Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
58,334
result(s) for
"Ma, Y."
Sort by:
شينجيانغ جسر آسيا وأوربا
يجمع الكتاب بين النصوص والصور، ويستعرض الكتاب صورة انفتاح شينجيانغ على العالم استعراضا حيا استنادا على مجموعة كبيرة من الأمثلة الحية والبيانات التفصيلية، ويتناول الكتاب بصورة شاملة كيفية استغلال شينجيانغ لمزاياها الإقليمية، كما يعرض الكتاب دور شينجيانغ الكبير باعتبارها جسر التواصل بين آسيا وأوروبا من خلال معارضها وموانيها وجذب رؤوس الأموال والتعاون وغيرها من الأشكال، وبالتالي حققت طفرة اقتصادية كبيرة.
Book
Global, regional prevalence, and risk factors of osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the global, regional prevalence, and risk factors of osteoporosis. Prevalence varied greatly according to countries (from 4.1% in Netherlands to 52.0% in Turkey) and continents (from 8.0% in Oceania to 26.9% in Africa). Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder in the elderly, usually resulting in bone pain and an increased risk of fragility fracture, but few summarized studies have guided global strategies for the disease. Therefore, we pooled the epidemiologic data to estimate the global, regional prevalence, and potential risk factors of osteoporosis. We conducted a comprehensive literature search through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, to identify population-based studies that reported the prevalence of osteoporosis based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. The study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021285555). Of the 57,933 citations evaluated, 108 individual studies containing 343,704 subjects were included. The global prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 19.7% (95%CI, 18.0%–21.4%) and 40.4% (95%CI, 36.9%–43.8%). Prevalence varied greatly according to countries (from 4.1% in Netherlands to 52.0% in Turkey) and continents (from Oceania 8.0% to 26.9% in Africa). The prevalence was higher in developing countries (22.1%, 95%CI, 20.1%–24.1%) than in developed countries (14.5%, 95%CI, 11.5%–17.7%). Our study indicates a considerable prevalence of osteoporosis among the general population based on WHO criteria, and the prevalence varies substantially between countries and regions. Future studies with robust evidence are required to explore risk factors to provide effective preventive strategies for the disease.
Journal Article
Neuropsychological mechanism underlying antidepressant effect: a systematic meta-analysis
Antidepressants are widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of depression and other mood disorders. Numerous neuroimaging studies have recently examined how antidepressants influence emotional processes. However, both clinical trials and neuroimaging studies have reported inconsistent responses to antidepressants. Moreover, the neuropsychological mechanisms by which antidepressants act to improve depressive features remain underspecified. This systematic meta-analysis summarizes pharmacological neuroimaging studies (before February 2013) and the antidepressant effects on human brain activity underlying emotional processes. Sixty fMRI studies (involving 1569 subjects) applying antidepressants vs control were included in the current quantitative Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis. Pooling of results by ALE meta-analyses was stratified for population (mood disorder patients/healthy volunteers), emotional valence (positive/negative emotions) and treatment effects (increased/decreased brain activity). For both patients and healthy volunteers, the medial prefrontal and core limbic parts of the emotional network (for example, anterior cingulate, amygdala and thalamus) were increased in response to positive emotions but decreased to negative emotions by repeated antidepressant administration. Moreover, selective antidepressant effects were uncovered in patients and healthy volunteers, respectively. Antidepressants increased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC), a key region mediating emotion regulation, during both negative and positive emotions in patients. Repeated antidepressant administration decreased brain responses to positive emotions in the nucleus accumbens, putamen, medial prefrontal and midbrain in healthy volunteers. Antidepressants act to normalize abnormal neural responses in depressed patients by increasing brain activity to positive stimuli and decreasing activity to negative stimuli in the emotional network, and increasing engagement of the regulatory mechanism in dlPFC.
Journal Article
أغاثا كريستي
«أطفال بأحلام كبيرة»، السلسلة الأكثر رواجا بين كتب الأطفال، تتناول سيرة حياة أشخاص مميزين، من مصممي أزياء وفنانين وعلماء ومناضلين، كلهم حققوا إنجازات عظيمة حلم بها يوما طفل صغير. في هذا الكتاب نتعرف إلى أغاثا كريستي (1890-1967)، وهي روائية بريطانية صاحبة الكتب الأكثر مبيعا في العالم، وقد ترجمت إلى ما يزيد عن مئة لغة. تعتبر روايتها «ثم لم يبق أحد» (And Then There Were None) إحدى الكتب العشرة الأكثر قراءة في التاريخ. استطاعت أغاثا أن تتحدى عقول ملايين القراء بفضل شخصيّاتها الغريبة، وألغازها الغامضة، ورواياتها المليئة بالمنعطفات والتحولات في سير الأحداث، فتوجت ملكة الروايات البوليسية.
BOOK
Individually addressed entangling gates in a two-dimensional ion crystal
Two-dimensional (2D) ion crystals may represent a promising path to scale up qubit numbers for ion trap quantum information processing. However, to realize universal quantum computing in this system, individually addressed high-fidelity two-qubit entangling gates still remain challenging due to the inevitable micromotion of ions in a 2D crystal as well as the technical difficulty in 2D addressing. Here we demonstrate two-qubit entangling gates between any ion pairs in a 2D crystal of four ions. We use symmetrically placed crossed acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) to drive Raman transitions and achieve an addressing crosstalk error below 0.1%. We design and demonstrate a gate sequence by alternatingly addressing two target ions, making it compatible with any single-ion addressing techniques without crosstalk from multiple addressing beams. We further examine the gate performance versus the micromotion amplitude of the ions and show that its effect can be compensated by a recalibration of the laser intensity without degrading the gate fidelity. Our work paves the way for ion trap quantum computing with hundreds to thousands of qubits on a 2D ion crystal.
Quantum gates in 2D ion crystals are more challenging than in 1D. Here, the authors use their 2D ion trap platform and acousto-optical deflectors to demonstrate a 2-qubit gate that can stand the ion micromotion in such configuration.
Journal Article
ماري كوري
\"أطفال بأحلام كبيرة\"، السلسلة الأكثر رواجا بين كتب الأطفال، تتناول سيرة حياة أشخاص مميزين، من مصممي أزياء وفنانين وعلماء ومناضلين، كلهم حققوا إنجازات عظيمة حلم بها يوما طفل صغير. في هذا الكتاب نتعرف إلى ماري كوري (1867-1934)، وهي عالمة بولندية وأول امرأة تنال شهادة دكتوراه من جامعة باريس للعلوم. اشتهرت بكونها المرأة الأولى التي فازت بجائزة نوبل. وهي لا تزال أول عالمة تفوز بهذه الجائزة مرتين في مجالين مختلفين. تزوجت من العالم بيار كوري واكتشفا معا مادتي البولونيوم والراديوم. كانت ماري تؤمن بأنه يجب استخدام العلم للخير، ولا تزال اكتشافاتها تساعد على معالجة الأمراض حتى اليوم.
BOOK
Realization of a crosstalk-avoided quantum network node using dual-type qubits of the same ion species
Generating ion-photon entanglement is a crucial step for scalable trapped-ion quantum networks. To avoid the crosstalk on memory qubits carrying quantum information, it is common to use a different ion species for ion-photon entanglement generation such that the scattered photons are far off-resonant for the memory qubits. However, such a dual-species scheme can be subject to inefficient sympathetic cooling due to the mass mismatch of the ions. Here we demonstrate a trapped-ion quantum network node in the dual-type qubit scheme where two types of qubits are encoded in the
S
and
F
hyperfine structure levels of
171
Yb
+
ions. We generate ion photon entanglement for the
S
-qubit in a typical timescale of hundreds of milliseconds, and verify its small crosstalk on a nearby
F
-qubit with coherence time above seconds. Our work demonstrates an enabling function of the dual-type qubit scheme for scalable quantum networks.
In ion-photon quantum network platforms, usually memory qubits and communication qubits are encoded in ions of different species. Here, instead, the authors show how to realise ion-photon entanglement within the same-species-dual-encoding scheme.
Journal Article
كوكو شانيل
تتناول سيرة حياة أشخاص مميزين، من مصممي أزياء وفنانين وعلماء ومناضلين، كلهم حققوا إنجازات عظيمة حلم بها يوما طفل صغير. في هذا الكتاب نتعرف إلى غابريال بونور، المعروفة أكثر باسم كوكو شانيل (1883-1971)، وهي مصممة الأزياء الفرنسية الأشهر في العالم. حررت المرأة من المشد الضيق وأدخلت موضة ارتداء البنطال للنساء. تميزت تصاميمها الأنيقة بالبساطة والعملية. تحولت شانيل إلى رمز للحرية، وأحدثت ثورة في أسلوب حياة المرأة العصرية.
BOOK
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Older People in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
To systematically assess the prevalence of frailty, including prefrailty, stratified prevalence according to frailty criteria, gender, age, and region, and the risk factors for frailty in China.
We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis using articles available in 8 databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), and Weipu Database (VIP).
Crosssectional and cohort data from Chinese community.
Community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older.
Two authors independently extracted data based upon predefined criteria. Where data were available we conducted a meta-analysis of frailty parameters using a random-effects model.
We screened 915 different articles, and 14 studies (81258 participants) were ultimately included in this analysis. The prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in individual studies varied from 5.9% to 17.4% and from 26.8% to 62.8%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of frailty and prefrailty were 10% (95% CI: 8% to 12%, I2 = 97.4%, P = 0.000) and 43% (95% CI: 37% to 50%, I2 = 98.0%, P = 0.000), respectively. The pooled frailty prevalence was 8% for the Fried frailty phenotype, 12% for the frail index, and 15% for the FRAIL scale. Age-stratified meta-analyses showed the pooled prevalence of frailty to be 6%, 15%, and 25% for those aged 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years old, respectively. The pooled prevalence of frailty was 8% for males and 11% for females. The pooled prevalence of frailty in Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong was 12%, 8%, and 14%, respectively. The pooled frailty prevalence was 10% in urban areas and 7% in rural areas. After controlling for confounding variables, increasing age (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.36, I2 = 98.0%, P = 0.000), being female (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.43, I2 =92.7%, P=0.000), activities of daily living (ADL) disability (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.57 to 1.90, I2 = 99.7%, P = 0.000), and having three or more chronic diseases (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.78 to 2.18, I2 = 97.5%, P = 0.000) were associated with frailty.
These findings of this review indicate an overall pooled prevalence of frailty among Chinese community-dwelling older people of 10%. Increasing age, being female, ADL disability, and having three or more chronic diseases were all risk factors for frailty. Further research will be needed to identify additional frailty risk factors in order to better treat and prevent frailty in the community.
Journal Article