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يو مين هونغ : حياة حلزونية : قصة نجاح مجموعة الشرق الجديد التعليمية
يحمل يو مين هونغ مؤسس مجموعة الشرق الجديد التعليمية، وأغنى مدرس لغة إنجليزية في الصين على عاتقه حلم تحسين نظام التعليم الصيني، وتعتبر الشرق الجديد من أكثر المؤسسات التي تتميز بالطابع الثقافي الصيني، وهذا ما جعلها علامة مميزة في عالم المؤسسات بالصين. تعرض مين هونغ للسلب والخيانة، وقد رأى تحول أصدقائه الذين كان لديهم الطموح نفسه في البداية، ليتفرقوا ويتخذوا طرقا مختلفة، هكذا كانت حياته. ولكن على الرغم من كل ذلك، حافظ يو مين هونغ على أن يكون المخلص الأمين. يقول يو مين هو أنفق كل يوم مائة يوان فقط للأكل، وأرتدي ملابس بسيطة جدا ليست من أغلى الأنواع، وأمتلك الآن سيارة ومنزلا، وأملك مصاريف دراسة أولادي، وأستطيع تغطية مصاريف زوج يهوى مين هونغ رياضة الغولف، ويلعبها مرتديا قميصه الذي يحمل شعار الشرق الجديد، وهو غالبا ما يرتدي الملابس والأحذية الرياضية، ولا يهتم بالمظاهر وارتداء الملابس الباهظة الثمن. قام يوما بقص شعر ابنه بالكامل، وأعجب بمظهر الولد عندما شاهده أقرع تماما، فقرر أن يقص شعره مثل ابنه، وعندما انتهى، أخذ الاثنان يتبادلان النظرات، وانتابتهما حالة هيستيرية من الضحك. لا يعد يو مين هونغ مقتصدا في مصاريف الأكل والمعيشة فحسب، بل هو لا يملك من الأساس أسلوب حياة الأغنياء المرفهين. يو مين هونغ مولع بالأحذية الرياضية، خاصة بماركة New Balance، وهي تصنف كماركة من الدرجة الثانية من ماركات الأحذية الرياضية في أمريكا، إلا أن حجم مبيعاتها ليس بالكبير. في كل مرة يذهب يو مين هونغ إلى أمريكا وكندا ويخرج للتسوق، تلمع عيناه بمجرد رؤية ماركته المفضلة، ويتجه بسرعة نحوها، ويظل يجرب كل الأحذية الجديدة، ومع كل حذاء يجربه ينظر إلى المرآة؛ مغيرا وقفته وهو في قمة السعادة، وبعد أن ينتهي من قياس كل الأحذية، يشتري أرخصهم ثمنا، ويضمه إلى صدره، ويغادر المحل، ولكنه يظل مترددا؛ لأنه لا يريد المغادرة. حينها يمزح الجميع، مخمنين أن هذه يمكن أن تكون عقدة نفسية لديه منذ الطفولة، أنه لم يكن يملك حذاء. إن المظهر الخارجي ليو مين هونغ لا يوحي تماما بأن أغنى مدرس بالصين إذا قابلته مصادفة في الشارع يستحيل أن تتخيل أن هذا الرجل العادي هو ذلك الثري والأب الروحي للطلبة الصينيين المبتعثين في الخارج.
BOOK
Kidney fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic medicines
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect 10–14% of global population. Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition leading to scarring, is a hallmark manifestation in different progressive CKD; However, at present no antifibrotic therapies against CKD exist. Kidney fibrosis is identified by tubule atrophy, interstitial chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis, glomerulosclerosis, and vascular rarefaction. Fibrotic niche, where organ fibrosis initiates, is a complex interplay between injured parenchyma (like tubular cells) and multiple non-parenchymal cell lineages (immune and mesenchymal cells) located spatially within scarring areas. Although the mechanisms of kidney fibrosis are complicated due to the kinds of cells involved, with the help of single-cell technology, many key questions have been explored, such as what kind of renal tubules are profibrotic, where myofibroblasts originate, which immune cells are involved, and how cells communicate with each other. In addition, genetics and epigenetics are deeper mechanisms that regulate kidney fibrosis. And the reversible nature of epigenetic changes including DNA methylation, RNA interference, and chromatin remodeling, gives an opportunity to stop or reverse kidney fibrosis by therapeutic strategies. More marketed (e.g., RAS blockage, SGLT2 inhibitors) have been developed to delay CKD progression in recent years. Furthermore, a better understanding of renal fibrosis is also favored to discover biomarkers of fibrotic injury. In the review, we update recent advances in the mechanism of renal fibrosis and summarize novel biomarkers and antifibrotic treatment for CKD.
Journal Article
التخفيف من حدة الفقر في الصين المعاصرة
استنادا إلى نظرة عامة على أوضاع الفقر، يقدم هذا الكتاب مسار التخفيف من حدة الفقر والتنمية في الصين، ويشرح نموذج التنمية والتخفي من حدة الفقر بخصائص صينية والتمسك بمباديء (سيطرة الحكومة ومشاركة المجتمع والاعتماد على الذات والتنمية الموجهة والتنمية الشاملة) كما يقدم الكتاب تلخيصا شاملا لإنجازات الصين العظيمة وخبراتها الهامة وإسهاماتها الرئيسية في قضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم، ويعرض بإيجاز نظرات وممارسات التخفيف المستهدف من الفقر في العصر الجديد من أجل توفير مراجع لكسب المعركة ضد الفقر في الصين وقضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم.
Book
Advances in mechanism and regulation of PANoptosis: Prospects in disease treatment
PANoptosis, a new research hotspot at the moment, is a cell death pattern in which pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis all occur in the same cell population. In essence, PANoptosis is a highly coordinated and dynamically balanced programmed inflammatory cell death pathway that combines the main features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Many variables, such as infection, injury, or self-defect, may be involved in the occurrence of PANoptosis, with the assembly and activation of the PANoptosome being the most critical. PANoptosis has been linked to the development of multiple systemic diseases in the human body, including infectious diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the process of occurrence, the regulatory mechanism of PANoptosis, and its relation to diseases. In this paper, we summarized the differences and relations between PANoptosis and the three types of programmed cell death, and emphatically expounded molecular mechanism and regulatory patterns of PANoptosis, with the expectation of facilitating the application of PANoptosis regulation in disease treatment.
Journal Article
هذه هي الصين : قوة تسير نحو العالم
يركز كتاب \"هذه هي الصين\" على سرد قصص تنمية الصين في العصر الجديد. وقد غير الدكتور تشانغ وي وي طريقته المعروفة بالتوجيه والإرشاد في البرامج الأيديولوجية والنظرية في الماضي، وعبر عنها بلغة شعبية سائغة، وحجج منطقية صارمة، وبيانات حقيقية، وتصادمات صريحة للأفكار، وتقنيات عرض مبتكرة لمساعدة الجمهور على فهم النموذج الصيني والطريق الصيني، وتعزيز ثقتهم بمستقبل الصين.
Book
Constituents, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacology of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction
Gegen-Qinlian decoction (GQD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. It is composed of four TCMs, including Puerariae Lobatae Radix , Scutellariae Radix , Coptidis Rhizoma , and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle . GQD is traditionally and clinically used to treat both the “external and internal symptoms” of diarrhea with fever. In this review, key words related to GQD were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literature published mainly from 2000 to 2020 was screened and summarized. The main constituents of GQD could be classified into eight groups according to their structures: flavonoid C -glycosides, flavonoid O -glucuronides, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, free flavonoids, flavonoid O -glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoid saponins, and others. The parent constituents of GQD that enter circulation mainly include puerarin and daidzein from Puerariae Lobatae Radix , baicalin and wogonoside from Scutellariae Radix , berberine and magnoflorine from Coptidis Rhizoma , as well as glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle . GQD is effective against inflammatory intestinal diseases, including diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, and intestinal adverse reactions caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, GQD has significant effects on metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, GQD can be used to treat lung injury. In brief, the main constituents, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles of GQD were summarized in this review. In addition, several issues of GQD including effective constituents, interactions between the constituents, pharmacokinetics, interaction potential with drugs and pharmacological effects were discussed, and related future researches were prospected in this review.
Journal Article
Impact of Visceral Obesity and Sarcopenia on Short-Term Outcomes After Colorectal Cancer Surgery
BackgroundWith the increased prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia, those patients with both visceral obesity and sarcopenia were at higher risk of adverse outcomes.AimThe aim of this study was to ascertain the combined impact of visceral obesity and sarcopenia on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study from July 2014 to February 2017. Patients’ demographic, clinical characteristics, physical performance, and postoperative short-term outcomes were collected. Patients were classified into four groups according to the presence of sarcopenia or visceral obesity. Clinical variables were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluating the risk factors for postoperative complications were performed.ResultsA total of 376 patients were included; 50.8 and 24.5% of the patients were identified as having “visceral obesity” and “sarcopenia,” respectively. Patients with sarcopenia and visceral obesity had the highest incidence of total, surgical, and medical complications. Patients with sarcopenia or/and visceral obesity all had longer hospital stays and higher hospitalization costs. Age ≥ 65 years, visceral obesity, and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for total complications. Rectal cancer and visceral obesity were independent risk factors for surgical complications. Age ≥ 65 years and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for medical complications. Laparoscopy-assisted operation was a protective factor for total and medical complications.ConclusionPatients with both visceral obesity and sarcopenia had a higher complication rate after colorectal cancer surgery. Age ≥ 65 years, visceral obesity, and sarcopenia were independent risk factors for total complications. Laparoscopy-assisted operation was a protective factor.
Journal Article
Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Responses to Salt Stress
Saline-alkali soils pose an increasingly serious global threat to plant growth and productivity. Much progress has been made in elucidating how plants adapt to salt stress by modulating ion homeostasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that affect salt tolerance and devising strategies to develop/breed salt-resilient crops have been the primary goals of plant salt stress signaling research over the past few decades. In this review, we reflect on recent major advances in our understanding of the cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying plant responses to salt stress, especially those involving temporally and spatially defined changes in signal perception, decoding, and transduction in specific organelles or cells.
Journal Article
A general asymmetric copper-catalysed Sonogashira C(sp3)–C(sp) coupling
Continued development of the Sonogashira coupling has made it a well established and versatile reaction for the straightforward formation of C–C bonds, forging the carbon skeletons of broadly useful functionalized molecules. However, asymmetric Sonogashira coupling, particularly for C(
sp
3
)–C(
sp
) bond formation, has remained largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate a general stereoconvergent Sonogashira C(
sp
3
)–C(
sp
) cross-coupling of a broad range of terminal alkynes and racemic alkyl halides (>120 examples) that are enabled by copper-catalysed radical-involved alkynylation using a chiral cinchona alkaloid-based P,N-ligand. Industrially relevant acetylene and propyne are successfully incorporated, laying the foundation for scalable and economic synthetic applications. The potential utility of this method is demonstrated in the facile synthesis of stereoenriched bioactive or functional molecule derivatives, medicinal compounds and natural products that feature a range of chiral C(
sp
3
)–C(
sp
/
sp
2
/
sp
3
) bonds. This work emphasizes the importance of radical species for developing enantioconvergent transformations.
Asymmetric Sonogashira C(
sp
3
)–C(
sp
) couplings provide complementary approaches to established C(
sp
3
)–C(
sp
2
/
sp
3
) couplings for chiral C–C bond formation; however, relatively few reactions have been developed. Now, a versatile, enantioconvergent Sonogashira coupling via a radical intermediate has been developed. The approach uses a copper catalyst featuring a multidentate electron-rich cinchona alkaloid-derived ligand.
Journal Article