear transfer while overexpression of FGFR1 reduces the anti-metastasis effect of CAPE. Further, we found that FGFR1 is bound to MD2, and silencing MD2 inhibits FGFR1 phosphorylation and nuclear transfer as well as cell migration and invasion.
This study illustrated that CAPE restrained FGFR1 activation and nuclear transfer through MD2/FGFR1 complex inhibition and showed good inhibitory effects on the metastasis of breast cancer cells.
Journal Article