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Morphological, Physiochemical and Thermal Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) Extracted from Bamboo Fiber
Bamboo fibers are utilized for the production of various structures, building materials, etc. and is of great significance all over the world especially in southeast Asia. In this study, the extraction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was performed using bamboo fibers through acid hydrolysis and subsequently different characterizations were carried out using various advanced techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis has indicated the removal of lignin from MCC extracted from bamboo pulp. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed rough surface and minor agglomeration of the MCC. Pure MCC, albeit with small quantities of impurities and residues, was obtained, as revealed by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the increase in crystallinity from 62.5% to 82.6%. Furthermore, the isolated MCC has slightly higher crystallinity compared to commercial available MCC (74%). The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrate better thermal stability of isolated MCC compared to its starting material (Bamboo fibers). Thus, the isolated MCC might be used as a reinforcing element for the production of green composites and it can also be utilized as a starting material for the production of crystalline nanocellulose in future.
Journal Article
Freewater
After fleeing the plantation where they were enslaved, siblings Ada and Homer discover the secret community of Freewater, and work with freeborn Sanzi to protect their new home from the encroaching dangers of the outside world.
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DETERMINATION OF WEED DENSITY AND FREQUENCY AT DIFFERENT SITES OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH FORM, PESHAWAR
A survey was conducted in the month of January 2015, to record the weed density and frequency in different crops in Agriculture Research Farm. A total two farms randomly selected for the survey. The data were recorded on the density m-2and the frequency (%). Quadrate method was use for recording data. In the first field maximum value of density m-2 (93) were recorded for Cynodon dactylon while the minimum value of density m-2 (6) were recorded for the Convolvulus arvensis and Melilotus indica. Similarly the maximum value of frequency (80%) were recorded for the Cynodon dacrylon while the minimum value of frequency (20%) were recorded for the Convolvulus arvensis . In the second field the maximum value of density m-2(56) were recorded for the Euphorbia helioscopia while the minimum value of density m-2 (6) were recorded for the Silybum marianum. Similarly the maximum value of frequency (100%) were recorded for Euphorbia helioscopia while the minimum value of frequency (20%) were recorded for fumaria indica, Silybum marianum,Coronopus didymus and Sonchus olereaceus . It is concluded that the weed prevailing in an area should be identify and managed to harvest potential yields of various crops.
Journal Article
SignVLM: a pre-trained large video model for sign language recognition
Sign language recognition (SLR) plays a vital role in including people with hearing impairment in the community. It facilitates the recognition of sign gestures and converts them into spoken languages. One of the main challenges for developing SLR systems is the lack of annotated datasets. This issue is more noticeable with low–resourced sign languages. To address this issue, we propose a pretrained large vision model, SignVLM, for SLR. This work explores the capability of the contrastive language–image pre-training (CLIP) model for SLR. This model is used to extract spatial features from the sign video frames while a Transformer decoder is used for temporal learning. The proposed model has been evaluated on four different sign languages using the KArSL, WLASL, LSA64, and AUSTL datasets. Different evaluation settings have been followed in this work including zero-shot and few-shot learning. The proposed model outperformed other models on the KArSL, WLASL, and LSA64 datasets and achieved comparable performance on the AUTSL dataset. The obtained results demonstrate the generalization of the proposed model to new datasets with few samples. The code and data are available at https://github.com/Hamzah-Luqman/signVLM .
Journal Article
Impact of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Predominant Phenolic Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Dried Piper betle Extracts
The phenolic constituents in Piper betle are well known for their antioxidant potential; however, current literature has very little information on their stability under the influence of storage factors. Present study evaluated the stability of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity together with individual phenolic constituents (hydroxychavicol, eugenol, isoeugenol and allylpyrocatechol 3,4-diacetate) present in dried Piper betle’s extract under different storage temperature of 5 and 25 °C with and without light for a period of six months. Both light and temperature significantly influenced TPC and its corresponding antioxidant activity over time. More than 95% TPC and antioxidant activity was retained at 5 °C in dark condition after 180 days of storage. Hydroxychavicol demonstrated the best stability with no degradation while eugenol and isoeugenol displayed moderate stability in low temperature (5 °C) and dark conditions. 4-allyl-1,2-diacetoxybenzene was the only compound that underwent complete degradation. A new compound, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, was detected after five weeks of storage only in the extracts exposed to light. Both zero-order and first-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the degradation kinetics of the extract’s antioxidant activity. Zero-order displayed better fit with higher correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.9046) and the half-life was determined as 62 days for the optimised storage conditions (5 °C in dark conditions).
Journal Article
2143 A Unique Complication of Gastrostomy Tubes
INTRODUCTION:In 1979 the Gauderer-Ponsky technique was developed to allow endoscopic placement of gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes). The procedure allowed fistulation between the stomach and abdominal wall. G-tubes are often placed for enteral feeding in patients who have either an inability or insufficiency of intake by mouth. Complications of G-tubes are often seen but an overwhelmingly majority of them are minor. At times G-tubes lead to soft tissue & skin infections, colocutaneous fistulas, & visceral perforations. These more serious complications can occur up to 11-15%. Smaller complications such as dislodgement or G-tube dysfunction are far more common.CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS:A 49 year-old male with a past medical history of traumatic brain injury with placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (G-tube) who presented to the ED after pulling out his G-tube. Unable to place the G-tube back at bedside, interventional radiology reinserted under fluoroscopy. After discharge he presented back to the ED with coffee ground emesis & aspiration. He was noted to have klebsiella pneumonia. Despite being appropriately treated for his pneumonia he continued to have worsening septic shock abdominal distention. CT imaging was positive for large collection of fluid, gas, & contrast filling his peritoneum. Emergent exploratory laparotomy found 6L of peritoneal fluid & a perforated fistulous tract draining into his peritoneal cavity. Meanwhile his abdominal viscera was coated with a white film. Labs & cultures confirmed peritonitis caused by klebsiella, enterococcus, & candida. He received antibiotics and antifungal therapy, required multiple washouts, & surgical correction of the perforation with a wedge gastrectomy.DISCUSSION:This patient developed a rare & serious complication after G-tube placement. Dislodging the G-tube in a traumatic fashion caused drainage into his peritoneum. Even though the G-tube was replaced under radiographic guidance he developed a terrible case of peritonitis. The rates of complications are statistically the same in radiographically or endoscopically placed G-tubes. This patient required surgical placement of another G-tube along with and a wedge gastrectomy. This complication of fungal peritonitis & aspiration pneumonia show us that G-tubes are not always benign. Endoscopic, surgical, and radiographic techniques may all have a different approach to ensure good outcomes but a patient’s ability to receive good G-tube care is essential in preventing long term complications.
Journal Article
A brief review of socio-economic and environmental impact of Covid-19
In recent months, Covid-19 has caused significant global social and economic distress. Governments and health officials around the world have introduced mandatory preventive measures to combat Covid-19, i.e., hand sanitizers, gloves, and masks, which have contributed to large quantities of medical wastes. Social distancing and mandatory lockdown have also been put in place to protect people from Covid-19. This epidemic has caused severe demographic changes and unemployment, and economic activities have been shut down to save human lives. Transportation and travel industries are most severely hit as global tourism has fallen to almost zero in recent months; as a solution, economic institutes have introduced stimulus packages worth more than $6 trillion. However, restricted economic activities have also contributed towards a cleaner environment. However, environmental changes are not permanent, and the pollution level may rise again in the future. As a result, current research suggests that policymakers must introduce stringent environmental policies to promote clean energy.
Journal Article