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The conversion of CO 2 by renewable power-generated hydrogen is a promising approach to a sustainable production of long-chain olefins (C 4+ = ) which are currently produced from petroleum resources. The decentralized small-scale electrolysis for hydrogen generation requires the operation of CO 2 hydrogenation in ambient-pressure units to match the manufacturing scales and flexible on-demand production. Herein, we report a Cu-Fe catalyst which is operated under ambient pressure with comparable C 4+ = selectivity (66.9%) to that of the state-of-the-art catalysts (66.8%) optimized under high pressure (35 bar). The catalyst is composed of copper, iron oxides, and iron carbides. Iron oxides enable reverse-water-gas-shift to produce CO. The synergy of carbide path over iron carbides and CO insertion path over interfacial sites between copper and iron carbides leads to efficient C-C coupling into C 4+ = . This work contributes to the development of small-scale low-pressure devices for CO 2 hydrogenation compatible with sustainable hydrogen production. The conversion of CO2 by renewable power-generated hydrogen is a promising approach to a sustainable production of long-chain olefins. Here the authors report a Cu-Fe catalyst which achieves the hydrogenation of CO2 into long-chain olefins under ambient pressure via the synergy of carbide mechanism and CO insertion mechanism.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) has a high incidence worldwide, yet effective treatments remain lacking. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are closely associated with ONFH development. Ergothioneine (EGT) is a potent antioxidant that can target various organs; however, its potential role in ONFH remains elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of EGT against steroid-induced ONFH and to explore the underlying mechanisms involved. Murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with EGT following dexamethasone induction. Subsequent experiments assessed cell viability and functional changes in each group. A steroid-induced rat model of ONFH was established, and the therapeutic efficacy of EGT was verified through imaging and histological analyses. Dexamethasone disrupted both the structure and function of mitochondria and induced apoptosis in BMMSCs and HUVECs. In contrast, EGT treatment activated the protein kinase B (AKT)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway under steroid stimulation, and the cellular damage was reversed. Moreover, in the steroid-induced ONFH rat model, EGT supplementation reduced bone structural destruction and the expression of degenerative biomarkers, along with maintaining angiogenic and osteogenic marker levels. EGT exerts a protective effect against steroid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by activating the AKT/PI3K-signaling pathway and maintaining osteogenesis and angiogenesis during ONFH development. These findings suggest its potential as a therapeutic agent for treating steroid-induced ONFH.

In the present work, we reported the luminescence of a green-emitting carbon dots (CDs) synthesized via solid state reaction method using diammonium hydrogen citrate and urea as a starting materials. The obtained green-emitting CDs shows strong absorption in the 350–450 nm region and gives intense green emission (λ max  = 537 nm) with quantum yield as high as 46.4% under 420 nm excitation. The obtained green-emitting CDs also demonstrates high photo-stability, which is evidenced by the fact that its emission intensity almost has no change under irradiation by a 365 nm UV lamp for 2 hours. Moreover, the obtained green-emitting CDs shows high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of Fe 3+ , and their emission intensity response towards Fe 3+ ions is highly linear (R 2  = 0.995) over the concentration range from 25 to 300 µM, which could provide an effective platform for detection of Fe 3+ . Mostly important, we further demonstrate that such photoluminescent green-emitting CDs exhibits low toxicity and are biocompatible for use with in cellular imaging. Combining with low cytotoxicity, good water solubility and excellent luminescence properties, green-emitting CDs could be used as a biocompatible fluorescent ink in future applications.

Background:Excessive intake of manganese can accumulate in the body, causing damage to the nervous system and triggering a series of serious medical problems. Finding effective methods to remove excess manganese ions from the body is crucial for related diseases. It aimed to prepare carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)-coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) (CMCS-Fe 3 O 4 NPs) and investigate their effects on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: Fe 3 O 4 NPs were prepared using the co-precipitation method and coated with CMCS to obtain CMCS-Fe 3 O 4 NPs. Simulated manganese ion wastewater solutions of different concentrations were prepared for adsorption experiments. SH-SY5Y cells were used to construct a nerve cell damage model, with cells grouped: blank group (BG), model group (MG), and intervention group (IG, treated with CMCS-Fe 3 O 4 NPs solution). Multiplication activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, apoptosis rate (AR), and transfer and attack capabilities were recorded. With increasing initial manganese ion concentration, the adsorption capacities of both CMCS-Fe 3 O 4 NPs and Fe 3 O 4 NPs increased, with the former consistently exhibiting higher values (maximum experimental saturated adsorption capacity: 118.3 mg/g). The particle size of CMCS-Fe 3 O 4 NPs (53–99 nm) was larger than that of Fe 3 O 4 NPs (22–50 nm), but the uniformity of distribution did not improve. The zeta potential became more negative (−30.08 ± 0.08 mV), and superparamagnetism was retained (saturation magnetization: 65.2 emu/g). Compared with the BG group, the MG group showed reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, decreased migration and invasion abilities, and a significant increase in ROS level to 318.52 ± 11.36 ( P  < 0.01). In contrast, the IG group exhibited increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and enhanced migration and invasion capacities compared to the MG group ( P  < 0.05), along with a reduction in ROS level to 182.47 ± 7.93 ( P  < 0.01). CMCS-Fe 3 O 4 NPs exhibit excellent adsorption capacity for manganese ions and alleviate manganese-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells through dual mechanisms of adsorbing manganese ions and scavenging ROS, demonstrating potential application value in the prevention and treatment of manganese-related neurotoxic diseases. The innovation of this study lies in the first application of CMCS-Fe 3 O 4 NPs in repairing manganese-induced neuronal cell injury. By precisely optimizing the mass ratio of CMCS to Fe 3 O 4 NPs and the coating process parameters, the composite material retains the superparamagnetism of Fe 3 O 4 NPs while significantly enhancing the adsorption capacity for manganese ions and maintaining excellent adsorption stability within the physiological pH range. This work provides a novel functional material and experimental basis for the targeted treatment of manganese poisoning. Graphical abstract Histogram of PS distribution of CMCS-Fe₃O₄ NPs and Fe₃O₄ NPs. (A for CMCS-Fe₃O₄ NPs; B for Fe₃O₄ NPs)

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of using drainage tubes after high tibial osteotomy. Methods Clinical data of 164 patients who underwent high tibial osteotomy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: group A, in which drainage tubes were not placed, and group B, in which drainage tubes were placed postoperatively. C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels; hidden, visible, and total blood losses at 24 h postoperatively; visual analog scale scores at 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively; complications; range of motion; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis index at 6 months postoperatively; and differences in patellar diameter, edge of tibial tubercle diameter, and ankle diameter were compared. Results At 24 h postoperatively, the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in group A were significantly higher than those in group B. Total, hidden, and visible blood losses at 24 h postoperatively were significantly lower in group A than in group B. There were no significant differences in the other indices. Conclusions The findings suggested that using drainage tubes after high tibial osteotomy offered no evident advantages. In contrast, they increased postoperative blood loss, which is not conducive to early recovery.

Intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of disability. The degeneration is inevitable, and the mechanisms are complex. Current therapeutic strategies mainly focus on the relief of symptoms, not the intrinsic regeneration of the intervertebral disk (IVD). Tissue engineering is a promising strategy for IVDD due to its ability to restore a healthy microenvironment and promote IVD regeneration. This review briefly summarizes the IVD anatomy and composition and then sets out elements of the microenvironment and the interactions. We rationalized different scaffolds based on tissue engineering strategies used recently. To fulfill the complete restoration of a healthy IVD microenvironment, we propose that various tissue engineering strategies should be combined and customized to create personalized therapeutic strategies for each individual.

The surface corrosion of magnesium alloys is effectively addressed currently by the creation of a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic layer. However, oxide film porousness restricts magnesium alloy use. Thus, this work used atomic layer deposition (ALD) to create a TiO2 coating on MAO-coated AZ31B magnesium alloy to plug micropores and increase corrosion resistance and biological characteristics. The samples were analyzed using SEM, EDS, XPS, and XRD to determine their surface appearance, chemical content, and microstructure. Micro-arc oxidation produced a 20 μm oxide coating. The TiO2 film reached 47.41 nm after 400 atomic layer deposition cycles. All corroded samples were tested for corrosion resistance using electrochemical and hydrogen evolution methods and examined for surface morphology. In vitro cell experiments examined biocompatibility. The results indicate that the TiO2 layer sealed the MAO coating’s micro-pores and micro-cracks, enhanced corrosion resistance, and preserved surface morphology following corrosion. The TiO2/MAO composite coating is more biocompatible than the substrate and MAO coating. This research proposes coating AZ31B magnesium alloy for bio-remediation to increase corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.

Tissue-specific extracellular matrix plays an important role in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. We hypothesized that decellularized annular fibrosus matrix may be an appropriate scaffold for annular fibrosus tissue engineering. We aimed to determine the optimal decellularization method suitable for annular fibrosus. Annular fibrosus tissue was treated with 3 different protocols with Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and trypsin. After the decellularization process, we examined cell removal and preservation of the matrix components, microstructure and mechanical function with the treatments to determine which method is more efficient. All 3 protocols achieved decellularization; however, SDS or trypsin disturbed the structure of the annular fibrosus. All protocols maintained collagen content, but glycosaminoglycan content was lost to different degrees, with the highest content with TritonX-100 treatment. Furthermore, SDS decreased the tensile mechanical property of annular fibrosus as compared with the other 2 protocols. MTT assay revealed that the decellularized annular fibrosus was not cytotoxic. Annular fibrosus cells seeded into the scaffold showed good viability. The Triton X-100-treated annular fibrosus retained major extracellular matrix components after thorough cell removal and preserved the concentric lamellar structure and tensile mechanical properties. As well, it possessed favorable biocompatibility, so it may be a suitable candidate as a scaffold for annular fibrosus tissue engineering.

The number of patients with bone defects caused by trauma and diseases has been increasing year by year. The treatment of bone defects remains a major challenge in clinical practice. Bone scaffolds are increasingly favored for repairing bones, with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) scaffolds emerging as a popular option due to their superior performance. The aim of this review is to highlight the crucial influence of pore structure on the properties of TPMS bone scaffolds, offering important insights for their innovation and production. It briefly examines various elements that influence the properties of TPMS bone scaffolds, such as pore shape, porosity, pore diameter, and curvature. By analyzing these elements, this review serves as a valuable reference for upcoming research and practical implementations in the field of bone tissue engineering. Graphical Abstract

Background Knee osteoarthritis is a highly disabling chronic disease that imposes a substantial societal burden.Short video platforms have become a primary source of health information in China, yet the quality of such content is highly variable. There is currently a lack of systematic and multi-platform assessments of knee osteoarthritis-related information quality on these platforms. Method This study retrieved and included 300 videos related to knee osteoarthritis from three platforms—TikTok, Bilibili, and Rednote—as the analytical sample. The basic characteristics of the videos (likes, comments, duration, etc.), the identities of the publishers (orthopedic surgeons, other medical personnel, institutions, and ordinary users), and the content types were collected and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Three standardized tools, Global Quality Scale (GQS), modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), were used to independently assess the quality of the videos. We also examined the correlation between these quality scores and video features. Result There were significant differences among the three platforms. TikTok videos had the highest user engagement but the shortest duration (median 108 s); Bilibili had the longest video duration (median 262 s), and achieved a significantly higher median GQS score 3(IQR2-4) than Rednote 2(IQR2-3) ( p  < 0.001); Rednote performed the best and was the most stable in JAMA scores ( p <  0.01). The quality scores of videos released by medical professionals and institutions were significantly higher than those of ordinary users in all assessment tools ( p  < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that video quality (GQS, mDISCERN, JAMA) was only weakly or insignificantly correlated with the popularity indicators (likes, followers, etc.), but a positive correlation trend with video duration. Conclusion The generally suboptimal quality of knee osteoarthritis information on Chinese short-video platforms and its disconnect from popularity metrics highlight a growing public health concern. As short videos increasingly serve as a key source of health information, it is imperative to strengthen content quality oversight. Collaborative efforts among platforms, health authorities, and the public are essential to improve the reliability of online health content and support public access to accurate health information.