Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
1,184
result(s) for
"Ma, Shanshan"
Sort by:
فرص شبكة الجيل الخامس (5G) : أي فرص تحملها لنا شبكة الجيل الخامس (5G) ؟ وكيف نغتنم هذه الفرص ؟
يثير الجيل الخامس (5G) متابعة العالم بأسره ويحظى أيضا باهتمام في الصين من القمة إلى القاعدة، وكل ذلك يبرهن على أمر معين وهو ما يتحلى به الناس من تطلع عميق تجاه الجيل الخامس (5G) بعد أن عشنا الجيل الرابع من الاتصالات (4G) ونحن على ثقة بأن الجيل الخامس (5G) يمثل فرصة كبرى لتغيير العالم ؛ فما الفرص التي سيجلب لنا الجيل الخامس (5G) يا ترى ؟ ومتى ستظهر هذه الفرص ؟ وكيف تغتنمها ؟ ؛ بعد فترة طويلة من المراقبة والتحليل والإحساس ومن خلال رسم خط مستقيم من الفرص ونظرة استشرافية شاركنا خبير الاتصالات شيانغ لي قانغ فرص الجيل الخامس (5G)، وهذا لم يسمح للمزيد من الناس بمعرفة ما الذي يعنيه الجيل الخامس (5G) فحسب، بل اطلعوا بشكل أوضح على ما يكن أن ينجز الجيل الخامس (5G) واستوعبوا أكثر من ذلك ما يمكن أن يفعله كل واحد منا من خلال الجيل الخامس (5G)
BOOK
The Religiousness of Cultivation in the Zhuangzi: “The Unity of Self” of Zuowang 坐忘
From the perspective of mysticism, the interpretation of zuowang 坐忘 as the breath-meditation technique with a transcendental goal establishes the religious basis of Zhuangzi’s cultivation. In contrast, most Chinese scholars argue instead that zuowang is primarily the mental state independent of meditative techniques, and that the techniques are devoid of philosophical significance. The pivot of the two seemingly irreconcilable views is the holistic concept of qi 氣. Combining the two interpretations can lead to a consummate understanding. There is an innate connection between the physical and nonphysical qi, and the latter can be considered as the root and basis. Deep exploration of the mysticism paradigm represented by Harold Roth reveals that the interpretation of meditative techniques is a necessary step in gaining mystical experiences not contradictory to the one that construes it as mental cultivation. The mind–body transformation shows that the pursuit of authenticity and wholeness of humanity can broaden one’s concern with fellow human beings and other realms of existence, as the same process is followed in the perpetual growth and change of the universe. This allows us to experience resonance with the universe toward the goal of “the unity of self” so to speak. The religiousness of Zhuangzi’s cultivation is, thus, substantiated.
Journal Article
Aging and age‐related diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies
Aging is a physiological process mediated by numerous biological and genetic pathways, which are directly linked to lifespan and are a driving force for all age-related diseases. Human life expectancy has greatly increased in the past few decades, but this has not been accompanied by a similar increase in their healthspan. At present, research on aging biology has focused on elucidating the biochemical and genetic pathways that contribute to aging over time. Several aging mechanisms have been identified, primarily including genomic instability, telomere shortening, and cellular senescence. Aging is a driving factor of various age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune system disorders, and musculoskeletal disorders. Efforts to find drugs that improve the healthspan by targeting the pathogenesis of aging have now become a hot topic in this field. In the present review, the status of aging research and the development of potential drugs for aging-related diseases, such as metformin, rapamycin, resveratrol, senolytics, as well as caloric restriction, are summarized. The feasibility, side effects, and future potential of these treatments are also discussed, which will provide a basis to develop novel anti-aging therapeutics for improving the healthspan and preventing aging-related diseases.
Journal Article
Inquiry and critical thinking skills for the next generation: from artificial intelligence back to human intelligence
Along with the increasing attention to artificial intelligence (AI), renewed emphasis or reflection on human intelligence (HI) is appearing in many places and at multiple levels. One of the foci is critical thinking. Critical thinking is one of four key 21st century skills – communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity. Though most people are aware of the value of critical thinking, it lacks emphasis in curricula. In this paper, we present a comprehensive definition of critical thinking that ranges from observation and inquiry to argumentation and reflection. Given a broad conception of critical thinking, a developmental approach beginning with children is suggested as a way to help develop critical thinking habits of mind. The conclusion of this analysis is that more emphasis should be placed on developing human intelligence, especially in young children and with the support of artificial intelligence. While much funding and support goes to the development of artificial intelligence, this should not happen at the expense of human intelligence. Overall, the purpose of this paper is to argue for more attention to the development of human intelligence with an emphasis on critical thinking.
Journal Article
Personalized adaptive learning: an emerging pedagogical approach enabled by a smart learning environment
Smart devices and intelligent technologies are enabling a smart learning environment to effectively promote the development of personalized learning and adaptive learning, in line with the trend of accelerating the integration of both. In this regard, we introduce a new teaching method enabled by a smart learning environment, which is a form of personalized adaptive learning. In order to clearly explain this approach, we have deeply analyzed its two pillars: personalized learning and adaptive learning. The core elements of personalized adaptive learning and its core concept are explored as well. The elements are four: individual characteristics, individual performance, personal development, and adaptive adjustment. And the core concept is referred to a technology-empowered effective pedagogy which can adaptively adjust teaching strategies timely based on real-time monitoring (enabled by smart technology) learners’ differences and changes in individual characteristics, individual performance, and personal development. On this basis, A framework of personalized adaptive learning is also constructed. Besides, we further explored a recommendation model of the personalized learning path. To be specific, personalized adaptive learning could be constructed from the following four aspects, namely, learner profiles, competency-based progression, personal learning, and flexible learning environments. Last, we explored a form of learning profiles model and a generative paths recommendation pattern of personal learning. This paper provides a clear understanding of personalized adaptive learning and serves as an endeavor to contribute to future studies and practices.
Journal Article
Repressing PTBP1 fails to convert reactive astrocytes to dopaminergic neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Lineage reprogramming of resident glial cells to dopaminergic neurons (DAns) is an attractive prospect of the cell-replacement therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, it is unclear whether repressing polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) could efficiently convert astrocyte to DAns in the substantia nigra and striatum. Although reporter-positive DAns were observed in both groups after delivering the adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing a reporter with shRNA or CRISPR-CasRx to repress astroglial PTBP1, the possibility of AAV leaking into endogenous DAns could not be excluded without using a reliable lineage-tracing method. By adopting stringent lineage-tracing strategy, two other studies show that either knockdown or genetic deletion of quiescent astroglial PTBP1 fails to obtain induced DAns under physiological condition. However, the role of reactive astrocytes might be underestimated because upon brain injury, reactive astrocyte can acquire certain stem cell hallmarks that may facilitate the lineage conversion process. Therefore, whether reactive astrocytes could be genuinely converted to DAns after PTBP1 repression in a PD model needs further validation. In this study, we used Aldh1l1-CreERT2 -mediated specific astrocyte-lineage-tracing method to investigate whether reactive astrocytes could be converted to DAns in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model of PD. However, we found that no astrocyte-originated DAn was generated after effective and persistent knockdown of astroglial PTBP1 either in the substantia nigra or in striatum, while AAV ‘leakage’ to nearby neurons was easily observed. Our results confirm that repressing PTBP1 does not convert astrocytes to DAns, regardless of physiological or PD-related pathological conditions.
Journal Article
RNA m6A demethylase FTO-mediated epigenetic up-regulation of LINC00022 promotes tumorigenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Background
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) controls cell proliferation and plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification now is recognized as a master driver of RNA function to maintain homeostasis in cancer cells. However, how m6A regulates LncRNA function and its role in tumorigenesis of ESCC remain unclear.
Methods
Multiple ESCC datasets were used to analyze gene expression in tumor tissues and normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier method and the ROC curve were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value and diagnostic value of LINC00022 in ESCC, respectively. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were employed to investigate the effects of LINC00022 on ESCC growth in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis, colorimetric m6A assay, RIP, MeRIP and co-IP was performed to explore the epigenetic mechanism of LINC00022 up-regulation in ESCC.
Results
Here we report that m6A demethylation of LncRNA LINC00022 by fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) promotes tumor growth of ESCC in vivo. Clinically, we revealed that LINC00022 was up-regulated in primary ESCC samples and was predictive of poor clinical outcome for ESCC patients. Mechanistically, LINC00022 directly binds to p21 protein and promotes its ubiquitination-mediated degradation, thereby facilitating cell-cycle progression and proliferation. Further, the elevated FTO in ESCC decreased m6A methylation of LINC00022 transcript, leading to the inhibition of LINC00022 decay via the m6A reader YTHDF2. Over-expression of FTO was shown to drive LINC00022-dependent cell proliferation and tumor growth of ESCC.
Conclusions
Thus, this study demonstrated m6A-mediated epigenetic modification of LncRNA contributes to the tumorigenesis in ESCC and LINC00022, specific target of m6A, serves as a potential biomarker for this malignancy.
Journal Article
Structure and dynamics of the active human parathyroid hormone receptor-1
The parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTH1R) is a class B G protein–coupled receptor central to calcium homeostasis and a therapeutic target for osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism. Here we report the cryo–electron microscopy structure of human PTH1R bound to a long-acting PTH analog and the stimulatory G protein. The bound peptide adopts an extended helix with its amino terminus inserted deeply into the receptor transmembrane domain (TMD), which leads to partial unwinding of the carboxyl terminus of transmembrane helix 6 and induces a sharp kink at the middle of this helix to allow the receptor to couple with G protein. In contrast to a single TMD structure state, the extracellular domain adopts multiple conformations. These results provide insights into the structural basis and dynamics of PTH binding and receptor activation.
Journal Article
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis among 1-, 2- and 3-year old Atractylodes chinensis
Background
Atractylodes chinensis
(DC.) Koidz is a well-known medicinal plant containing the major bioactive compound, atractylodin, a sesquiterpenoid. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated that atractylodin was most abundant in 3-year old
A. chinensis
rhizome, compared with those from 1- and 2-year old rhizomes, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying accumulation of atractylodin in rhizomes are poorly understood.
Results
In this study, we characterized the transcriptomes from rhizomes of 1-, 2- and 3-year old (Y1, Y2 and Y3, respectively)
A. chinensis
, to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We identified 240, 169 and 131 unigenes encoding the enzyme genes in the mevalonate (MVA), methylerythritol phosphate (MEP), sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, respectively. To confirm the reliability of the RNA sequencing analysis, eleven key gene encoding factors involved in the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, as well as in pigment, amino acid, hormone and transcription factor functions, were selected for quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The results demonstrated similar expression patterns to those determined by RNA sequencing, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.9 between qRT-PCR and RNA-seq data. Differential gene expression analysis of rhizomes from different ages revealed 52 genes related to sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Among these, seven DEGs were identified in Y1 vs Y2, Y1 vs Y3 and Y2 vs Y3, of which five encoded four key enzymes, squalene/phytoene synthase (SS), squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC), squalene epoxidase (SE) and dammarenediol II synthase (DS). These four enzymes directly related to squalene biosynthesis and subsequent catalytic action. To validate the result of these seven DEGs, qRT-PCR was performed and indicated most of them displayed lower relative expression in 3-year old rhizome, similar to transcriptomic analysis.
Conclusion
The enzymes SS, SHC, SE and DS down-regulated expression in 3-year old rhizome. This data corresponded to the higher content of sesquiterpenoid in 3-year old rhizome, and confirmed by qRT-PCR. The results of comparative transcriptome analysis and identified key enzyme genes laid a solid foundation for investigation of production sesquiterpenoid in
A. chinensis
.
Journal Article
A basal body microtubule singlet-to-doublet transition in Plasmodium male gametogenesis
Axoneme assembly constitutes a pivotal process in male gametogenesis of
Plasmodium
.
Plasmodium
possesses a unique nuclear envelope-anchored basal body that templates axoneme assembly, distinct from the basal body that templates the axoneme of cilia or flagella to protrude from the cell surface. In the canonical basal body, the microtubule (MT) triplet extends and forms the axonemal MT doublet. However, this characteristic MT triplet has not been detected in
Plasmodium
. Indeed, the MT organization and the mechanism underlying the axonemal MT doublet assembly remain elusive in
Plasmodium
. Here we utilize high-resolution imaging methods including iterative ultrastructure expansion microscopy (iU-ExM) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to resolve the native MT organization in the basal body of male gametes from the rodent malaria parasite
P. yoelii
. The parasite exhibits an MT singlet-to-doublet transition, distinct from the canonical MT triplet-to-doublet transition. Furthermore, we reveal that δ-Tubulin and ε-Tubulin are expressed in male gametocytes and regulate axoneme formation during male gametogenesis. δ-Tubulin is localized at the proximal end of the MT B-tubule and modulates B-tubule assembly of MT doublet. Our work provides the native architecture of MT singlet-to-doublet transition and reveals the key role of δ-Tubulin and ε-Tubulin in MT singlet-to-doublet transition in the basal body of
Plasmodium
.
Yang et al. use cryo-ET and resolve a unique native architecture of microtubule singlet-to-doublet transition in the basal body of Plasmodium. They reveal the key role of δTubulin and ε-Tubulin in this transition during Plasmodium male gametogenesis.
Journal Article