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We conducted this cross-sectional study to investigate the independent associations between lipid metabolites and osteoporotic fractures among participants aged 40–69 years from the UK Biobank. Serum lipid, lipoprotein levels and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolic biomarkers were measured at the baseline. We conducted multivariable logistic analyses to investigate potential independent associations between concentrations of lipid metabolites and osteoporotic fractures in both men and women. The odds ratios (ORs) for lipid metabolites were calculated based on their lowest tertile. Over a median follow-up period of 15 years, a total of 978 men and 4515 women were diagnosed with osteoporosis, whereas 138 men and 327 women encountered incident fractures. Statistically significant disparities were identified in NMR-based metabolic biomarkers among men and women with incident fractures compared to those without. Out of the 144 distinct lipid metabolites known, 35 exhibited significant associations with incident fractures in patients diagnosed with osteoporosis. Following the adjustment for confounding factors, degree of unsaturation ( p  = 0.0066) and docosahexaenoic acids ( p  = 0.0011) in male patients increased the risk of incident fractures. And high level of different metabolites of HDL ( p  = 0.0153), 3-Hydroxybutyrate ( p  = 0.0012) and Sphingomyelins ( p  = 0.0036) decreased the risk of incident fractures in female patients. This outcome indicates that these identified lipid metabolites may potentially have unique roles in independently contributing to the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures.

Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers that occur in men worldwide. Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) may play an essential role in multiple biological processes of prostate cancer. However, ARGs expression signature has rarely been used to investigate the association between autophagy and prognosis in PCa. This study aimed to identify and assess prognostic ARGs signature to predict overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in PCa patients. Methods First, a total of 234 autophagy-related genes were obtained from The Human Autophagy Database. Then, differentially expressed ARGs were identified in prostate cancer patients based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to screen hub prognostic ARGs for overall survival and disease-free survival, and the prognostic model was constructed. Finally, the correlation between the prognostic model and clinicopathological parameters was further analyzed, including age, T status, N status, and Gleason score. Results The OS-related prognostic model was constructed based on the five ARGs (FAM215A, FDD, MYC, RHEB, and ATG16L1) and significantly stratified prostate cancer patients into high- and low-risk groups in terms of OS (HR = 6.391, 95% CI = 1.581– 25.840, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.84. The OS-related prediction model values were higher in T3-4 than in T1-2 (P = 0.008), and higher in Gleason score  > 7 than  ≤ 7 (P = 0.015). In addition, the DFS-related prognostic model was constructed based on the 22 ARGs (ULK2, NLRC4, MAPK1, ATG4D, MAPK3, ATG2A, ATG9B, FOXO1, PTEN, HDAC6, PRKN, HSPB8, P4HB, MAP2K7, MTOR, RHEB, TSC1, BIRC5, RGS19, RAB24, PTK6, and NRG2), with AUC of 0.85 (HR = 7.407, 95% CI = 4.850–11.320, P < 0.001), which were firmly related to T status (P < 0.001), N status (P = 0.001), and Gleason score (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our ARGs based prediction models are a reliable prognostic and predictive tool for overall survival and disease-free survival in prostate cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of retroperitoneal adrenalectomy via extra and intra perinephric fat approaches to provide experience and basis for resection of adrenal tumors through the retroperitoneal cavity. Methods The clinical data of 284 patients undergoing retroperitoneal adrenalectomy in our hospital from December 2017 to March 2023 were collected. The basic characteristics of the two groups of patients and the changes in perioperative indicators were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 117 patients with intra perinephric fat approach (IPFA) were included,and 167 patients with extra perinephric fat approach (EPFA) were included. The estimated blood loss in the IPFA group (123.59 ± 50.76 ml) was higher than that in the EPFA group (99.10 ± 99.51 ml) ( p = 0.015),and the operative time in the IPFA group(105.25 ± 42.25 min) was longer than that in the EPFA group(81.75 ± 30.45 min) ( p < 0.001).The hospitalization expenses of IPFA patients (36,306.39 ± 7544.25RMB) were higher compared with patients receiving EPFA (32,122.77 ± 7284.00RMB) ( p < 0.001).There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of tumor size,blood transfusion times and postoperative hospitalization time. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and effective procedure that can be performed via extra and intra perinephric fat approaches.IPFA is associated with higher estimated blood loss, and the operation time of EPFA is shorter than IPFA. The choice of surgical approach may depend primarily on the experience of the surgeon, the characteristics of adrenal tumor, and the nature of perirenal adipose tissue.

Over the past few decades, battery industry and electronic equipment have undergone explosive growth, but the heavy metal waste generated has led to significant global ecological and public health challenges. Currently, increasing evidences have confirmed the detrimental effects of heavy metal exposure on animal reproduction, immunity, and metabolism. However, research focused on the impacts of battery leakage on the gut microbiota remain scarce. Thus, this study aims to investigate the detrimental effects of battery on gut microbiota in chickens. Results revealed that battery exposure can lead to a significant increase in spleen index and a significant decrease in thymus index in chickens. Furthermore, battery exposure can significantly increase serum ALT, AST and MDA levels, and while concurrently reducing levels of GSH-Px and SOD. Battery exposure also cause a significant reduction in the gut microbial alpha diversity, accompanied by significant alterations in taxonomic composition. Bacterial taxonomic analysis indicated that the relative abundances of 1 phyla and 4 genera increased dramatically, while the relative abundance of 3 phylum and 115 genera decreased significantly during battery exposure. In conclusion, this study suggests that battery exposure leads to gut microbial dysbiosis and affect antioxidant ability in chickens. The significant alterations of gut microbiota may represent one of the mechanisms through which battery exerts its intestinal and renal toxicity. Given the context of battery pollutant leakage and inadequate recycling supervision, this study contributes to providing impetus for environmental protection agencies and organizations worldwide to enhance the recycling of battery waste.

This project attempts to clarify the expression of MUS81 in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the effect on drug sensitivity to Olaparib. We collected clinical surgical samples of patients who were suffering from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), common prostate cancer (PCa), and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and detected the expression of MUS81 in healthy prostate epithelial cells, PCa cells, and androgen-independent PCa cells. We subsequently performed CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, and Transwell invasion and migration assay to determine the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis abilities of transfected CRPC cells as well as drug toxicity of Olaparib to CRPC cells. The expression of MUS81 indicated marked upregulation in PCa and CRPC tissues, compared with the level of MUS81 in BPH tissues. MUS81 silencing inhibited the proliferation of CRPC cells and promoted their sensitivity to Olaparib. MUS81 silencing in CRPC cells remarkably accelerated cell apoptosis and greatly inhibited cell invasion and metastasis after Olaparib administration. MUS81 silencing in CRPC cells has significantly enhanced the sensitivity of cells to Olaparib, which provides evidence for the prediction of Olaparib resistance in CRPC cells by the MUS81 gene and is expected to become a promising gene target in CRPC therapy.

Background Coccidiosis, a prominent intestinal protozoan disease, carries significant economic implications for the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Fengqiang Shengtai (BLES), a probiotics product, and coccidiosis vaccine in modulating the intestinal microbiome and providing insight into mitigating the occurrence and management of avian coccidiosis. Methods Broilers included in the study were divided into four pre-treatment groups: the Pre-Con group (commercial diet), Pre-BLES group (BLES supplement), Pre-Vac group (coccidiosis vaccination) and Pre-Vac-BLES group (combined vaccination and BLES). Body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were monitored from age 25 to 55 days. Cecum contents were collected at 8 and 15 days of age for comparative analysis of intestinal microbiomes. In the Pre-BLES and Pre-Vac-BLES groups, probiotics were administered at a dose of 0.01 g per chicken between ages 3 to 6 days and 10–13 days. At 3 days of age, chickens in the Pre-Vac and Pre-Vac-BLES groups were vaccinated with 1700 sporulated oocysts of the live coccidiosis vaccine per chicken. At the age of 25 days, Eimeria spp. challenge experiments were performed based on the aforementioned immunization strategy, and the oocysts per gram (OPG) in the feces, intestinal lesion score and intestinal pathological characteristics were evaluated. Specifically, 30 chickens were randomly selected from each group and orally administered 34,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria spp. per chicken, re-defined as Eimeria group, BLES-Eimeria group, Vac-Eimeria group and Vac-BLES-Eimeria group, respectively. Additionally, 30 chickens were randomly selected from the Pre-Con group and included as negative control without Eimeria spp. challenge. Intestinal microbiota was sequenced and analyzed when the broilers were 32 days old. Results A significant improvement was observed in body weight gain of the broilers in the Pre-BLES and Pre-Vac-BLES group at 45 days of age. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed a positive correlation between the experimental groups receiving BLES and coccidiosis vaccines at 8 and 15 days of age with the Enterococcus genus and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, respectively. In addition to the reduced lesion score and OPG values, the combination of coccidiosis vaccine and BLES also reduced the intestinal epithelial abscission induced by coccidiosis vaccines. The results of intestinal microbial function prediction demonstrated that N-glycan biosynthesis and ferroptosis were the prominent signal pathways in the Vac-BLES-Eimeria group. Conclusions Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that supplementation of BLES with coccidiosis vaccine represents a promising strategy for improving growth performance, alleviating clinical manifestations and inducing favorable alterations to the intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens affected by coccidiosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the immunoprotective effect of a PRRSV N protein subunit vaccine on piglets using a live PRRSV vaccine as a control. Methods: The HEK-293T eukaryotic expression system was used to produce PRRSV N protein, and then PRRSV N protein was immunized with a commercial live PRRS vaccine. The immunoprotective effect of the PRRSV N protein subunit vaccine on piglets was evaluated by detecting the antibody level in the immunized piglets, and the clinical symptoms, pathological changes, and survival rate of the immunized piglets. Results: At 21 and 28 days after immunization, the serum N protein-specific antibody levels of piglets in the live PRRSV vaccine group were higher than those in the N protein group. After PRRSV infection, piglets in the N protein group and the DMEM group showed more severe clinical symptoms such as respiratory distress, loss of appetite, skin redness, and diarrhea than those in the live vaccine group. The rectal temperature of piglets in the live vaccine group remained below 40 °C, and only one piglet died on day 11 post-infection; in the PRRSV N protein group, the rectal temperature of some piglets exceeded 41 °C, and four piglets died on days 9, 11, 14, and 20 post-infection. In addition, pathologic damage to organs such as lungs, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and kidneys was more severe in the N protein group than in the live vaccine group. Furthermore, histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed more pronounced organ damage (lungs, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and kidneys) and higher viral loads in the N protein group compared to the live vaccine group. Conclusions: The PRRS subunit vaccine (N protein) expressed in the HEK-293T eukaryotic system did not protect piglets from heterologous PRRSV infection compared with the PRRS live vaccine.

Objective The original S.O.L.V.E. scoring system was modified using virtual reality technology, and a new H.L.P.E.S scoring system was constructed to improve the accuracy of predicting the stone-free rate after flexible ureteroscopy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical and virtual reality data of 150 patients with renal calculi who underwent flexible ureteroscopy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, from September 2019 to January 2022. Factors affecting the stone-free rate were evaluated in univariate and multiple logical regression analyses. Factors were divided by cut-off value under the receiver-operating characteristic curve and scored accordingly to a well-known international scoring system. Area under the curve predicted the stone-free rate. The accuracy and superiority of the stone-free rate after flexible ureterorenoscopy was compared between this scoring system and the S.O.L.V.E, R.I.R.S, T.O.HO, and RUSS scores. Results Multiple logistic regression showed that the stone surface area, renal pelvis volume, and length of the calyces funnel were correlated with stone-free rate ( P  < 0.01, P  = 0.021, P  = 0.019, respectively). The H.L.P.E.S. score included stone surface area (1–2 points), renal pelvis volume (1–2 points), length of calyces funnel (1–2 points), pelvic calyceal height (1–2 points), and essence of stone (1–2 points). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of H.L.P.E.S. score was 0.927, which was higher than the S.O.L.V.E., R.I.R.S., T.O.HO, and RUSS scores. Conclusion H.L.P.E.S. scoring can effectively predict the stone-free rate after flexible ureteroscopy for renal calculi and is superior to other scoring systems.

Parrot bornavirus (PaBV) is a neurotropic virus that causes chronic infection in parrots, affecting their nervous and gastrointestinal systems and often resulting in high mortality in captive populations. It is a major threat to the parrot breeding industry and the ornamental bird trade. We used Enzyme-Mediated Dual Exponential Amplification (EmDEA) rapid nucleic acid detection technology to create a novel, simple, and highly sensitive method for detecting parrot bornavirus type 4 (PaBV-4). Primers and probes specific to the M gene of PaBV-4 were designed. After two rounds of screening and optimization, the optimal primer pair was identified as F4R7RNA1. The assay was tested for specificity, sensitivity, and clinical usefulness. The test showed no cross-reactivity with H5N2, H7N9, H9N2, NDV, IBV, or IBDV. It had a detection limit of 5 copies/µL and a repeatability coefficient of variation of less than 5%. Among 270 clinical tissue samples from parrots, the assay achieved a 100% positive concordance rate and an overall agreement of 97.03% with conventional RT-PCR results. The entire detection process takes only 30 min and allows for direct RNA detection of PaBV-4. The method is simple to use, fast, sensitive, and accurate, making it an invaluable tool for on-site detection of PaBV-4.

Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, pharmaceutical companies and researchers worldwide have worked hard to develop vaccines and drugs to end the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The potential pathogen responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2, belongs to a novel lineage of beta coronaviruses in the subgenus arbovirus. Antiviral drugs, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are effective treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and are beneficial in preventing infection. Numerous studies have already been conducted using the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with that of other SARS-like viruses, and numerous treatments/prevention measures are currently undergoing or have already undergone clinical trials. We summarize these studies in depth in the hopes of highlighting some key details that will help us to better understand the viral origin, epidemiology, and treatments of the virus.