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This study provides the first record of Lasioglossum subfasciatum (Imhoff, 1832) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) in the Sila National Park (Calabria, Italy), a Biosphere Reserve included in the UNESCO program. The species has been classified as endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List, throughout Europe. Three specimens were found during a monitoring activity, in May 2022. Here, we provide a description of the species, the environmental characteristics of the site where it was found and a chronological map of its European distribution.

Within-patient HIV evolution reflects the strong selection pressure driving viral escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) recognition. Whether this intrapatient accumulation of escape mutations translates into HIV evolution at the population level has not been evaluated. We studied over 300 patients drawn from the B- and C-clade epidemics, focusing on human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) alleles HLA-B57 and HLA-B5801 , which are associated with long-term HIV control and are therefore likely to exert strong selection pressure on the virus. The CTL response dominating acute infection in HLA-B57/5801 -positive subjects drove positive selection of an escape mutation that reverted to wild-type after transmission to HLA-B57/5801 -negative individuals. A second escape mutation within the epitope, by contrast, was maintained after transmission. These data show that the process of accumulation of escape mutations within HIV is not inevitable. Complex epitope- and residue-specific selection forces, including CTL-mediated positive selection pressure and virus-mediated purifying selection, operate in tandem to shape HIV evolution at the population level.

Mapping millimetre continuum emission has become a key issue in modern multi-wavelength astrophysics. In particular, spectrum imaging at low-frequency resolution is an asset for characterising the clusters of galaxies via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect. In this context, we have built a ground-based spectrum-imager named KIDs Interferometer Spectrum Survey (KISS). This instrument is based on two 316-pixel arrays of Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID) cooled to 150 mK by a custom dilution refrigerator-based cryostat. By using Ti–Al and Al absorbers, we can cover a wide frequency range between 80 and 300 GHz. In order to preserve a large instantaneous field of view ∼ 1 ∘ , the spectrometer is based on a Fourier transform interferometer. This represents a technological challenge due to the fast scanning speed that is needed to overcome the effects of background atmospheric fluctuations. KISS is installed at the QUIJOTE 2.25 m telescope in Tenerife since February 2019 and is currently in its commissioning phase. In this report, we present an overview of the instrument and the latest results.

We describe a patient who developed intractable chronic vulval ulceration that we believe was related to immune reconstitution following treatment of HIV infection with highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained vulval ulceration that arises after starting HAART.

Urodynamic studies suggested a neuromuscular basis for CPPS (pelvic floor or bladder neck dysfunction) that provided the rationale for treatment with [alpha] blockers. 7 Current interest is focused on explaining observed elevations in proinflammatory cytokines in the genital tract in men with CPPS, 8 especially infective triggers, autoimmunity, or neurogenic inflammation. 9- 11 Recently, increased perineal pain sensitisation was reported in men with CPPS. 12 CPPS also has the features of a somatoform disorder. 13 Despite the high prevalence of this condition, which is regularly seen by GPs, urologists, and genitourinary physicians, a recent review did not include CPPS in a long list of functional somatic syndromes by specialty (although chronic pelvic pain in women was included).

Unfortunately, additional funding for new F2 posts is generally unavailable, except to match expansion in numbers of medical trainees in recent years. [...]F2 programmes are usually constructed by incorporating existing posts, mostly stand alone SHO posts, trust grade posts (thereby conferring educational recognition), or new GP placements. [...]exposure may help to develop GPs (and other doctors) with an interest in sexual health, in keeping with the national strategy. 5 Colleagues in the specialty who are interested in providing GUM placements in foundation training programmes can raise the issue with postgraduate deans, GP deans, associate deans with responsibility for MMC/foundation training, district clinical tutors, or trust MMC leads.

Doc number: O19

We sought to determine current practice in the diagnosis and management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) in genitourinary medicine departments in the UK, using a detailed questionnaire survey. Evaluable responses were received from 147 (69%) clinics. Seventy-nine (54%) clinics reported seeing >10 new CPPS patients per year. A broad range of investigations was reported to be used in the diagnosis of CPPS. Whilst 89 (61%) clinics reported using the four-glass test in diagnosis, 46 (32%) reported using the test in >90% of patients with CPPS, and 42 (29%) reported never using the test. In the treatment, doxycycline or ciprofloxacin were reported to be first line treatment by 98% clinics, mostly in 4–6 week courses; however, great variation was recorded in second-line choices and use of non-antibiotic approaches. This survey demonstrates that patients with CPPS are regularly diagnosed and managed in genitourinary clinics in the UK, with wide variations in diagnostic and treatment practices.