Explore the vast range of titles available.

The drift history of the Lhasa terrane is crucial for understanding the tectonic evolution of Tethyan Oceans and Jurassic true polar wander. However, high‐quality Middle Jurassic paleomagnetic data from the Lhasa terrane are limited in number. Here we report a combined paleomagnetic and geochronologic study on the Yeba Formation volcanic rocks, dated at ∼170 Ma, from the Lhasa terrane. Robust field and reversal tests indicate that the characteristic remanent magnetizations are primary. Our results provide a reliable Middle Jurassic (∼170 Ma) paleopole at 29.8°N, 180.7°E with A95 = 5.7° and a paleolatitude of 14.4 ± 5.7°N for the Lhasa area. Compared with previous paleomagnetic and geologic evidence, we propose that the Meso‐Tethys Ocean probably began to close in the eastern part at ∼168 Ma and that the Lhasa terrane underwent a ∼2,900 km southward “monster shift” during the Late Jurassic. Plain Language Summary The formation of the Tibetan Plateau followed the breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent and was associated with the demise of several Tethyan Oceans. The Lhasa terrane, which is a long and narrow continental fragment derived from Gondwana, was isolated in the Tethyan Ocean during the Jurassic and finally accreted to the south margin of the Paleo‐Asia continent, leading to the closure of the Meso‐Tethys Ocean. However, when this Meso‐Tethys Ocean closed is still controversial. Our new robust paleomagnetic result shows that the Lhasa terrane was located at ∼14.4°N at ∼170 Ma. Based on available reliable Jurassic paleomagnetic data from the eastern part of the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes, we suggest that the Meso‐Tethys Ocean began to close in the eastern part at ∼168 Ma. Integrating our critical Middle Jurassic paleomagnetic data with that of the Late Jurassic from the Lhasa terrane, we argue that the Lhasa terrane suffered a ∼2,900 km southward latitudinal shift during the Late Jurassic, which is known as true polar wander. Key Points The Lhasa terrane was located at ∼14.4 ± 5.7°N at ∼170 Ma The Lhasa terrane experienced a ∼2,900 km southward monster shift during the Late Jurassic The closure of the Meso‐Tethys Ocean in the eastern part most likely occurred at ∼168 Ma

Background GATA transcription factors are type IV zinc-finger proteins that play key roles in plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli. Although these proteins have been studied in model plants, the related studies of GATA gene family under abiotic stresses are rarely reported in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.). Results In the current study, a total of 23 VviGATA genes were identified in grapevine and classified into four groups (I, II, III, and IV), based on phylogenetic analysis. The proteins in the same group exhibited similar exon–intron structures and conserved motifs and were found to be unevenly distributed among the thirteen grapevine chromosomes. Accordingly, it is likely that segmental and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of the VviGATA gene family. Analysis of cis- acting regulatory elements in their promoters suggested that VviGATA genes respond to light and are influenced by multiple hormones and stresses. Organ/tissue expression profiles showed tissue specificity for most of the VviGATA genes, and five were preferentially upregulated in different fruit developmental stages, while others were strongly induced by drought, salt and cold stress treatments. Heterologously expressed VamGATA5a, VamGATA8b, VamGATA24a, VamGATA24c and VamGATA24d from cold-resistant V. amurensis ‘Shuangyou’ showed nuclear localization and transcriptional activity was shown for VamGATA5a, VamGATA8b and VamGATA24d. Conclusions The results of this study provide useful information for GATA gene function analysis and aid in the understanding of stress responses in grapevine for future molecular breeding initiatives.

The topic of haze collaborative governance has become a hot policy issue attracting worldwide attention. However, existing studies do not pay enough attention to haze collaborative governance in the process of central environmental protection inspection (CEPI). This paper employs a tripartite evolutionary game model to explore the evolutionary mechanism of haze collaborative governance among China’s central and local governments and verifies its findings further through a case study of CEPI for air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding regions. The results show that haze collaborative governance is mainly affected by the performance evaluation system, policy implementation cost, clean government construction, industrial transfer trend, fiscal subsidy, environmental inspection cost, environmental accountability, and public participation. The implementation of CEPI is conducive to haze collaborative governance among central government and local governments. To promote the full implementation of air pollution control policies, the local governments need to optimize the performance evaluation system by considering economic development and environmental protection, reduce policy implementation costs by cost-sharing, and strengthen clean government construction by preventing rent-seeking corruption. In addition, the local governments need to strengthen the coordination of cross-regional industrial development and optimize fiscal subsidies to promote ecological compensation and transfer payments. For supervising the policy implementation of local governments thoroughly, the central government needs to reduce the environmental inspection cost using the evaluation framework of cost-benefit analysis, strengthen the haze governance accountability through normalizing supervision, and broaden the public’s external supervision channels. It is vital to take effective measures to carry out haze collaborative governance, providing a useful experience for developing countries.

Background Most current guideline statements support some level of unrestricted glycemic management in critically ill adult patients. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of liberal glucose control is currently not well-supported by evidence. Therefore, our objective is to investigate the influence of liberal glucose control (> 180 mg/dl) on critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Until November 23, 2023, English language literature was thoroughly and systematically searched through multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Our primary endpoints of interest were the occurrence of hypoglycemia, mortality in the ICU, and mortality during hospitalization. In addition, our secondary outcomes comprised of 90-day mortality, bloodstream infections, the proportion of patients necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT), the length of time under mechanical ventilation, duration of stay in the ICU, and length of the overall hospitalization. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and relative risk (RR) were respectively computed as overall effect size for continuous and dichotomous data and reported with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results A total of 9 studies were incorporated, which included 14,878 patients in the ICU. Compared with other blood glucose target control groups, liberal glucose control significantly reduced the incidence of hypoglycemia (RR = 0.41; 95% CI:0.25 to 0.69; P  = 0.001), but increased ICU mortality (RR = 1.23; 95% CI:1.03 to 1.48; P  = 0.023), in-hospital mortality risk (RR = 1.18; 95% CI:1.03 to 1.35; P  = 0.020), and the risk of requiring RRT (RR = 1.26; 95% CI:1.11 to1.42; P  < 0.001). Conclusion Liberal glucose control can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia but increases the risks of ICU mortality, in-hospital mortality, and the requirement for RRT. To confirm the outcomes further, large-scale, high-quality clinical trials are necessary.

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new type of non-coding RNA that has gained significant attention in recent years, especially in tuberculosis research. Tuberculosis poses a major global public health threat. Its complex pathological mechanisms and worsening drug resistance urgently necessitate new research breakthroughs. The role of circRNA in mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is being gradually revealed, highlighting its importance in regulating gene expression, immune response, and inflammation. Additionally, researchers are interested in circRNA because of its potential for early tuberculosis diagnosis and its role as a biomarker. This article systematically analyzes existing literature to provide new insights into early tuberculosis diagnosis and personalized treatment. We also emphasize the need for future research to enhance the application of circRNA in tuberculosis prevention and control.

Neuromorphic hardware implementation of Boltzmann Machine using a network of stochastic neurons can allow non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard combinatorial optimization problems to be efficiently solved. Efficient implementation of such Boltzmann Machine with simulated annealing desires the statistical parameters of the stochastic neurons to be dynamically tunable, however, there has been limited research on stochastic semiconductor devices with controllable statistical distributions. Here, we demonstrate a reconfigurable tin oxide (SnO x )/molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) heterogeneous memristive device that can realize tunable stochastic dynamics in its output sampling characteristics. The device can sample exponential-class sigmoidal distributions analogous to the Fermi-Dirac distribution of physical systems with quantitatively defined tunable “temperature” effect. A BM composed of these tunable stochastic neuron devices, which can enable simulated annealing with designed “cooling” strategies, is conducted to solve the MAX-SAT, a representative in NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. Quantitative insights into the effect of different “cooling” strategies on improving the BM optimization process efficiency are also provided. Boltzmann Machines offer the potential of more efficient solutions to combinatorial problems compared to von Neumann computing architectures. Here, Yan et al introduce a stochastic memristor with dynamically tunable properties, a vital feature for the efficient implementation of a Boltzmann Machine.

This study aimed to identify therapeutic targets and signaling pathways of Capilliposide A (LC-A) for diabetic nephropathy (DN) through integrated network pharmacology and experimental validation. Using a DN mouse model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ), we investigated the molecular mechanisms of LC-A. The PubChem database provided the two-dimensional structure of LC-A, with subsequent identification of LC-A/DN-associated targets through intersection analysis. Core targets were determined via protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, followed by gene ontology enrichment and pathway analyses. Molecular docking simulations evaluated LC-A's binding affinity to DN-related targets. C57BL/6 mice receiving HFD and STZ intraperitoneal injections were treated daily with LC-A or metformin (MET) via oral gavage for 8 weeks. Weekly monitoring included body weight and blood glucose measurements. Post-treatment assessments encompassed serum lipid profiles, renal function biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and renal histopathology. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were performed to analyze inflammatory pathway proteins and apoptosis-related factors. Network pharmacology identified TLR4, NF-κB1, STAT3, EGFR, mTOR, and MAPK as core targets involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis regulation. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed critical inflammatory pathways including IL-17, TNF, and Th17 cell differentiation. Molecular docking confirmed stable binding of LC-A to TLR4, NF-κB1, Bax, and Bcl-2. In vivo experiments demonstrated that LC-A significantly reduced renal injury markers (KI, SCR, BUN), lipid profiles (TG, TC), and oxidative stress (MDA), while enhancing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX, CAT) in DN mice ( P  < 0.05). LC-A effectively suppressed serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS) through NF-κB pathway modulation and apoptosis regulation ( P  < 0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed attenuated renal cortical vacuolization, tubular swelling, glomerular mesangial expansion, sclerosis, and inflammatory infiltration. These findings suggest LC-A as a promising natural nephroprotective agent for DN prevention and treatment.

To refine the postcollisional extrusion and convergence history of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, we report a quality paleomagnetic data set from Upper Cretaceous redbeds of the eastern Qiangtang Terrane (QT), where is situated at the front edge of eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. The 32 site‐mean directions provide a mean pole at 75.4°N, 176.8°E (A95 = 2.4°) and a paleolatitude of 31.8 ± 2.4°N for the Mangkang area. Comparison with reliable Late Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from the eastern QT and East Asia indicates that the eastern QT experienced a southward extrusion of 940 ± 310 km after the Late Cretaceous. Comparing Late Cretaceous paleolatitudes estimated from the eastern QT and Lhasa terrane (LT) reveals a paleolatitude difference of 2,390 ± 620 km. Such a great latitudinal convergence can be attributed to the fact that some continental terranes originally located between the eastern LT and QT were laterally extruded after the Late Cretaceous. Plain Language Summary The southeastern Tibetan Plateau is composed of several narrow terranes that experienced widespread extrusion and convergence. There are still several unanswered questions, such as: What is the magnitude of the southward extrusion? What is the magnitude of the postcollisional convergence? How did these terranes converge? In this study, we provide quality paleomagnetic data showing that the eastern Qiangtang terrane was situated at 31.8 ± 2.4°N during the Late Cretaceous (100.5–83.6 Ma) and experienced a southward extrusion of 940 ± 310 km after the Late Cretaceous. Furthermore, a latitudinal convergence of 21.5 ± 5.6° (2,390 ± 620 km) has taken place between the eastern Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes since the Late Cretaceous, which is interpreted to reflect the postcollisional lateral extrusion of terranes originally located between them. Key Points The eastern Qiangtang terrane experienced a southward extrusion of 940 ± 310 km after the Late Cretaceous A latitudinal convergence of 2,390 ± 620 km occurred between the eastern Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes after the Late Cretaceous Some terranes originally located between the eastern Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes were laterally extruded after the Late Cretaceous

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common causes of liver disease in children and adolescents. Although several reports have confirmed the significant correlation between NAFLD and growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) axis, no study further investigates whether or not recombinant human GH (rhGH) treatment can improve NAFLD in obese children. Methods This study was a randomized, open-label study comprising 44 boys with obesity and NAFLD (11.76 ± 1.67 year) to evaluate the effects of 6 months of rhGH administration for boys with obesity and NAFLD. The subjects were randomized divided into treatment group (subjects with recombinant human GH (rhGH)) and control group for 6 months. Results After 6 months, IGF-1 increased significantly during rhGH treatment, in comparison with the control group (582.45 ± 133.00 vs. 359.64 ± 129.00 ng/ml; p  < 0.001). A significant reduction in serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) (15.00 vs. 28.00 U/L; p  = 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) (20.00 vs. 24.50U/L; p  = 0.004), gamma glutamyl transferase(GGT) (14.50 vs. 28.50 U/L; p  < 0.001) was observed in the GH-treated boys. In addition, the rhGH group showed a significant decrease in C reactive protein (CRP) (1.17 ± 0.76 vs. 2.26 ± 1.43 mg/L) and body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) (2.28 ± 0.80 vs. 2.71 ± 0.61) than the control group ( p  = 0.003, p  = 0.049 respectively). GH treatment also reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (2.19 ± 0.42 vs. 2.61 ± 0.66 mmol/L; p  = 0.016) and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.30 vs. 1.15 mmol/L; p  = 0.005), and there were no changes in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and uric acid(UA) between the treatment group and the control group. Conclusion Our findings suggest that 6 months treatment with rhGH may be beneficial for liver enzyme and can improve obesity-related other cardiovascular and metabolic complications in boys with obesity and NAFLD.

The relationship between the Kerguelen mantle plume and the breakup of eastern Gondwana is still debated. The new Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating of 139.9 ± 4.6 Ma, as well as previous ages from the Zhela Formation volcanic rocks in the Tethyan Himalaya, show that the studied Zhela Formation volcanic rocks formed during the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, rather than the Middle Jurassic. The calculated volume of the Comei-Bunbury igneous rocks is ~ 114,250 km 3 , which is compatible with the large igneous provinces and, consequently, the typical mantle plume models. The new date results, along with existing dates, show that the volcanism attributed to the Kerguelen mantle plume in the Tethyan Himalaya ranges from ca.147 Ma to ca.124 Ma, with two peaks at approximately 141 Ma and 133 Ma. This new finding, together with geochemical and palaeomagnetic data obtained from the Comei-Bunbury igneous rocks, indicate that the Kerguelen mantle plume contributed significantly to the breakup of eastern Gondwana and that eastern Gondwana first disintegrated and dispersed at ca.147 Ma, the Indian plate separated completely from the eastern Gondwana before ca.125 Ma.