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The controllable anchoring of multiple isolated metal atoms into a single support exhibits scientific and technological opportunities, while the synthesis of catalysts with multiple single metal atoms remains a challenge and has been rarely reported. Herein, we present a general route for anchoring up to eleven metals as highly dispersed single-atom centers on porous nitride-doped carbon supports with the developed movable type printing method, and label them as high-entropy single-atom catalysts. Various high-entropy single-atom catalysts with tunable multicomponent are successfully synthesized with the same method by adjusting only the printing templates and carbonization parameters. To prove utility, quinary high-entropy single-atom catalysts (FeCoNiCuMn) is investigated as oxygen reduction reaction catalyst with much more positive activity and durability than commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work broadens the family of single-atom catalysts and opens a way to investigate highly efficient single-atom catalysts with multiple compositions. It is challenging to integrate multi-single metal atoms into one support. In this work, the authors demonstrate the production of high-entropy single-atom catalysts via a movable typing method, which enables the anchor up to eleven metals as highly dispersed single-atom active centers on the carbon support for the oxygen reduction reaction.

With characteristics and advantages of functional composite materials, they are commendably adopted in numerous fields especially in oxygen electrocatalysis, which is due to the significant synergies between various components. Herein, a novel bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst (Co-CNT@COF-Pyr) has been synthesized through in-situ growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) layers on the outer surface of highly conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) followed by coordination with Co(Ⅱ). For electrocatalytic OER, Co-CNT@COF-Pyr reveals a low overpotential (438 ​mV) in alkaline electrolyte (1.0 ​M aqueous solution of KOH) with a current density of 10 ​mA ​cm−2, which is comparable to most discovered COF-based catalysts. For electrocatalytic ORR, Co-CNT@COF-Pyr exhibits a low H2O2 yield range (9.0 ​%–10.1 ​%) and a reaction pathway close to 4e− (n ​= ​3.82–3.80) in alkaline electrolyte (0.1 ​M aqueous solution of KOH) within the test potential range of 0.1–0.6 ​V vs. RHE, which is superior to most reported COF-based catalysts. Hence, this research could not only offer an innovative insight into the construction of composites, but also facilitate the practical application of renewable fuel cells, closed water cycle, and rechargeable metal-air batteries. [Display omitted]

Integration of electronic and strain effects with tailored structures is significant to tuning the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, one‐dimensional PtFe hollow nanochains are synthesized by a facile and effective method, which exhibit a highly open and porous structure. The modulated electronic and strain effects of Pt atoms are verified by extensive structural characterizations, and the mass and specific activities of the prepared catalyst are roughly 7.45 and 12.44 times higher than those of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. Remarkably, the catalyst demonstrates robust performance with negligible activity decay after an accelerated durability test for 30,000 cycles. The high activity of the catalyst is probably due to the optimized absorption affinity of Pt‐O accelerating the reaction kinetics induced by the cooperation of Fe atoms as well as the unique hollow and curved structures. This study provides new insights into the rational design of high‐performance ORR catalysts with considerable durability. One‐dimensional (1D) PtFe hollow nanochains (HNC) with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are synthesized by a facile reduction method with the assistance of NaBH4. The remarkable ORR performance of PtFe‐HNC can be ascribed to the integration of the unique 1D HNC structure, strain effect, as well as ligand effect of the PtFe alloy.

As a carbon‐free energy carrier, hydrogen has become the pivot for future clean energy, while efficient hydrogen production and combustion still require precious metal‐based catalysts. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with high atomic utilization open up a desirable perspective for the scale applications of precious metals, but the general and facile preparation of various precious metal‐based SACs remains challenging. Herein, a general movable printing method has been developed to synthesize various precious metal‐based SACs, such as Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru, and the features of highly dispersed single atoms with nitrogen coordination have been identified by comprehensive characterizations. More importantly, the synthesized Pt‐ and Ru‐based SACs exhibit much higher activities than their corresponding nanoparticle counterparts for hydrogen oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In addition, the Pd‐based SAC delivers an excellent activity for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Especially for the superior mass activity of Ru‐based SACs toward HER, density functional theory calculations confirmed that the adsorption of the hydrogen atom has a significant effect on the spin state and electronic structure of the catalysts. A facile movable type printing method is developed to synthesize precious metal‐based single‐atom catalysts, where C3N4 and nitrogen‐doping carbon derived from melamine and polydopamine are used as template and support, respectively. These precious metal‐based single‐atom catalysts can present efficient catalytic activity toward various hydrogen reactions containing hydrogen evolution reaction, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and hydrogen oxidation reaction.

Objectives Liver echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus (tapeworm) infection, which is epidemic in the Qinghai region of China. Here, we aimed to explore biomarkers and establish a predictive model for the diagnosis of liver echinococcosis. Methods Microarray profiling followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was performed in liver tissue from patients with liver hydatid disease and from healthy controls from the Qinghai region of China. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and random forest model were established to identify potential biomarkers and predict the occurrence of liver echinococcosis, respectively. Results Microarray profiling identified 1152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 936 upregulated genes and 216 downregulated genes. Several previously unreported biological processes and signaling pathways were identified. The FCGR2B and CTLA4 proteins were identified by the PPI networks and random forest model. The random forest model based on FCGR2B and CTLA4 reliably predicted the occurrence of liver hydatid disease, with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.921. Conclusion Our findings give new insight into gene expression in patients with liver echinococcosis from the Qinghai region of China, improving our understanding of hepatic hydatid disease.

GPRC6A is a widely expressed orphan G-protein coupled receptor that senses extracellular amino acids, osteocalcin and divalent cations in vitro. The physiological functions of GPRC6A are unknown. In this study, we created and characterized the phenotype of GPRC6A(-/-) mice. We observed complex metabolic abnormalities in GPRC6A(-/-) mice involving multiple organ systems that express GPRC6A, including bone, kidney, testes, and liver. GPRC6A(-/-) mice exhibited hepatic steatosis, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. In addition, we observed high expression of GPRC6A in Leydig cells in the testis. Ablation of GPRC6A resulted in feminization of male GPRC6A(-/-) mice in association with decreased lean body mass, increased fat mass, increased circulating levels of estradiol, and reduced levels of testosterone. GPRC6A was also highly expressed in kidney proximal and distal tubules, and GPRC6A(-/-) mice exhibited increments in urine Ca/Cr and PO(4)/Cr ratios as well as low molecular weight proteinuria. Finally, GPRC6A(-/-) mice exhibited a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) in association with impaired mineralization of bone. GPRC6A(-/-) mice have a metabolic syndrome characterized by defective osteoblast-mediated bone mineralization, abnormal renal handling of calcium and phosphorus, fatty liver, glucose intolerance and disordered steroidogenesis. These findings suggest the overall function of GPRC6A may be to coordinate the anabolic responses of multiple tissues through the sensing of extracellular amino acids, osteocalcin and divalent cations.

Targeted expression of gene technique is an important therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. MicroRNA-7 has been well documented as a promising tumor suppressor but never been test in specific gene-promoter-targeted expression in cancer gene therapy. Here, we first evaluated the efficacy of miR-7 expression operated by the promoter of TTF-1, a lineage-specific oncogene in lung cancer, in vitro using an eukaryotic vector of TTF-1-promoter-operated expression of miR-7 (termed as p-T-miR-7). Interestingly, using a nude mice model, the growth and metastasis of human lung cancer cells in vivo were significantly reduced in remote hypodermic injection of the p-T-miR-7 group, accompanied by increased expression of miR-7 and reduced transduction of the Akt and Erk pathway in situ. Mechanism aspect, global gene expression analysis showed that downregulation of NDUFA4, a novel target of miR-7, contributed to the effects of miR-7 expression operated by TTF-1 promoter on the growth and metastasis of human lung cancer cells, as well as altered transduction of the Akt and Erk pathway. Finally, there was no significant difference in weight or histopathology of other organs. These data provided a basis for development of novel modality of miRNA-based targeted expression therapy against clinical lung cancer.

The rational design of Pt-based alloy catalysts with dual resistance to CO poisoning and metal leaching, enabled by interfacial electronic modulation, remains a critical challenge for practical direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Here, we report a highly stable catalyst comprising electron-enriched TiN-meditated PtNiCo (denoted as e-PtNiCo) for DMFCs, demonstrating stabilization mechanisms rooted in enhanced Pt-CO antibonding interactions and strengthened Pt–Co/Ni chemical bonds. The e-PtNiCo catalyst exhibits a voltage decay of 9.6% at 100 mA cm–2 over 50 h under practical DMFC operating conditionsa 4-fold improvement compared with the benchmarked PtNiCo (37.7%). Density functional theory calculations and post-mortem elemental analysis reveal that the developed catalysts possess tailored *CO adsorption energetics (−1.62 eV vs −1.27 eV for carbon-supported counterparts) and a 2-fold reduction in Ni/Co dissolution, governed by robust metal–support electronic coupling. This work establishes a mechanistic framework linking support-induced electronic effects to the stability of Pt-based alloys, offering a generalizable strategy for designing structurally durable, high-performance electrocatalysts in energy conversion technologies.

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is thought to be the most prevalent chronic joint disease, especially in Tibet of China. Here, we aimed to explore the integrative lncRNA and mRNA landscape between the OA patients of Tibet and Han. Methods The lncRNA and mRNA expression microarray profiling was performed by SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression 8x60K v2 Microarray in articular cartilage samples from OA patients of Han nationality and Tibetans, followed by GO, KEGG, and trans-regulation and cis-regulation analysis of lncRNA and mRNA. Results We found a total of 117 lncRNAs and 297 mRNAs differently expressed in the cartilage tissues of Tibetans ( n = 5) comparing with those of Chinese Han ( n = 3), in which 49 lncRNAs and 158 mRNAs were upregulated, and 68 lncRNAs and 139 mRNAs were downregulated. GO and KEGG analysis showed that several unreported biological processes and signaling pathways were particularly identified. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression analysis revealed a remarkable lncRNA-mRNA relationship, in which OTOA may play a critical role in the different mechanisms of the OA progression between Tibetans and Chinese Han. Conclusion This study identified different lncRNA/mRNA expression profiling between OA patients of Tibetans and Han, which were involved in many characteristic biological processes and signaling pathways.

Matrilin-2 is a widely distributed, oligomeric extracellular matrix protein that forms a filamentous network by binding to a variety of different extracellular matrix proteins. We found matrilin-2 proteolytic products in transfected cell lines in vitro and in mouse tissues in vivo. Two putative cleavage sites were identified in the unique domain of matrilin-2; the first site was located between D851 and L852 in the middle of the domain and the second, at the boundary with the coiled-coil domain at the C-terminus. Deletion of the entire unique domain eliminated the proteolysis of matrilin-2. While the first cleavage site was present in all matrilin-2 oligomers, the second cleavage site became apparent only in the matrilin-2 hetero-oligomers with matrilin-1 or matrilin-3. Analysis using a variety of extracellular protease inhibitors suggested that this proteolytic activity was derived from a member or several members of the ADAMTS family. Recombinant human ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase-1) and ADAMTS-5 (aggrecanase-2), but not ADAMTS-1, cleaved recombinant matrilin-2, thereby yielding matrilin-2 proteolytic peptides at the predicted sizes. These results suggest that ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 may destabilize the filamentous network in the extracellular matrix by cleaving matrilin-2 in both homo-oligomers and hetero-oligomers.