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The occurrence and spread of infectious diseases pose considerable challenges to public health. While the relationship between the built environment and the spread of infectious diseases is well-documented, there is a dearth of urban planning tools specifically designed for conducting Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) targeted at infectious diseases. To bridge this gap, this paper develops a comprehensive framework of an HIA for Urban Planning and Epidemic (HIA4UPE), formulated by considering the progression of public health incidents and the distinct transmission patterns of infectious diseases. This framework is designed to provide a comprehensive assessment by including a health risk-overlay assessment, health resource-quality assessment, health resource-equality assessment, and health outcome-impact prediction, enabling a multidimensional evaluation of the potential impacts of current environmental conditions or planning proposals on the incidence of infectious diseases. Furthermore, this paper advances the application of spatial analysis and computation, comprehensive assessment methodologies, and predictive analytics to conduct specific assessments. The theoretical framework and analytical tools presented in this paper contribute to the academic discourse and offer practical utility in urban planning and policymaking on epidemic prevention and control.

As the main structure of the all-electric aircraft, the drive motor is required to have the advantages of high power density and high reliability. Due to the low temperature and strong convection environment during the flight, the environmental temperature of the motor is low, but the temperature rise of the motor is high, and the temperature variation range of the stator material is large. Especially, the segmented stator is close to the winding coil of the motor, and the influence of thermal stress on the material cannot be ignored. In this paper, an axial flux motor is used as the design background, and the temperature and thermal stress of silicon steel with two orientations are simulated and calculated. The magnetic properties of the material were analyzed by a multi-physical field coupling test platform, and the external stress caused by a single variable temperature and different expansion coefficients of the potting material and the thermal stress in the silicon steel sheet caused by rapid temperature change were studied. The results show that the potting material with a low expansion coefficient, good thermal conductivity, and high hardness can effectively perfect the thermal stress of the iron core.

Previous studies show that actin-binding Rho activating protein （Abra） is expressed in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of Abra in the central nervous system of normal adult rats by confocal immunofluorescence. Results showed that Abra immunostaining was located in neuronal nuclei, cytoplasm and processes in the central nervous system, with the strongest staining in the nuclei; in the cerebral cortex, Abra positive neuronal bodies and processes were distributed in six cortical layers including molecular layer, external granular layer, external pyramidal layer, internal granular layer, internal pyramidal layer and polymorphic layer; in the hippocampus, the cell bodies of Abra positive neurons were distributed evenly in pyramidal layer and granular layer, with positive processes in molecular layer and orien layer; in the cerebellar cortex, Abra staining showed the positive neuronal cell bodies in Purkinje cell layer and granular layer and positive processes in molecular layer; in the spinal cord, Abra-immunopositive products covered the whole gray matter and white matter; co-localization studies showed that Abra was co-stained with F-actin in neuronal cytoplasm and processes, but weakly in the nuclei. In addition, in the hippocampus, Abra was co-stained with F-actin only in neuronal processes, but not in the cell body. This study for the first time presents a comprehensive overview of Abra expression in the central nervous system, providing insights for further investigating the role of Abra in the mature central nervous system.

The improvement of the simulation accuracy of crop models in different greenhouse environments would be better applied to the automation management of greenhouse cultivation. Tomatoes under drip irrigation in a greenhouse were taken as the research object, and the cumulative evaporation capacity (Ep) of the 20 cm standard evaporation dish was taken as the basis for irrigation. Three treatments were set up in the experiment: high water treatment without mulch (NM-0.9 Ep), high water treatment with mulch (M-0.9 Ep), and low water treatment with mulch (M-0.5 Ep). AquaCrop and DSSAT models were used to simulate the canopy coverage, soil water content, biomass, and yield of the tomatoes. Data from 2020 were used to correct the model, and simulation results from 2021 were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that: (1) Of the two crop models, the simulation accuracy of the greenhouse tomato canopy coverage kCC was higher, and the root mean square errors were less than 6.8% (AquaCrop model) and 8.5% (DSSAT model); (2) The AquaCrop model could accurately simulate soil water change under high water treatments, while the DSSAT model was more suitable for the conditions without mulch; (3) The relative error RE of simulated and observed values for biomass B, yield Y, and water use efficiency WUE in the AquaCrop model were less than 2.0%, 2.3%, and 9.0%, respectively, while those of the DSSAT model were less than 4.7%, 7.6%, and 10.4%, respectively; (4) Considering the simulation results of each index comprehensively, the AquaCrop model was superior to the DSSAT model; subsequently, the former was used to predict 16 different water and film coating treatments (S1–S16). It was found that the greenhouse tomato yield and WUE were the highest under S7 (0.8 Ep), at 8.201 t/ha and 2.79 kg/m3, respectively.

Nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors play key roles in the nuclear translocation of disease resistance proteins, but the associated mechanisms remain unclear. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene SAD2 encodes an importin β-like protein. A transgenic Arabidopsis line overexpressing SAD2 (OESAD2/Col-0) showed obvious resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) compared to the wild type (Col-0), but the knockout mutant sad2-5 was susceptible. Transcriptomic analysis was then performed on Col-0, OESAD2/Col-0, and sad2-5 leaves at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days post-inoculation with Pst DC3000. A total of 1825 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as putative biotic stress defense genes regulated by SAD2, 45 of which overlapped between the SAD2 knockout and overexpression datasets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were broadly involved in single-organism cellular metabolic processes and in response to stimulatory stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biochemical pathway analysis revealed that many of the DEGs were associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids and other specialized metabolites. Transcription factor analysis showed that a large number of ERF/AP2, MYB, and bHLH transcription factors were involved in SAD2-mediated plant disease resistance. These results provide a basis for future exploration of the molecular mechanisms associated with SAD2-mediated disease resistance and establish a set of key candidate disease resistance genes.

As rice is a staple food for nearly half of the world’s population, rice varieties with excellent agronomic traits as well as high flavor and nutritional quality such as fragrant rice and purple rice are naturally favored by the market. In the current study, we adopt a fast breeding strategy to improve the aroma and anthocyanin content in the excellent rice inbred line, F25. The strategy skillfully used the advantages of obtaining editing pure lines in T0 generation of CRISPR/Cas9 editing system and easy observation of purple character and grain shape, integrated the subsequent screening of non-transgenic lines, and the elimination of undesirable edited variants from gene-editing and cross-breeding at the same time as the separation of the progeny from the purple cross, thus expediting the breeding process. Compared with conventional breeding strategies, this strategy saves about 6–8 generations and reduces breeding costs. Firstly, we edited the OsBADH2 gene associated with rice flavor using an Agrobacterium -mediated CRISPR/Cas9 system to improve the aroma of F25. In the T0 generation, a homozygous OsBADH2 -edited F25 line (F25B) containing more of the scented substance 2-AP was obtained. Then, we crossed F25B (♀) with a purple rice inbred line, P351 (♂), with high anthocyanin enrichment to improve the anthocyanin content of F25. After nearly 2.5 years of screening and identification over five generations, the undesirable variation characteristics caused by gene-editing and hybridization and the transgenic components were screened out. Finally, the improved F25 line with highly stable aroma component, 2-AP, increased anthocyanin content and no exogenous transgenic components were obtained. This study not only provides high-quality aromatic anthocyanin rice lines that meet the market demand, but also offers a reference for the comprehensive use of CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology, hybridization, and marker-assisted selection to accelerate multi-trait improvement and breeding process.

Nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors play key roles in the nuclear translocation of disease resistance proteins, but the associated mechanisms remain unclear. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene SAD2 encodes an importin β-like protein. A transgenic Arabidopsis line overexpressing SAD2 (OESAD2/Col-0) showed obvious resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) compared to the wild type (Col-0), but the knockout mutant sad2-5 was susceptible. Transcriptomic analysis was then performed on Col-0, OESAD2/Col-0, and sad2-5 leaves at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days post-inoculation with Pst DC3000. A total of 1825 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as putative biotic stress defense genes regulated by SAD2, 45 of which overlapped between the SAD2 knockout and overexpression datasets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were broadly involved in single-organism cellular metabolic processes and in response to stimulatory stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biochemical pathway analysis revealed that many of the DEGs were associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoids and other specialized metabolites. Transcription factor analysis showed that a large number of ERF/AP2, MYB, and bHLH transcription factors were involved in SAD2-mediated plant disease resistance. These results provide a basis for future exploration of the molecular mechanisms associated with SAD2-mediated disease resistance and establish a set of key candidate disease resistance genes.

Background The association between P2Y12 receptor inhibitors reloading and in-hospital outcomes in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) patients who were on chronic P2Y12 receptor inhibitors therapy remained underdetermined. Methods The Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China–Acute Coronary Syndrome (CCC–ACS project) is a national registry active from November 2014 to December 2019. 4790 NSTEACS patients on chronic P2Y12 receptor inhibitors therapy were included. Cox proportional hazard models, Kaplan–Meier curves, and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results The NSTEACS patients who received reloading of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors were younger and had fewer comorbid conditions. The reloading group had a lower risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (0.51% vs. 1.43%, P  = 0.007), and all-cause death (0.36% vs. 0.99%, P  = 0.028), the risks of myocardial infarction and major bleeding were not significantly different between patients with and without reloading. In survival analysis, a lower cumulative risk of MACE could be identified (Log-rank test, P  = 0.007) in reloading group. In the unadjusted Cox model, reloading P2Y12 receptor inhibitors was associated with a decreased risk of MACE [HR, 0.35; 95% CI 0.16–0.78; ( P  = 0.010)] and all-cause death [HR, 0.37; 95% CI 0.14–0.94; ( P  = 0.036)]. Reloading of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors was associated with a decreased risk of MACE in most of the subgroups. Conclusions In NSTEACS patients already taking P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, we observed a decreased risk of in-hospital MACEs and all-cause mortality and did not observe an increased risk of major bleeding, with reloading. The differential profile in the two groups might influence this association and further studies are warranted. Clinical trial registration : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov (Unique identifier: NCT02306616, date of first registration: 03/12/2014)

The evolution of the compositions in two typical regions on U-0.79wt%Ti alloy surface exposed in a salt fog environment was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) during vacuum annealing. The results show that pitting corrosion tends to occur around titanium inclusions on the alloy surface in the environment containing chloride ions. The compositions in the two regions were transformed with experimental temperature increasing. The complex oxide compound, α-U3O8, was detected by both XPS and Raman spectrum in the blackened region, while UO2+x/UO2 were the main oxide compounds in the other region where pitting corrosion did not occur. The different compositions in the two typical regions were slightly changed as temperature ramps up from room condition to 200°C. The α-U3O8 in the blackened region started to be reduced to UO2 while UO2+x in the other region to be converted into UO2 at 300°C. An oxycarbide (UOxCy) compound was observed due to the reaction between UO2 and carbon at 400°C. Between 500°C and 700°C, the UOxCy formed in the blackened region was partly converted into UO2, while the UOxCy formed in the other region was almost completely converted into UO2, which was in turn reduced to metallic uranium.

ObjectiveTo examine recent patterns regarding oral anticoagulant (OAC) use among patients hospitalised with atrial fibrillation (AF) and quantify the impact of insurance coverage for non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) on quality of care and care inequality regarding OAC use among hospitalised patients with AF.DesignInterrupted time series analysis.SettingHospitals in China.ParticipantsA total of 36 393 patients hospitalised with non-valvular AF were involved between 2015 and 2019 across China.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcome was the impact of insurance coverage for NOACs on quality of care regarding OAC prescription using interrupted time series analysis with segmented regression models.ResultsOAC prescription rate during hospitalisation was 52.1% (31.3% for warfarin and 20.8% for NOACs) in patients with high-risk AF and 66.3% (29.8% for warfarin and 36.5% for NOACs) in low-risk patients. Insurance coverage for NOACs was associated with an immediate 10.9% (95% CI 7.6% to 14.3%) increase in NOAC prescription and a 0.33% (95% CI 0.08% to 0.58%) increase in the slope of the secular trend of NOAC prescription among all the patients. Disparities in NOAC prescription among hospitals decreased from 18.9 before the insurance coverage for NOACs to 3.4 after that. Similar results were found in patients with high risk of stroke.ConclusionA large gap exists between clinical practice and guideline recommendations regarding OAC prescription among patients hospitalised with AF in China. Insurance coverage may be an effective healthcare strategy to improve quality of care and reduce care disparities regarding OAC prescription among patients with AF.Trial registration number NCT02309398.