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A bstract We describe the on-shell method to derive the Renormalization Group (RG) evolution of Wilson coefficients of high dimensional operators at one loop, which is a necessary part in the on-shell construction of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), and exceptionally efficient based on the amplitude basis in hand. The UV divergence is obtained by firstly calculating the coefficients of scalar bubble integrals by unitary cuts, then subtracting the IR divergence in the massless bubbles, which can be easily read from the collinear factors we obtained for the Standard Model fields. Examples of deriving the anomalous dimensions at dimension six are presented in a pedagogical manner. We also give the results of contributions from the dimension-8 H 4 D 4 operators to the running of V + V − H 2 operators, as well as the running of B + B − H 2 D 2 n from H 4 D 2 n +4 for general n .

Since the past decades, more lung cancer patients have been experiencing lasting benefits from immunotherapy. It is imperative to accurately and intelligently select appropriate patients for immunotherapy or predict the immunotherapy efficacy. In recent years, machine learning (ML)-based artificial intelligence (AI) was developed in the area of medical-industrial convergence. AI can help model and predict medical information. A growing number of studies have combined radiology, pathology, genomics, proteomics data in order to predict the expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer patients or predict the likelihood of immunotherapy benefits and side effects. Finally, with the advancement of AI and ML, it is believed that \"digital biopsy\" can replace the traditional single assessment method to benefit more cancer patients and help clinical decision-making in the future. In this review, the applications of AI in PD-L1/TMB prediction, TME prediction and lung cancer immunotherapy are discussed.

PurposeThe role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) fulfillment is critical when building resilience of project-based organizations (PBOs). However, fulfilling CSR to build a highly resilient PBO remains a black box problem. This study explores the different CSR combinations that enhance PBO resilience.Design/methodology/approachThis study defines CSR in terms of shareholder, employee, and social CSR, and analyzes corporate characteristics in terms of corporate scale and nature. Data are collected from Hexun.com and the China Stock Market and Accounting Research Database (CSMAR). The qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method is used to analyze 48 listed construction and engineering companies from China to explore the CSR configurations for PBOs in enhancing organizational resilience.FindingsA large firm size is a necessary condition for high organizational resilience. We find six paths to build high and non-high resilience in PBOs, and the driving mechanisms of high and non-high resilience exhibit an asymmetric relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThis study cracks the black box of CSR fulfillment and PBO resilience. It reveals the CSR configurations that enhance or inhibit the resilience of PBOs. It also provides scientific basis for PBOs in their fulfillment of CSR in response to crises, and the enhancement of organizational resilience. Future research can be expanded to other industries, as the study sample is only limited to civil engineering construction companies. Since this study uses cross-sectional data, time series can be introduced in the future to further explore the relationship between CSR and organizational resilience.Practical implicationsThis study provides targeted suggestions that can help decision-makers of construction companies to determine how they can fulfill CSR to enhance organizational resilience. At the same time, it can provide intellectual support for PBOs to cope with systemic crises and promote the fulfillment of CSR.Originality/valueIn terms of theoretical value, on the one hand, this study verifies the relationship between CSR fulfillment and PBO resilience, revealing its mechanism of action and multiple paths; on the other hand, it provides a new way of thinking for management research methods and enriches the theoretical study of organizational resilience.

A bstract We investigate the possibility that Dark Matter arises as a composite state of a fundamental confining dynamics, together with the Higgs boson. We focus on the minimal SU(4)×SU(4)/SU(4) model which has both a Dark Matter and a Higgs candidates arising as pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons. At the same time, a simple underlying gauge-fermion theory can be defined providing an existence proof of, and useful constraints on, the effective field theory description. We focus on the parameter space where the Dark Matter candidate is mostly a gauge singlet. We present a complete calculation of its relic abundance and find preferred masses between 500 GeV to a few TeV. Direct Dark Matter detection already probes part of the parameter space, ruling out masses above 1 TeV, while Indirect Detection is relevant only if non-thermal production is assumed. The prospects for detection of the odd composite scalars at the LHC are also established.

A bstract We derive the contact terms contributing to the four-point amplitudes of the standard model particles, keeping terms with up to quartic energy growth. Imposing just the unbroken low-energy symmetry, and treating the electroweak gauge bosons and the Higgs as independent degrees of freedom, we obtain the most general four-point contact-term amplitudes, corresponding to the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT) framework. The contact terms are spanned by a basis of Stripped Contact Terms, which carry the polarization information, multiplied by polynomials in the Mandelstam invariants. For terms with quadratic energy growth, we also derive the low-energy Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) predictions, via on-shell Higgsing of the massless SMEFT contact terms. We discuss several aspects of bottom-up versus top-down on-shell derivations of the HEFT and SMEFT amplitudes, highlighting in particular the simple counting of HEFT dimensions in the on-shell approach and the transparent relation between perturbative unitarity and gauge-invariance in the little-group covariant massive spinor formalism. Our results provide a formulation of Effective Field Theory analyses directly in terms of observable quantities. For terms with quadratic energy growth, we also provide the mapping to the Warsaw basis.

Human cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide novel tools for recapitulating the cytoarchitecture of human brain and for studying biological mechanisms of neurological disorders. However, the heterotypic interactions of neurovascular units, composed of neurons, pericytes, astrocytes, and brain microvascular endothelial cells, in brain-like tissues are less investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of neural spheroids and vascular spheroids interactions on the regional brain-like tissue patterning in cortical spheroids derived from human iPSCs. Hybrid neurovascular spheroids were constructed by fusion of human iPSC-derived cortical neural progenitor cell (iNPC) spheroids, endothelial cell (iEC) spheroids, and the supporting human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Single hybrid spheroids were constructed at different iNPC: iEC: MSC ratios of 4:2:0, 3:2:1 2:2:2, and 1:2:3 in low-attachment 96-well plates. The incorporation of MSCs upregulated the secretion levels of cytokines VEGF-A, PGE2, and TGF-β1 in hybrid spheroid system. In addition, tri-cultured spheroids had high levels of TBR1 (deep cortical layer VI) and Nkx2.1 (ventral cells), and matrix remodeling genes, MMP2 and MMP3, as well as Notch-1, indicating the crucial role of matrix remodeling and cell-cell communications on cortical spheroid and organoid patterning. Moreover, tri-culture system elevated blood-brain barrier gene expression (e.g., GLUT-1), CD31, and tight junction protein ZO1 expression. Treatment with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, showed the immobilization of MSCs during spheroid fusion, indicating a CXCR4-dependent manner of hMSC migration and homing. This forebrain-like model has potential applications in understanding heterotypic cell-cell interactions and novel drug screening in diseased human brain.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are the most commonly-tested adult stem cells in cell therapy. While the initial focus for hMSC clinical applications was to exploit their multi-potentiality for cell replacement therapies, it is now apparent that hMSCs empower tissue repair primarily by secretion of immuno-regulatory and pro-regenerative factors. A growing trend in hMSC clinical trials is the use of allogenic and culture-expanded cells because they are well-characterized and can be produced in large scale from specific donors to compensate for the donor pathological condition(s). However, donor morbidity and large-scale expansion are known to alter hMSC secretory profile and reduce therapeutic potency, which are significant barriers in hMSC clinical translation. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms underpinning hMSC phenotypic and functional property is crucial for developing novel engineering protocols that maximize yield while preserving therapeutic potency. hMSC are heterogenous at the level of primary metabolism and that energy metabolism plays important roles in regulating hMSC functional properties. This review focuses on energy metabolism in regulating hMSC immunomodulatory properties and its implication in hMSC sourcing and biomanufacturing. The specific characteristics of hMSC metabolism will be discussed with a focus on hMSC metabolic plasticity and donor- and culture-induced changes in immunomodulatory properties. Potential strategies of modulating hMSC metabolism to enhance their immunomodulation and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models will be reviewed.

Based on the Atmospheric Neutron Irradiation Spectrometer, the atmospheric neutron single event effect under five bias voltages for silicon carbide diodes with a rated voltage of 650 V was studied. As the bias voltage decreases, the single event burnout cross section of silicon carbide diodes gradually decreases. The electrical testing results show that the turn-on characteristics of silicon carbide diodes with single event burnout degrade and the breakdown characteristics are completely lost. The results of damage localization and characterization show that there are obvious cavity on the surface of silicon carbide diodes induced by single event burnout, and the current leakage path formed at the cavity is the main reason for the degradation of the electrical characteristics.

A bstract We study the freeze-in production of Feebly Interacting Massive Particle (FIMP) dark matter candidates through a neutrino portal. We consider a hidden sector comprised of a fermion and a complex scalar, with the lightest one regarded as a FIMP candidate. We implement the Type-I Seesaw mechanism for generating the masses of the Standard Model (SM) neutrinos by introducing three heavy neutrinos which are assumed to be degenerated, for simplicity, and are also responsible for mediating the interactions be- tween the hidden and the SM sectors. We assume that an early matter-dominated (EMD) era took place for some period between inflation and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, making the Universe to expand faster than in the standard radiation-dominated era. In this case, the hidden and SM sectors are easily decoupled and larger couplings between FIMPs and SM particles are needed from the relic density constraints. In this context, we discuss the dynamics of dark matter throughout the modified cosmic history, evaluate the relevant constraints of the model and discuss the consequences of the duration of the EMD era for the dark matter production. Finally, we show that if the heavy neutrinos are not part of the thermal bath, this scenario becomes testable through indirect detection searches.

Epigenetics including DNA and RNA modifications have always been the hotspot field of life sciences in the post-genome era. Since the first mapping of N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) and the discovery of its widespread presence in mRNA, there are at least 160-170 RNA modifications have been discovered. These methylations occur in different RNA types, and their distribution is species-specific. 5-methylcytosine (m 5 C) has been found in mRNA, rRNA and tRNA of representative organisms from all kinds of species. As reversible epigenetic modifications, m 5 C modifications of RNA affect the fate of the modified RNA molecules and play important roles in various biological processes including RNA stability control, protein synthesis, and transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, accumulative evidence also implicates the role of RNA m 5 C in tumorigenesis. Here, we review the latest progresses in the biological roles of m 5 C modifications and how it is regulated by corresponding “writers”, “readers” and “erasers” proteins, as well as the potential molecular mechanism in tumorigenesis and cancer immunotherapy.